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Inhalation Immunotoxicology
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Inhalation Immunotoxicology

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2022) | Viewed by 4199

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ken-ichiro Inoue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
Interests: chemicals; PM2.5; allergy; respiratory medicine; PAH
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inhalation immunotoxicology is a comprehensive exploration of the effects of various inhaled materials upon the immune systems. These materials may contain suspended particulate matter including diesel exhaust (DE), Kosa, and nanomaterials such as carbon particles, titanium, silica, and carbon nanotubes. 

Inhaled materials frequently influence respiratory and immune systems. For instance, DE worsens allergic asthma, amplifying the Th2/Th17 immune response in the lung. However, the effects sometimes expands to extrathoracic areas. Some nanomaterials may facilitate collagen vascular diseases. 

This Special Issue, “Inhalation immunotoxicology”, aims to provide a summary of the field, to explore recent advances in the effects of airborne particles/materials on several immune systems, and to discuss causal machinery. We invite authors to submit original research and review articles related to any of these aspects.

Dr. Ken-ichiro Inoue
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inhaled materials
  • immune systems
  • respiratory systems
  • allergy
  • autoimmunity

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 6911 KiB  
Article
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Epithelial Cell Signature of Multiple Subtypes in Chemically Induced Acute Lung Injury
by Chao Cao, Obulkasim Memete, Yiru Shao, Lin Zhang, Fuli Liu, Yu Dun, Daikun He, Jian Zhou and Jie Shen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 277; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24010277 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1786
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) play a role in chemically induced acute lung injury (CALI). However, the mechanisms that induce alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s) to proliferate, exit the cell cycle, and transdifferentiate into alveolar epithelial type 1 cells (AEC1s) are unclear. Here, [...] Read more.
Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) play a role in chemically induced acute lung injury (CALI). However, the mechanisms that induce alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s) to proliferate, exit the cell cycle, and transdifferentiate into alveolar epithelial type 1 cells (AEC1s) are unclear. Here, we investigated the epithelial cell types and states in a phosgene-induced CALI rat model. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from phosgene-induced CALI rat models (Gas) and normal controls (NC) was performed. From the NC and Gas BALF samples, 37,245 and 29,853 high-quality cells were extracted, respectively. All cell types and states were identified and divided into 23 clusters; three cell types were identified: macrophages, epithelial cells, and macrophage proliferating cells. From NC and Gas samples, 1315 and 1756 epithelial cells were extracted, respectively, and divided into 11 clusters. The number of AEC1s decreased considerably following phosgene inhalation. A unique SOX9-positive AEC2 cell type that expanded considerably in the CALI state was identified. This progenitor cell type may develop into alveolar cells, indicating its stem cell differentiation potential. We present a single-cell genome-scale transcription map that can help uncover disease-associated cytologic signatures for understanding biological changes and regeneration of lung tissues during CALI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhalation Immunotoxicology)
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13 pages, 2434 KiB  
Article
Differential Performance and Lung Deposition of Levofloxacin with Different Nebulisers Used in Cystic Fibrosis
by Carsten Schwarz, Claudio Procaccianti, Laura Costa, Riccardo Brini, Richard Friend, Grazia Caivano, Hosein Sadafi, Charles Mussche, Nicolas Schwenck, Michael Hahn, Xabier Murgia and Federico Bianco
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9597; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23179597 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1877
Abstract
We compared the performance and levofloxacin (Quinsair) lung deposition of three nebulisers commonly used in CF (I-Neb Advance, eFlow rapid, and LC Plus) with the approved nebuliser Zirela. The delivered dose, delivery rate, and aerosol particle size distribution (APSD) for each device were [...] Read more.
We compared the performance and levofloxacin (Quinsair) lung deposition of three nebulisers commonly used in CF (I-Neb Advance, eFlow rapid, and LC Plus) with the approved nebuliser Zirela. The delivered dose, delivery rate, and aerosol particle size distribution (APSD) for each device were determined using the methods described in the Pharmacopeia. High-resolution computed tomography scans obtained from seven adult patients with mild CF were used to generate computer-aided, three-dimensional models of their airway tree to assess lung deposition using functional respiratory imaging (FRI). The eFlow rapid and the LC Plus showed poor delivery efficiencies due to their high residual volumes. The I-Neb, which only delivers aerosols during the inspiratory phase, achieved the highest aerosol delivery efficiency. However, the I-Neb showed the largest particle size and lowest delivery rate (2.9 mg/min), which were respectively associated with a high extrathoracic deposition and extremely long nebulisation times (>20 min). Zirela showed the best performance considering delivery efficiency (159.6 mg out of a nominal dose of 240 mg), delivery rate (43.5 mg/min), and lung deposition (20% of the nominal dose), requiring less than 5 min to deliver a full dose of levofloxacin. The present study supports the use of drug-specific nebulisers and discourages the off-label use of general-purpose devices with the present levofloxacin formulation since subtherapeutic lung doses and long nebulisation times may compromise treatment efficacy and adherence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhalation Immunotoxicology)
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