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Pigments and Volatiles in Flowers
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Pigments and Volatiles in Flowers

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 10945

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ángela Rubio-Moraga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Universidad de C.-La Mancha
Interests: pigmets; volatiles; saffron; flowers; secondary metabolites; phenols

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants biosynthesize secondary metabolites that can be useful in various applications, including health promotion, thanks to their organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity. Moreover, pigments such as carotenoids, apocarotenoids, and polyphenols and volatiles such as fatty acid derivatives, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids contribute to attracting pollinators to flowers and to facilitating seed dispersal by animals. The interactions between colour and volatile pathways and their regulation are still unknown, although it has been found that some transcription factors involved are common. The roles of these metabolites in plant biotic or abiotic stress and plant communication are also still unclear. This Special Issue “Pigments and Volatiles in Flowers” will present a selection of recent research studies, review articles, experimental papers, and commentaries about the interactions between different pathways in plant metabolism, their role in plants under biotic and abiotic stress, the molecular basis behind such responses, and their influence on the communication between plants and on pest control. Moreover, papers describing new analytical techniques that facilitate the omic analysis of the interactions between plant pigments and/or volatiles will be welcome.

Dr. Ángela Rubio-Moraga
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pigments
  • volatiles
  • phenols
  • flowers
  • aroma
  • chlorophylls
  • carotenoids

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5893 KiB  
Article
A New Glycosyltransferase Enzyme from Family 91, UGT91P3, Is Responsible for the Final Glucosylation Step of Crocins in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
by Alberto José López-jimenez, Sarah Frusciante, Enrique Niza, Oussama Ahrazem, Ángela Rubio-Moraga, Gianfranco Diretto and Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8815; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22168815 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3133
Abstract
Crocetin is an apocarotenoid formed from the oxidative cleavage of zeaxanthin, by the carotenoid cleavage enzymes CCD2 (in Crocus species) and specific CCD4 enzymes in Buddleja davidii and Gardenia jasminoides. Crocetin accumulates in the stigma of saffron in the form of glucosides and [...] Read more.
Crocetin is an apocarotenoid formed from the oxidative cleavage of zeaxanthin, by the carotenoid cleavage enzymes CCD2 (in Crocus species) and specific CCD4 enzymes in Buddleja davidii and Gardenia jasminoides. Crocetin accumulates in the stigma of saffron in the form of glucosides and crocins, which contain one to five glucose molecules. Crocetin glycosylation was hypothesized to involve at least two enzymes from superfamily 1 UDP-sugar dependent glycosyltransferases. One of them, UGT74AD1, produces crocins with one and two glucose molecules, which are substrates for a second UGT, which could belong to the UGT79, 91, or 94 families. An in silico search of Crocus transcriptomes revealed six candidate UGT genes from family 91. The transcript profiles of one of them, UGT91P3, matched the metabolite profile of crocin accumulation, and were co-expressed with UGT74AD1. In addition, both UGTs interact in a two-hybrid assay. Recombinant UGT91P3 produced mostly crocins with four and five glucose molecules in vitro, and in a combined transient expression assay with CCD2 and UGT74AD1 enzymes in Nicotiana benthamiana. These results suggest a role of UGT91P3 in the biosynthesis of highly glucosylated crocins in saffron, and that it represents the last missing gene in crocins biosynthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pigments and Volatiles in Flowers)
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22 pages, 8425 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome-Based WGCNA Analysis Reveals Regulated Metabolite Fluxes between Floral Color and Scent in Narcissus tazetta Flower
by Jingwen Yang, Yujun Ren, Deyu Zhang, Xuewei Chen, Jiazhi Huang, Yun Xu, Cristina Belén Aucapiña, Yu Zhang and Ying Miao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 8249; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22158249 - 31 Jul 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3997
Abstract
A link between the scent and color of Narcissus tazetta flowers can be anticipated due to their biochemical origin, as well as their similar biological role. Despite the obvious aesthetic and ecological significance of these colorful and fragrant components of the flowers and [...] Read more.
A link between the scent and color of Narcissus tazetta flowers can be anticipated due to their biochemical origin, as well as their similar biological role. Despite the obvious aesthetic and ecological significance of these colorful and fragrant components of the flowers and the molecular profiles of their pigments, fragrant formation has addressed in some cases. However, the regulatory mechanism of the correlation of fragrant components and color patterns is less clear. We simultaneously used one way to address how floral color and fragrant formation in different tissues are generated during the development of an individual plant by transcriptome-based weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A spatiotemporal pattern variation of flavonols/carotenoids/chlorophyll pigmentation and benzenoid/phenylpropanoid/ monoterpene fragrant components between the tepal and corona in the flower tissues of Narcissus tazetta, was exhibited. Several candidate transcription factors: MYB12, MYB1, AP2-ERF, bZIP, NAC, MYB, C2C2, C2H2 and GRAS are shown to be associated with metabolite flux, the phenylpropanoid pathway to the production of flavonols/anthocyanin, as well as related to one branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway to the benzenoid/phenylpropanoid component in the tepal and the metabolite flux between the monoterpene and carotenoids biosynthesis pathway in coronas. It indicates that potential competition exists between floral pigment and floral fragrance during Narcissus tazetta individual plant development and evolutionary development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pigments and Volatiles in Flowers)
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27 pages, 5378 KiB  
Article
An Integrated—Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L.
by Bettina Dudek, Anne-Christin Warskulat, Heiko Vogel, Natalie Wielsch, Riya Christina Menezes, Yvonne Hupfer, Christian Paetz, Steffi Gebauer-Jung, Aleš Svatoš and Bernd Schneider
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(8), 4129; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22084129 - 16 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2837
Abstract
Flower colour is an important trait for plants to attract pollinators and ensure their reproductive success. Among yellow flower pigments, the nudicaulins in Papaver nudicaule L. (Iceland poppy) are unique due to their rarity and unparalleled flavoalkaloid structure. Nudicaulins are derived from pelargonidin [...] Read more.
Flower colour is an important trait for plants to attract pollinators and ensure their reproductive success. Among yellow flower pigments, the nudicaulins in Papaver nudicaule L. (Iceland poppy) are unique due to their rarity and unparalleled flavoalkaloid structure. Nudicaulins are derived from pelargonidin glycoside and indole, products of the flavonoid and indole/tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, respectively. To gain insight into the molecular and chemical basis of nudicaulin biosynthesis, we combined transcriptome, differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE)-based proteome, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)-based metabolome data of P. nudicaule petals with chemical investigations. We identified candidate genes and proteins for all biosynthetic steps as well as some key metabolites across five stages of petal development. Candidate genes of amino acid biosynthesis showed a relatively stable expression throughout petal development, whereas most candidate genes of flavonoid biosynthesis showed increasing expression during development followed by downregulation in the final stage. Notably, gene candidates of indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase (IGL), sharing characteristic sequence motifs with known plant IGL genes, were co-expressed with flavonoid biosynthesis genes, and are probably providing free indole. The fusion of indole with pelargonidin glycosides was retraced synthetically and promoted by high precursor concentrations, an excess of indole, and a specific glycosylation pattern of pelargonidin. Thus, nudicaulin biosynthesis combines the enzymatic steps of two different pathways with a spontaneous fusion of indole and pelargonidin glycoside under precisely tuned reaction conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pigments and Volatiles in Flowers)
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