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Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Tumor Microenvironment

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 6743

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
Interests: microRNA; extracellular vesicles; colon cancer; tumor microenvironment; cell-cell communication

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circulating vehicles carrying various bioactive molecules, including microRNA, mRNA, protein, and DNA. So far, EVs have been classified into three major classes: exosomes (endosome origin), shed-microvesicles (plasma membrane origin), and apoptotic bodies, based on mainly their sizes and surface molecules. Recent studies on the roles of EVs have unveiled their crucial roles in intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. However, many factors still remain undefined. For example, their isolation and classification methods are still developing. How their cargo is sorted and/or how their destination is determined are not elucidated. Understanding fundamental EV biology is critical to utilizing them as therapeutic carriers in the future. This Special Issue kindly requests deeper advanced studies on the roles of EVs associated with their properties in the tumor microenvironment.

Dr. Nami O. Yamada
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Cancer
  • Shed-microvesicles
  • Exosomes
  • Extracellular vesicles
  • Tumor microenvironment
  • Cell-to-cell communication

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

17 pages, 1584 KiB  
Review
The Role of Melanoma Cell-Derived Exosomes (MTEX) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) within a Tumor Microenvironment
by Bridgette Mkhobongo, Rahul Chandran and Heidi Abrahamse
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(18), 9726; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22189726 - 08 Sep 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3189
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), an unconventional cancer therapy with optimistic desirable effects, utilizes the delivery of a photosensitizer (PS) that is activated by light at a particular wavelength and inducing oxidative cytotoxic damage of a tumor and its surrounding vasculature. Deeper seated tumors such [...] Read more.
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), an unconventional cancer therapy with optimistic desirable effects, utilizes the delivery of a photosensitizer (PS) that is activated by light at a particular wavelength and inducing oxidative cytotoxic damage of a tumor and its surrounding vasculature. Deeper seated tumors such as internally metastasized melanomas are more difficult to treat with PDT as the penetration of laser light to those sites is less. Limitations in targeting melanomas can also be attributed to melanin pigments that hinder laser light from reaching targeted sites. Exosomes serve as naturally occurring nanoparticles that can be re-assembled with PSs, improving targeted cellular absorption of photosensitizing agents during PDT. Additionally, studies indicate that exosomes released from PDT-treated tumor cells play a critical role in mediating anti-tumor immune responses. This review collates the role of Melanoma Cell-Derived Exosomes (MTEX) in immune response mediation and metastasis. Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomes (TEX) post PDT treatment are also reviewed, as well as the effects of exosomes as carriers of photosensitizers and delivery systems for PDT. The understanding and research on the role of melanoma exosomes induced by Photodynamic Therapy and their tumor microenvironment will assist in future research in treatment prospects and implications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Tumor Microenvironment)
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19 pages, 1745 KiB  
Review
Distinct Cargos of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Hypoxic Cells and Their Effect on Cancer Cells
by Geoffroy Walbrecq, Christiane Margue, Iris Behrmann and Stephanie Kreis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(14), 5071; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21145071 - 17 Jul 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3068
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common hallmark of solid tumors and is associated with aggressiveness, metastasis and poor outcome. Cancer cells under hypoxia undergo changes in metabolism and there is an intense crosstalk between cancer cells and cells from the tumor microenvironment. This crosstalk is [...] Read more.
Hypoxia is a common hallmark of solid tumors and is associated with aggressiveness, metastasis and poor outcome. Cancer cells under hypoxia undergo changes in metabolism and there is an intense crosstalk between cancer cells and cells from the tumor microenvironment. This crosstalk is facilitated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; diameter between 30 and 200 nm), including exosomes and microvesicles, which carry a cargo of proteins, mRNA, ncRNA and other biological molecules. Hypoxia is known to increase secretion of sEVs and has an impact on the composition of the cargo. This sEV-mediated crosstalk ultimately leads to various biological effects in the proximal tumor microenvironment but also at distant, future metastatic sites. In this review, we discuss the changes induced by hypoxia on sEV secretion and their cargo as well as their effects on the behavior and metabolism of cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment and metastatic events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Tumor Microenvironment)
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