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Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy
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Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 30653

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Diego Tesauro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II" Via Mezzocannone,16 80134 Naples, Italy
Interests: Bioinorganic chemistry; Pharmainorganic chemistry; Drug Delivery; Peptide conjugate

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As is well known, the use of metal complexes for medical purposes has been diffuse since the historical age (or since the exitance of human beings). Transition metals have a long history as antibacterials and antivirals. In the previous century, fields of applications expanded, and in this one, many therapeutic treatments for most widespread diseases have been based on inorganic drugs. However, most of them show several drawbacks, such as severe side effects and reduction of activity during drug admirations. These issues push inorganic and medicinal researchers to find new inorganic compounds able to reduce side effects, interacting specifically with pathological districts. Furthermore, new imaging techniques for early diagnosis are based on contrast agents able to discriminate pathological tissues. These scenarios require innovative approaches to design inorganic compounds able to address drugs on targets. 

This Special Issue on “Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy” welcomes original research and reviews in this field, with a focus on all aspects of design, characterization, evaluation, and development of novel metal complexes able to interact with biological tissues, in order to fight diseases and to get cancer diagnoses and treatments.

Prof. Diego Tesauro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Inorganic metal drugs
  • Radiolabeled metal center
  • Paramagnetic compounds
  • Cancer therapy
  • Cancer diagnosis
  • Antimicrobial
  • Antiviral
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Diabetes

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 210 KiB  
Editorial
Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy
by Diego Tesauro
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(8), 4377; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23084377 - 15 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1453
Abstract
The use of metal complexes for health and healing has been in use for over the last several millennia and perhaps longer [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

11 pages, 3172 KiB  
Article
A Gadolinium(III) Complex Based on the Thymine Nucleobase with Properties Suitable for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
by Marta Orts-Arroyo, Amadeo Ten-Esteve, Sonia Ginés-Cárdenas, Isabel Castro, Luis Martí-Bonmatí and José Martínez-Lillo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 4586; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22094586 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2230
Abstract
The paramagnetic gadolinium(III) ion is used as contrast agent in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to improve the lesion detection and characterization. It generates a signal by changing the relaxivity of protons from associated water molecules and creates a clearer physical distinction between the [...] Read more.
The paramagnetic gadolinium(III) ion is used as contrast agent in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to improve the lesion detection and characterization. It generates a signal by changing the relaxivity of protons from associated water molecules and creates a clearer physical distinction between the molecule and the surrounding tissues. New gadolinium-based contrast agents displaying larger relaxivity values and specifically targeted might provide higher resolution and better functional images. We have synthesized the gadolinium(III) complex of formula [Gd(thy)2(H2O)6](ClO4)3·2H2O (1) [thy = 5-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione or thymine], which is the first reported compound based on gadolinium and thymine nucleobase. 1 has been characterized through UV-vis, IR, SEM-EDAX, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, and its magnetic and relaxometric properties have been investigated by means of SQUID magnetometer and MR imaging phantom studies, respectively. On the basis of its high relaxivity values, this gadolinium(III) complex can be considered a suitable candidate for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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15 pages, 7215 KiB  
Article
New Class of Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics Based on Gold (III) Complexes in Intestinal Inflammation–Proof of Concept Based on In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
by Julia B. Krajewska, Jakub Włodarczyk, Damian Jacenik, Radzisław Kordek, Przemysław Taciak, Remigiusz Szczepaniak and Jakub Fichna
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(6), 3121; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22063121 - 18 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2424
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are at the top of the worldwide rankings for gastrointestinal diseases as regards occurrence, yet efficient and side-effect-free treatments are currently unavailable. In the current study, we proposed a new concept for anti-inflammatory treatment based on gold (III) complexes. [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are at the top of the worldwide rankings for gastrointestinal diseases as regards occurrence, yet efficient and side-effect-free treatments are currently unavailable. In the current study, we proposed a new concept for anti-inflammatory treatment based on gold (III) complexes. A new gold (III) complex TGS 121 was designed and screened in the in vitro studies using a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, and in vivo, in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis. Physicochemical studies showed that TGS 121 was highly water-soluble; it was stable in water, blood, and lymph, and impervious to sunlight. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the complex showed a potent anti-inflammatory profile, as evidenced in neutral red uptake and Griess tests. In the DSS-induced mouse model of colitis, the complex administered in two doses (1.68 μg/kg, intragastrically, and 16.8 μg/kg, intragastrically, once daily) produced a significant (* p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effect, as shown by macroscopic score. The mechanism of action of TGS 121 was related to the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system; moreover, TGS 121 induced changes in the tight junction complexes expression in the intestinal wall. This is the first study proving that gold (III) complexes may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of IBD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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23 pages, 21104 KiB  
Article
Influence of Complexation of Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives with Cu (II) Ions on Their Antitumor Activity against Melanoma Cells
by Monika Pitucha, Agnieszka Korga-Plewko, Agnieszka Czylkowska, Bartłomiej Rogalewicz, Monika Drozd, Magdalena Iwan, Joanna Kubik, Ewelina Humeniuk, Grzegorz Adamczuk, Zbigniew Karczmarzyk, Emilia Fornal, Waldemar Wysocki and Paulina Bartnik
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(6), 3104; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063104 - 18 Mar 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5020
Abstract
A series of thiosemicarbazone derivatives was prepared and their anti-tumor activity in vitro was tested. The X-ray investigation performed for compounds T2, T3 and T5 confirmed the synthesis pathway and assumed molecular structures of analyzed thiosemicarbazones. The conformational preferences of the thiosemicarbazone system [...] Read more.
