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Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0
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Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 48641

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tania Fiaschi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “M. Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Interests: skeletal muscle; cancer cachexia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Adiponectin is an adipokine circulating in the blood stream and is locally produced by various tissues. The main effect of adiponectin concerns metabolism regulation, since it controls glucose and triglyceride homeostasis, thus helping insulin action in healthy tissues, such as liver and skeletal muscle. Obesity and metabolic syndrome lead to adiponectin decrease, thus predisposing diabetes onset. However, growing evidence suggests a more pleiotropic role of the hormone in different tissues. Adiponectin affects autophagy, cell differentiation, and stem cell behavior, while hypoadiponectinemia has been correlated with several types of cancers. The Special Issue on the topic of “Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action” in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences will include a selection of research papers and reviews about various aspects of the molecular and cellular biology of adiponectin. In addition, studies on molecules able to modulate adiponectin signaling, and their possible use in the treatment of pathologies in which adiponectin is involved, will also be considered.

Dr. Tania Fiaschi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Adiponectin
  •  Metabolism
  • Cell signaling
  • Differentiation
  • Stem cells
  • Cancer

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 5204 KiB  
Article
Overexpression of Adiponectin Receptor 1 Inhibits Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue Activity in Mice
by Yu-Jen Chen, Chiao-Wei Lin, Yu-Ju Peng, Chao-Wei Huang, Yi-Shan Chien, Tzu-Hsuan Huang, Pei-Xin Liao, Wen-Yuan Yang, Mei-Hui Wang, Harry J. Mersmann, Shinn-Chih Wu, Tai-Yuan Chuang, Yuan-Yu Lin, Wen-Hung Kuo and Shih-Torng Ding
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(2), 906; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22020906 - 18 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3572
Abstract
Adult humans and mice possess significant classical brown adipose tissues (BAT) and, upon cold-induction, acquire brown-like adipocytes in certain depots of white adipose tissues (WAT), known as beige adipose tissues or WAT browning/beiging. Activating thermogenic classical BAT or WAT beiging to generate heat [...] Read more.
Adult humans and mice possess significant classical brown adipose tissues (BAT) and, upon cold-induction, acquire brown-like adipocytes in certain depots of white adipose tissues (WAT), known as beige adipose tissues or WAT browning/beiging. Activating thermogenic classical BAT or WAT beiging to generate heat limits diet-induced obesity or type-2 diabetes in mice. Adiponectin is a beneficial adipokine resisting diabetes, and causing “healthy obese” by increasing WAT expansion to limit lipotoxicity in other metabolic tissues during high-fat feeding. However, the role of its receptors, especially adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), on cold-induced thermogenesis in vivo in BAT and in WAT beiging is still elusive. Here, we established a cold-induction procedure in transgenic mice over-expressing AdipoR1 and applied a live 3-D [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) scanning to measure BAT activity by determining glucose uptake in cold-acclimated transgenic mice. Results showed that cold-acclimated mice over-expressing AdipoR1 had diminished cold-induced glucose uptake, enlarged adipocyte size in BAT and in browned WAT, and reduced surface BAT/body temperature in vivo. Furthermore, decreased gene expression, related to thermogenic Ucp1, BAT-specific markers, BAT-enriched mitochondrial markers, lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation, and increased expression of whitening genes in BAT or in browned subcutaneous inguinal WAT of AdipoR1 mice are congruent with results of PET/CT scanning and surface body temperature in vivo. Moreover, differentiated brown-like beige adipocytes isolated from pre-adipocytes in subcutaneous WAT of transgenic AdipoR1 mice also had similar effects of lowered expression of thermogenic Ucp1, BAT selective markers, and BAT mitochondrial markers. Therefore, this study combines in vitro and in vivo results with live 3-D scanning and reveals one of the many facets of the adiponectin receptors in regulating energy homeostasis, especially in the involvement of cold-induced thermogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0)
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20 pages, 4746 KiB  
Article
Adiponectin Exerts Peripheral Inhibitory Effects on the Mouse Gastric Smooth Muscle through the AMPK Pathway
by Eglantina Idrizaj, Rachele Garella, Silvia Nistri, Alfonso Dell’Accio, Emanuele Cassioli, Eleonora Rossi, Giovanni Castellini, Valdo Ricca, Roberta Squecco and Maria Caterina Baccari
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(24), 9617; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21249617 - 17 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1932
Abstract
Some adipokines, such as adiponectin (ADPN), other than being implicated in the central regulation of feeding behavior, may influence gastric motor responses, which are a source of peripheral signals that also influence food intake. The present study aims to elucidate the signaling pathways [...] Read more.
