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Bacterial Infections and Immunodeficiency: New Insights into an Old Story

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2020) | Viewed by 14415

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza, Università di Roma, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy
Interests: primary immunodeficiencies; vaccines; anti-infectious immunity; mucosal immunity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this update on bacterial infections and primary immunodeficiency (PID) is to provide new insights into the current state of knowledge on the interaction between microbes and humans. PID diseases were first recognized in patients with an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections resulting from defined genetic defects of the immune system. The susceptibility might be to many or few pathogens and might cause a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild to life-threatening infections. In recent years, our knowledge of the pathogenesis of abnormalities of the interplay between bacteria and the immune protective mechanisms has increased due the growth number of patients recognized as affected by a PID disease, the identification of new PID entities, better knowledge of the local immunity, bacterial colonization and microbiota composition, and new information on bacterial virulence factors. In the light of these recent data, the bacteria–human relationship needs to be periodically updated to provide information for future therapeutic strategies.

Prof. Dr. Isabella Quinti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Primary immune deficiencies
  • Genetic defects
  • Immune pathways
  • Bacterial infections
  • Bacterial susceptibility
  • Bacterial virulence
  • Immune defects
  • Bacterial colonization
  • Microbiota
  • Anti-microbial treatments

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2999 KiB  
Article
The Importance of Porins and β-Lactamase in Outer Membrane Vesicles on the Hydrolysis of β-Lactam Antibiotics
by Si Won Kim, Jung Seok Lee, Seong Bin Park, Ae Rin Lee, Jae Wook Jung, Jin Hong Chun, Jassy Mary S. Lazarte, Jaesung Kim, Jong-Su Seo, Jong-Hwan Kim, Jong-Wook Song, Min Woo Ha, Kim D. Thompson, Chang-Ro Lee, Myunghwan Jung and Tae Sung Jung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(8), 2822; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21082822 - 17 Apr 2020
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 7761
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane inhibiting the entry of antibiotics. Porins, found within the outer membrane, are involved in regulating the permeability of β-lactam antibiotics. β-lactamases are enzymes that are able to inactivate the antibacterial properties of β-lactam antibiotics. Interestingly, porins and [...] Read more.
Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane inhibiting the entry of antibiotics. Porins, found within the outer membrane, are involved in regulating the permeability of β-lactam antibiotics. β-lactamases are enzymes that are able to inactivate the antibacterial properties of β-lactam antibiotics. Interestingly, porins and β-lactamase are found in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli and may be involved in the survival of susceptible strains of E. coli in the presence of antibiotics, through the hydrolysis of the β-lactam antibiotic. In this study, OMVs isolated from β-lactam-resistant E. coli and from mutants, lacking porin or β-lactamase, were evaluated to establish if the porins or β-lactamase in OMVs were involved in the degradation of β-lactam antibiotics. OMVs isolated from E. coli deficient in β-lactamase did not show any degradation ability against β-lactam antibiotics, while OMVs lacking OmpC or OmpF showed significantly lower levels of hydrolyzing activity than OMVs from parent E. coli. These data reveal an important role of OMVs in bacterial defense mechanisms demonstrating that the OmpC and OmpF proteins allow permeation of β-lactam antibiotics into the lumen of OMVs, and antibiotics that enter the OMVs can be degraded by β-lactamase. Full article
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Review

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15 pages, 835 KiB  
Review
Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections
by Yuko Abe, Kiyoharu Fukushima, Yuki Hosono, Yuki Matsumoto, Daisuke Motooka, Naoko Ose, Shota Nakamura, Seigo Kitada, Hiroshi Kida and Atsushi Kumanogoh
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(12), 4351; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21124351 - 18 Jun 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6102
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are steadily increasing worldwide, partially due to the increased incidence of immunocompromised conditions, such as the post-transplantation state. The importance of proper diagnosis and management of NTM infection has been recently recognized. Host immunological [...] Read more.
The incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are steadily increasing worldwide, partially due to the increased incidence of immunocompromised conditions, such as the post-transplantation state. The importance of proper diagnosis and management of NTM infection has been recently recognized. Host immunological responses play integral roles in vulnerability to NTM infections, and may contribute to the onset of specific types of NTM infection. Furthermore, distinct NTM species are known to affect and attenuate these host immune responses in unique manners. Therefore, host immune responses must be understood with respect to each causative NTM species. Here, we review innate, cellular-mediated, and humoral immunity to NTM and provide perspectives on novel diagnostic approaches regarding each NTM species. Full article
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