A series of thiosemicarbazone derivatives was prepared and their anti-tumor activity in vitro was tested. The X-ray investigation performed for compounds T2, T3 and T5 confirmed the synthesis pathway and assumed molecular structures of analyzed thiosemicarbazones. The conformational preferences of the thiosemicarbazone system were characterized using theoretical calculations by AM1 method. Selected compounds were converted into complexes of Cu (II) ions. The effect of complexing on anti-tumor activity has been investigated. The copper(II) complexes, with Schiff bases T1, T10, T12, T13, and T16 have been synthesized and characterized by chemical and elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and TGA method. Thermal properties of coordination compounds were studied using TG-DTG techniques under dry air atmosphere. G361, A375, and SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells and BJ human normal fibroblast cells were treated with tested compounds and their cytotoxicity was evaluated with MTT test. The compounds with the most promising anti-tumour activity were then selected and their cytotoxicity was verified with cell cycle analysis and apoptosis/necrosis detection. Additionally, DNA damages in the form of a basic sites presence and the expression of oxidative stress and DNA damage response genes were evaluated. The obtained results indicate that complexation of thiosemicarbazone derivatives with Cu (II) ions improves their antitumor activity against melanoma cells. The observed cytotoxic effect is associated with DNA damage and G2/M phase of cell cycle arrest as well as disorders of the antioxidant enzymes expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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11 pages, 2000 KiB  
Article
Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties
by Filippo Prencipe, Anna Zanfardino, Michela Di Napoli, Filomena Rossi, Stefano D’Errico, Gennaro Piccialli, Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi, Michele Saviano, Luisa Ronga, Mario Varcamonti and Diego Tesauro
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(5), 2497; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22052497 - 02 Mar 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2544
Abstract
The evolution of antibacterial resistance has arisen as the main downside in fighting bacterial infections pushing researchers to develop novel, more potent and multimodal alternative drugs.Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine due to the lack of [...] Read more.
The evolution of antibacterial resistance has arisen as the main downside in fighting bacterial infections pushing researchers to develop novel, more potent and multimodal alternative drugs.Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine due to the lack of silver resistance and the effectiveness at low concentration as well as to their low toxicities compared to the most commonly used antibiotics. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) have been extensively employed to coordinate transition metals mainly for catalytic chemistry. However, more recently, NHC ligands have been applied as carrier molecules for metals in anticancer applications. In the present study we selected from literature two NHC-carbene based on acridinescaffoldand detailed nonclassicalpyrazole derived mono NHC-Ag neutral and bis NHC-Ag cationic complexes. Their inhibitor effect on bacterial strains Gram-negative and positivewas evaluated. Imidazolium NHC silver complex containing the acridine chromophore showed effectiveness at extremely low MIC values. Although pyrazole NHC silver complexes are less active than the acridine NHC-silver, they represent the first example of this class of compounds with antimicrobial properties. Moreover all complexesare not toxic and they show not significant activity againstmammalian cells (Hek lines) after 4 and 24 h. Based on our experimental evidence, we are confident that this promising class of complexes could represent a valuable starting point for developing candidates for the treatment of bacterial infections, delivering great effectiveness and avoiding the development of resistance mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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16 pages, 942 KiB  
Article
Zinc(II) Complexes of Amino Acids as New Active Ingredients for Anti-Acne Dermatological Preparations
by Michał Abendrot, Elżbieta Płuciennik, Aleksandra Felczak, Katarzyna Zawadzka, Ewelina Piątczak, Piotr Nowaczyk and Urszula Kalinowska-Lis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(4), 1641; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22041641 - 06 Feb 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3990
Abstract
Zinc compounds have a number of beneficial properties for the skin, including antimicrobial, sebostatic and demulcent activities. The aim of the study was to develop new anti-acne preparations containing zinc–amino acid complexes as active ingredients. Firstly, the cytotoxicity of the zinc complexes was [...] Read more.
