International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous special issue "Bladder Cancer".

At the first diagnosis of bladder cancer patients, about 75% are diagnosed with non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and the remaining 25% are diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) or metastatic bladder cancer. Although the 5-year survival rate of NMIBC patients was relatively good, at least 80%, the recurrence rate of NMIBC was reported from 31% to 78%, and the progression from NMIBC to MIBC ranged from 0.8% to 45%. Radiation and anticancer drugs are imposed on surgical operations to prevent this progression and recurrence, but there are many reports of cancer progression and recurrence due to cancer cells that resist these additional treatments. Molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and recurrence are gaining a general understanding due to recent advances in molecular biology and genomic research. However, there remains a need to discover biomarkers for prognosis and predictive diagnosis of bladder cancer progression and recurrence, and challenges for new therapeutics using them remain.

This Special Issue on “Bladder Cancer 2.0” has the objective of developing an updated investigation and rationale of biological behavior of bladder cancer focusing on molecular biology, cell biology, bioinformatics, biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

Dr. Sun-Hee Leem
Guest Editor

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Keywords

bladder cancer
prognostic biomarkers
predictive biomarkers
gene expression profiles
diagnostics and therapeutics
molecular function

Published Papers (1 paper)

Research

19 pages, 4285 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of TKS5 in Chromosome Stability and Bladder Cancer Progression

by Wenya Wang, Xi Zheng, Anca Azoitei, Axel John, Friedemann Zengerling, Felix Wezel, Christian Bolenz and Cagatay Günes

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 14283; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232214283 - 18 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1635

Abstract

TKS5 promotes invasion and migration through the formation of invadopodia in some tumour cells, and it also has an important physiological function in cell migration through podosome formation in various nontumour cells. To date, the role of TKS5 in urothelial cells, and its potential role in BC initiation and progression, has not yet been addressed. Moreover, the contribution of TKS5 to ploidy control and chromosome stability has not been reported in previous studies. Therefore, in the present study, we wished to address the following questions: (i) Is TKS5 involved in the ploidy control of urothelial cells? (ii) What is the mechanism that leads to aneuploidy in response to TKS5 knockdown? (iii) Is TKS5 an oncogene or tumour-suppressor gene in the context of BC? (iv) Does TKS5 affect the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells? We assessed the gene and protein expressions via qPCR and Western blot analyses in a set of nontumour cell strains (Y235T, HBLAK and UROtsa) and a set of BC cell lines (RT4, T24, UMUC3 and J82). Following the shRNA knockdown in the TKS5-proficient cells and the ectopic TKS5 expression in the cell lines with low/absent TKS5 expression, we performed functional experiments, such as metaphase, invadopodia and gelatine degradation assays. Moreover, we determined the invasion and migration abilities of these genetically modified cells by using the Boyden chamber and wound-healing assays. The TKS5 expression was lower in the bladder cancer cell lines with higher invasive capacities (T24, UMUC3 and J82) compared to the nontumour cell lines from human ureter (Y235T, HBLAK and UROtsa) and the noninvasive BC cell line RT4. The reduced TKS5 expression in the Y235T cells resulted in augmented aneuploidy and impaired cell division. According to the Boyden chamber and wound-healing assays, TKS5 promotes the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells. According to the present study, TKS5 regulates the migration and invasion processes of bladder cancer (BC) cell lines and plays an important role in genome stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bladder Cancer 2.0)

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