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Molecular Aspects of Adrenal Diseases and Carcinoma
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Molecular Aspects of Adrenal Diseases and Carcinoma

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 2114

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tamás Micsík

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: adrenal gland; digital pathology; image analysis; prognostic factors; molecular genetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The adrenal gland is a rather hidden organ; thus, any pathological process developing in it can provoke wide differential diagnostic issues, as benign and malignant diseases can also affect the organ. After the exclusion of benign diseases and metastases, the malignant counterpart, adrenocortical cancer, is a very difficult diagnosis as not only the criteria of malignancy but also the prognostic factors and thus the behavior of the disease are hardly predictable. There are multiple risk-stratifications of both malignancy and progression; still, these are far for perfect and thus may be subject to considerable debate when defining therapeutic plans.

Nowadays, the revolution in data and molecular sciences as well as in digital pathology and artificial intelligence has the capacity to rephrase the approach to adrenal disease and neoplasia, potentially offering better screening, diagnosis, prognostication and tailored therapy. The aim of our Special Issue is to collect as much new molecular, genetic, prognostic, micro and macroenvironmental data in defining the best and individualized diagnosis and treatment for adrenal disease and neoplasia.

Topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Tumor microenvironment and macroenvironment;
  • Cancer biomarkers: screening, diagnosis, prognosis;
  • Adrenal disease and cancer therapy: target discovery, drug design, resistance, targeted therapy, theragnostic, personalized medicine;
  • Translational cancer research;
  • High-throughput technologies: genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microarray, next-generation sequencing, and other omics technologies involved in developing diagnosis and therapy;
  • Genomic and proteomic databases and applications;
  • Digital pathological approach to develop diagnosis, prognostication and treatment;
  • The exploitation of artificial intelligence in diagnosis, prognostication and personalized therapy.

Dr. Tamás Micsík
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adrenal neoplasia
  • adrenocortical cancer
  • molecular and genetics
  • omics
  • artificial intelligence digital pathology
  • individualized therapy
  • prognostication

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4741 KiB  
Article
Evidence of the Role of Inflammation and the Hormonal Environment in the Pathogenesis of Adrenal Myelolipomas in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
by Vipula Kolli, Emily Frucci, Isabela Werneck da Cunha, James R. Iben, Sun A. Kim, Ashwini Mallappa, Tianwei Li, Fabio Rueda Faucz, Electron Kebebew, Naris Nilubol, Martha M. Quezado and Deborah P. Merke
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2543; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms25052543 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 817
Abstract
Adrenal myelolipomas (AML) are composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic components. They represent approximately 3 percent of adrenal tumors and are commonly found in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). CAH provides a unique environment to explore AML pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate [...] Read more.
Adrenal myelolipomas (AML) are composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic components. They represent approximately 3 percent of adrenal tumors and are commonly found in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). CAH provides a unique environment to explore AML pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the role of the immune system and hormones that accumulate in poorly controlled CAH in the development of AML. When compared to normal adrenal tissue, CAH-affected adrenal tissue and myelolipomas showed an increased expression of inflammatory cells (CD68, IL2Rbeta), stem cells (CD117) B cells (IRF4), and adipogenic markers (aP2/FABP4, AdipoQ, PPARγ, Leptin, CideA), and immunostaining showed nodular lymphocytic accumulation. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed a higher density of inflammatory cells (CD20, CD3, CD68) in CAH compared to non-CAH myelolipomas. In vitro RNA-sequencing studies using NCI-H295R adrenocortical cells with exogenous exposure to ACTH, testosterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone hormones, showed the differential expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and tumorigenesis. Migration of B-lymphocytes was initiated after the hormonal treatment of adrenocortical cells using the Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay, indicating a possible hormonal influence on triggering inflammation and the development of myelolipomas. These findings demonstrate the important role of inflammation and the hormonal milieu in the development of AML in CAH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Aspects of Adrenal Diseases and Carcinoma)
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14 pages, 4360 KiB  
Article
Albumin/Mitotane Interaction Affects Drug Activity in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells: Smoke and Mirrors on Mitotane Effect with Possible Implications for Patients’ Management
by Aurora Schiavon, Laura Saba, Gianluca Catucci, Jessica Petiti, Soraya Puglisi, Chiara Borin, Giuseppe Reimondo, Gianfranco Gilardi, Claudia Giachino, Massimo Terzolo and Marco Lo Iacono
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16701; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms242316701 - 24 Nov 2023
Viewed by 856
Abstract
Background: Mitotane is the only drug approved for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Although it has been used for many years, its mechanism of action remains elusive. H295R cells are, in ACC, an essential tool to evaluate drug mechanisms, although they often [...] Read more.
Background: Mitotane is the only drug approved for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Although it has been used for many years, its mechanism of action remains elusive. H295R cells are, in ACC, an essential tool to evaluate drug mechanisms, although they often lead to conflicting results. Methods: Using different in vitro biomolecular technologies and biochemical/biophysical experiments, we evaluated how the presence of “confounding factors” in culture media and patient sera could reduce the pharmacological effect of mitotane and its metabolites. Results: We discovered that albumin, the most abundant protein in the blood, was able to bind mitotane. This interaction altered the effect of the drug by blocking its biological activity. This blocking effect was independent of the albumin source or methodology used and altered the assessment of drug sensitivity of the cell lines. Conclusions: In conclusion, we have for the first time demonstrated that albumin does not only act as an inert drug carrier when mitotane or its metabolites are present. Indeed, our experiments clearly indicated that both albumin and human serum were able to suppress the pharmacological effect of mitotane in vitro. These experiments could represent a first step towards the individualization of mitotane treatment in this rare tumor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Aspects of Adrenal Diseases and Carcinoma)
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