Zinc compounds have a number of beneficial properties for the skin, including antimicrobial, sebostatic and demulcent activities. The aim of the study was to develop new anti-acne preparations containing zinc–amino acid complexes as active ingredients. Firstly, the cytotoxicity of the zinc complexes was evaluated against human skin fibroblasts (1BR.3.N cell line) and human epidermal keratinocyte cell lines, and their antimicrobial activity was determined against Cutibacterium acnes. Then, zinc complexes of glycine and histidine were selected to create original gel formulations. The stability (by measuring pH, density and viscosity), microbiological purity (referring to PN-EN ISO standards) and efficacy of the preservative system (according to Ph. Eur. 10 methodology) for the preparations were evaluated. Skin tolerance was determined in a group of 25 healthy volunteers by the patch test. The preparations containing zinc(II) complexes with glycine and histidine as active substances can be topically used in the treatment of acne skin due to their high antibacterial activity against C. acnes and low cytotoxicity for the skin cells. Dermatological recipes have been appropriately composed; no irritation or allergy was observed, and the preparations showed high microbiological purity and physicochemical stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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14 pages, 3038 KiB  
Article
Fancy-Shaped Gold–Platinum Nanocauliflowers for Improved Proton Irradiation Effect on Colon Cancer Cells
by Bartosz Klebowski, Joanna Depciuch, Malgorzata Stec, Dawid Krzempek, Wiktor Komenda, Jarek Baran and Magdalena Parlinska-Wojtan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(24), 9610; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21249610 - 17 Dec 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2425
Abstract
Enhancing the effectiveness of colorectal cancer treatment is highly desirable. Radiation-based anticancer therapy—such as proton therapy (PT)—can be used to shrink tumors before subsequent surgical intervention; therefore, improving the effectiveness of this treatment is crucial. The addition of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), acting [...] Read more.
Enhancing the effectiveness of colorectal cancer treatment is highly desirable. Radiation-based anticancer therapy—such as proton therapy (PT)—can be used to shrink tumors before subsequent surgical intervention; therefore, improving the effectiveness of this treatment is crucial. The addition of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), acting as radiosensitizers, increases the PT therapeutic effect. Thus, in this paper, the effect of novel, gold–platinum nanocauliflowers (AuPt NCs) on PT efficiency is determined. For this purpose, crystalline, 66-nm fancy shaped, bimetallic AuPt NCs were synthesized using green chemistry method. Then, physicochemical characterization of the obtained AuPt NCs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-Vis spectra measurements was carried out. Fully characterized AuPt NCs were placed into a cell culture of colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, SW480, and SW620) and a normal colon cell line (FHC) and subsequently subjected to proton irradiation with a total dose of 15 Gy. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) test, performed after 18-h incubation of the irradiated cell culture with AuPt NCs, showed a significant reduction in cancer cell viability compared to normal cells. Thus, the radio-enhancing features of AuPt NCs indicate their potential application for the improvement in effectiveness of anticancer proton therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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14 pages, 3118 KiB  
Article
The Role of Copper (II) on Kininogen Binding to Tropomyosin in the Presence of a Histidine–Proline-Rich Peptide
by Anna Maria Santoro, Stefania Zimbone, Antonio Magrì, Diego La Mendola and Giulia Grasso
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(24), 9343; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21249343 - 08 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1720
Abstract
The antiangiogenic activity of the H/P domain of histidine–proline-rich glycoprotein is mediated by its binding with tropomyosin, a protein exposed on endothelial cell-surface during the angiogenic switch, in presence of zinc ions. Although it is known that copper ion serum concentration is significantly [...] Read more.