Some adipokines, such as adiponectin (ADPN), other than being implicated in the central regulation of feeding behavior, may influence gastric motor responses, which are a source of peripheral signals that also influence food intake. The present study aims to elucidate the signaling pathways through which ADPN exerts its actions in the mouse gastric fundus. To this purpose, we used a multidisciplinary approach. The mechanical results showed that ADPN caused a decay of the strip basal tension, which was abolished by the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor, L-NG-nitro arginine (L-NNA). The electrophysiological experiments confirmed that all ADPN effects were abolished by L-NNA, except for the reduction of Ca2+ current, which was instead prevented by the inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), dorsomorphin. The activation of the AMPK signaling by ADPN was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis, which also revealed the ADPN R1 receptor (AdipoR1) expression in glial cells of the myenteric plexus. In conclusion, our results indicate that ADPN exerts an inhibitory action on the gastric smooth muscle by acting on AdipoR1 and involving the AMPK signaling pathway at the peripheral level. These findings provide novel bases for considering AMPK as a possible pharmacologic target for the potential treatment of obesity and eating disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0)
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Review

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17 pages, 2751 KiB  
Review
Adiponectin in Chronic Kidney Disease
by Jarosław Przybyciński, Violetta Dziedziejko, Kamila Puchałowicz, Leszek Domański and Andrzej Pawlik
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(24), 9375; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21249375 - 09 Dec 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3616
Abstract
Adiponectin is the adipokine associated with insulin sensitization, reducing liver gluconeogenesis, and increasing fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Adiponectin is present in the kidneys, mainly in the arterial endothelium and smooth muscle cells, as well as in the capillary endothelium, and might [...] Read more.
Adiponectin is the adipokine associated with insulin sensitization, reducing liver gluconeogenesis, and increasing fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Adiponectin is present in the kidneys, mainly in the arterial endothelium and smooth muscle cells, as well as in the capillary endothelium, and might be considered as a marker of many negative factors in chronic kidney disease. The last few years have brought a rising body of evidence that adiponectin is a multipotential protein with anti-inflammatory, metabolic, anti-atherogenic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) protective actions. Similarly, adiponectin has shown many positive and direct actions in kidney diseases, and among many kidney cells. Data from large cross-sectional and cohort studies showed a positive correlation between serum adiponectin and mortality in chronic kidney disease. This suggests a complex interaction between local adiponectin action, comorbidities, and uremic milieu. In this review we discuss the role of adiponectin in chronic kidney disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0)
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19 pages, 1163 KiB  
Review
Adiponectin Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Nutrition Review
by Rita Polito, Irene Di Meo, Michelangela Barbieri, Aurora Daniele, Giuseppe Paolisso and Maria Rosaria Rizzo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(23), 9255; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21239255 - 04 Dec 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4131
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine produced by adipose tissue. It has numerous beneficial effects. In particular, it improves metabolic effects and glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and is involved in the regulation of cytokine profile and immune cell production, having anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects. Adiponectin’s [...] Read more.
Adiponectin is an adipokine produced by adipose tissue. It has numerous beneficial effects. In particular, it improves metabolic effects and glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and is involved in the regulation of cytokine profile and immune cell production, having anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects. Adiponectin’s role is already known in immune diseases and also in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are a set of diseases of the central nervous system, characterized by a chronic and selective process of neuron cell death, which occurs mainly in relation to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Lifestyle is able to influence the development of these diseases. In particular, unhealthy nutrition on gut microbiota, influences its composition and predisposition to develop many diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, given the importance of the “gut-brain” axis. There is a strong interplay between Adiponectin, gut microbiota, and brain-gut axis. For these reasons, a healthy diet composed of healthy nutrients such as probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols, can prevent many metabolic and inflammatory diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. The special Adiponectin role should be taken into account also, in order to be able to use this component as a therapeutic molecule. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0)
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14 pages, 1210 KiB  
Review
Role of Adiponectin in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
by Kamila Szumilas, Paweł Szumilas, Sylwia Słuczanowska-Głąbowska, Katarzyna Zgutka and Andrzej Pawlik
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(21), 8265; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21218265 - 04 Nov 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3156
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, characterized by progressive articular damage and joint dysfunction. One of the symptoms of this disease is persistent inflammatory infiltration of the synovial membrane, the principle site of inflammation in RA. In the [...] Read more.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, characterized by progressive articular damage and joint dysfunction. One of the symptoms of this disease is persistent inflammatory infiltration of the synovial membrane, the principle site of inflammation in RA. In the affected conditions, the cells of the synovial membrane, fibroblast-like synoviocytes and macrophage-like synovial cells, produce enzymes degrading cartilage and underlining bone tissue, as well as cytokines increasing the infiltration of immune cells. In patients with RA, higher levels of adiponectin are measured in the serum and synovial fluid. Adiponectin, a secretory product that is mainly white adipose tissue, is a multifunctional protein with dual anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties. Several studies underline the fact that adiponectin can play an important pro-inflammatory role in the pathophysiology of RA via stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. This narrative review is devoted to the presentation of recent knowledge on the role played by one of the adipokines produced by adipose tissue—adiponectin—in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0)
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24 pages, 2082 KiB  
Review
Data on Adiponectin from 2010 to 2020: Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Factor for Liver Diseases?
by Misaq Heydari, María Eugenia Cornide-Petronio, Mónica B. Jiménez-Castro and Carmen Peralta
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(15), 5242; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21155242 - 23 Jul 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3293
Abstract
The review describes the role of adiponectin in liver diseases in the presence and absence of surgery reported in the literature in the last ten years. The most updated therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of adiponectin including pharmacological and surgical interventions and [...] Read more.
The review describes the role of adiponectin in liver diseases in the presence and absence of surgery reported in the literature in the last ten years. The most updated therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of adiponectin including pharmacological and surgical interventions and adiponectin knockout rodents, as well as some of the scientific controversies in this field, are described. Whether adiponectin could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver diseases and patients submitted to hepatic resection or liver transplantation are discussed. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical data on the mechanism of action of adiponectin in different liver diseases (nonalcoholic fatty disease, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) in the absence or presence of surgery are evaluated in order to establish potential targets that might be useful for the treatment of liver disease as well as in the practice of liver surgery associated with the hepatic resections of tumors and liver transplantation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0)
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21 pages, 2105 KiB  
Review
Adiponectin and Its Mimics on Skeletal Muscle: Insulin Sensitizers, Fat Burners, Exercise Mimickers, Muscling Pills … or Everything Together?
by Michel Abou-Samra, Camille M. Selvais, Nicolas Dubuisson and Sonia M. Brichard
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(7), 2620; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21072620 - 09 Apr 2020
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 7482
Abstract
Adiponectin (ApN) is a hormone abundantly secreted by adipocytes and it is known to be tightly linked to the metabolic syndrome. It promotes insulin-sensitizing, fat-burning, and anti-atherosclerotic actions, thereby effectively counteracting several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. ApN [...] Read more.
Adiponectin (ApN) is a hormone abundantly secreted by adipocytes and it is known to be tightly linked to the metabolic syndrome. It promotes insulin-sensitizing, fat-burning, and anti-atherosclerotic actions, thereby effectively counteracting several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. ApN is also known today to possess powerful anti-inflammatory/oxidative and pro-myogenic effects on skeletal muscles exposed to acute or chronic inflammation and injury, mainly through AdipoR1 (ApN specific muscle receptor) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, but also via T-cadherin. In this review, we will report all the beneficial and protective properties that ApN can exert, specifically on the skeletal muscle as a target tissue. We will highlight its effects and mechanisms of action, first in healthy skeletal muscle including exercised muscle, and second in diseased muscle from a variety of pathological conditions. In the end, we will go over some of AdipoRs agonists that can be easily produced and administered, and which can greatly mimic ApN. These interesting and newly identified molecules could pave the way towards future therapeutic approaches to potentially prevent or combat not only skeletal muscle disorders but also a plethora of other diseases with sterile inflammation or metabolic dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0)
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14 pages, 646 KiB  
Review
Adiponectin and Cognitive Decline
by Maria Rosaria Rizzo, Renata Fasano and Giuseppe Paolisso
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(6), 2010; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21062010 - 16 Mar 2020
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 6510
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADPN) is a plasma protein secreted by adipose tissue showing pleiotropic effects with anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Initially, it was thought that the main role was only the metabolism control. Later, ADPN receptors were also found in the central nervous system [...] Read more.
Adiponectin (ADPN) is a plasma protein secreted by adipose tissue showing pleiotropic effects with anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Initially, it was thought that the main role was only the metabolism control. Later, ADPN receptors were also found in the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, the receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are expressed in various areas of the brain, including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex. While AdipoR1 regulates insulin sensitivity through the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, AdipoR2 stimulates the neural plasticity through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) pathway that inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, based on its central and peripheral actions, ADPN appears to have neuroprotective effects by reducing inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (PCR), interleukin 6 (IL6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor a (TNFa). Conversely, high levels of inflammatory cascade factors appear to inhibit the production of ADPN, suggesting bidirectional modulation. In addition, ADPN appears to have insulin-sensitizing action. It is known that a reduction in insulin signaling is associated with cognitive impairment. Based on this, it is of great interest to investigate the mechanism of restoration of the insulin signal in the brain as an action of ADPN, because it is useful for testing a possible pharmacological treatment for the improvement of cognitive decline. Anyway, if ADPN regulates neuronal functioning and cognitive performances by the glycemic metabolic system remains poorly explored. Moreover, although the mechanism is still unclear, women compared to men have a doubled risk of developing cognitive decline. Several studies have also supported that during the menopausal transition, the estrogen reduction can adversely affect the brain, in particular, verbal memory and verbal fluency. During the postmenopausal period, in obese and insulin-resistant individuals, ADPN serum levels are significantly reduced. Our recent study has evaluated the relationship between plasma ADPN levels and cognitive performances in menopausal women. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize both the mechanisms and the effects of ADPN in the central nervous system and the relationship between plasma ADPN levels and cognitive performances, also in menopausal women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0)
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23 pages, 2253 KiB  
Review
Multifaceted Physiological Roles of Adiponectin in Inflammation and Diseases
by Hyung Muk Choi, Hari Madhuri Doss and Kyoung Soo Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(4), 1219; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21041219 - 12 Feb 2020
Cited by 236 | Viewed by 9604
Abstract
Adiponectin is the richest adipokine in human plasma, and it is mainly secreted from white adipose tissue. Adiponectin circulates in blood as high-molecular, middle-molecular, and low-molecular weight isoforms. Numerous studies have demonstrated its insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, decreased serum levels of [...] Read more.
Adiponectin is the richest adipokine in human plasma, and it is mainly secreted from white adipose tissue. Adiponectin circulates in blood as high-molecular, middle-molecular, and low-molecular weight isoforms. Numerous studies have demonstrated its insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, decreased serum levels of adiponectin is associated with chronic inflammation of metabolic disorders including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. However, recent studies showed that adiponectin could have pro-inflammatory roles in patients with autoimmune diseases. In particular, its high serum level was positively associated with inflammation severity and pathological progression in rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, adiponectin seems to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This indirectly indicates that adiponectin has different physiological roles according to an isoform and effector tissue. Knowledge on the specific functions of isoforms would help develop potential anti-inflammatory therapeutics to target specific adiponectin isoforms against metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current roles of adiponectin in metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0)
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14 pages, 817 KiB  
Review
Adiponectin and Cardiovascular Risk. From Pathophysiology to Clinic: Focus on Children and Adolescents
by Antonina Orlando, Elisa Nava, Marco Giussani and Simonetta Genovesi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(13), 3228; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms20133228 - 30 Jun 2019
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 4467
Abstract
Adiponectin (Ad) is a cytokine produced by adipocytes that acts on specific receptors of several tissues through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling mechanisms. Ad is involved in the regulation of cell survival, cell growth, and apoptosis. Furthermore, Ad plays an important pathophysiological role [...] Read more.
Adiponectin (Ad) is a cytokine produced by adipocytes that acts on specific receptors of several tissues through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling mechanisms. Ad is involved in the regulation of cell survival, cell growth, and apoptosis. Furthermore, Ad plays an important pathophysiological role in metabolic activities by acting on peripheral tissues involved in glucose and lipid metabolism such as skeletal muscle, and the liver. Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and insulin-sensitizing effects. For this reason, low levels of Ad are associated with the development of cardiovascular complications of obesity in adulthood. Numerous studies have shown that, even in children and adolescents, Ad is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In obese children, reduced levels of Ad have been reported and Ad plasma levels are inversely related with abdominal obesity. Moreover, lower Ad concentrations are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and hypertension in pediatric subjects. In addition to a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, plasma values of Ad are also inversely associated with early organ damage, such as an increase in carotid intima-media thickness. It has been suggested that low Ad levels in childhood might predict the development of atherosclerosis in adulthood, suggesting the possibility of using Ad to stratify cardiovascular risk in obese children. Some evidence suggests that lifestyle modification may increase Ad plasma levels. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence on the relationship between Ad, obesity, metabolic alterations and hypertension in children and adolescents, and to address the possibility that Ad represents an early marker of cardiovascular risk in pediatric subjects. Furthermore, the effects of non-pharmacological treatment (weight loss and physical activity) on Ad levels are considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action 2.0)
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