The antiangiogenic activity of the H/P domain of histidine–proline-rich glycoprotein is mediated by its binding with tropomyosin, a protein exposed on endothelial cell-surface during the angiogenic switch, in presence of zinc ions. Although it is known that copper ion serum concentration is significantly increased in cancer patients, its role in the interaction of H/P domain with tropomyosin, has not yet been studied. In this paper, by using ELISA assay, we determined the modulating effect of TetraHPRG peptide, a sequence of 20 aa belonging to H/P domain, on the binding of Kininogen (HKa) with tropomyosin, both in absence and presence of copper and zinc ions. A potentiometric study was carried out to characterize the binding mode adopted by metal ions with TetraHPRG, showing the formation of complex species involving imidazole amide nitrogen atoms in metal binding. Moreover, circular dichroism showed a conformational modification of ternary systems formed by TetraHPRG, HKa and copper or zinc. Interestingly, slight pH variation influenced the HKa-TetraHPRG-tropomyosin binding. All these results indicate that both metal ions are crucial in the interaction between TetraHPRG, tropomyosin and HKa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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26 pages, 7518 KiB  
Article
Structural Insights into New Bi(III) Coordination Polymers with Pyridine-2,3-Dicarboxylic Acid: Photoluminescence Properties and Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity
by Mateusz Kowalik, Joanna Masternak, Iwona Łakomska, Katarzyna Kazimierczuk, Anna Zawilak-Pawlik, Piotr Szczepanowski, Oleksiy V. Khavryuchenko and Barbara Barszcz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(22), 8696; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21228696 - 18 Nov 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2403
Abstract
Two novel coordination polymers, [Bi2(2,3pydc)2(2,3pydcH)2(H2O)]n (1) and {(Et3NH)2[Bi(2,3pydc)(2,3pydcH)Cl2]}n (2) were prepared using as a prolinker pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (2,3pydcH2). The obtained complexes [...] Read more.
Two novel coordination polymers, [Bi2(2,3pydc)2(2,3pydcH)2(H2O)]n (1) and {(Et3NH)2[Bi(2,3pydc)(2,3pydcH)Cl2]}n (2) were prepared using as a prolinker pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (2,3pydcH2). The obtained complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis, TG/DTG, FT-IR, solid-state photoluminescence, DFT calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The obtained complexes crystallized in the triclinic P-1 space group (1) and comprise dimeric units with two crystallographically different Bi(III) centers (polyhedra: distorted pentagonal bipyramid and bicapped trigonal prism) and monoclinic P21/c space group (2) with a distorted monocapped pentagonal bipyramid of Bi(III) center. The various coordination modes of bridging carboxylate ligands are responsible for the formation of 1D chains with 4,5C10 (1) and 2C1 (2) topology. The photoluminescence quantum yield for polymer 2 is 8.36%, which makes it a good candidate for more specific studies towards Bi-based fluorescent materials. Moreover, it was detected that polymer 1 is more than twice as active against H. pylori as polymer 2. It can be concluded that there is an existing relationship between the structure and the antibacterial activity because the presence of chloride and triethylammonium ions in the structure of complex 2 reduces the antibacterial activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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17 pages, 2965 KiB  
Article
Fragmentation Study, Dual Anti-Bactericidal and Anti-Viral Effects and Molecular Docking of Cobalt(III) Complexes
by Laísa de P. Fernandes, Júlia M. B. Silva, Daniel O. S. Martins, Mariana B. Santiago, Carlos H. G. Martins, Ana C. G. Jardim, Guedmiller S. Oliveira, Marcos Pivatto, Rafael A. C. Souza, Eduardo de F. Franca, Victor M. Deflon, Antonio E. H. Machado and Carolina G. Oliveira
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(21), 8355; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21218355 - 07 Nov 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2921
Abstract
Considering our previous findings on the remarkable activity exhibited by cobalt(III) with 2-acetylpyridine-N(4)-R-thiosemicarbazone (Hatc-R) compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the present study aimed to explored new structure features of the complexes of the type [Co(atc--R)2]Cl, where R = methyl [...] Read more.
Considering our previous findings on the remarkable activity exhibited by cobalt(III) with 2-acetylpyridine-N(4)-R-thiosemicarbazone (Hatc-R) compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the present study aimed to explored new structure features of the complexes of the type [Co(atc--R)2]Cl, where R = methyl (Me, 1) or phenyl (Ph, 2) (13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, LC–MS/MS, fragmentation study) together with its antibacterial and antiviral biological activities. The minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined, as well as the antiviral potential of the complexes on chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in vitro and cell viability. [Co(atc-Ph)2]Cl revealed promising MIC and MBC values which ranged from 0.39 to 0.78 µg/mL in two strains tested and presented high potential against CHIKV by reducing viral replication by up to 80%. The results showed that the biological activity is strongly influenced by the peripheral substituent groups at the N(4) position of the atc-R1− ligands. In addition, molecular docking analysis was performed. The relative binding energy of the docked compound with five bacteria strains was found in the range of −3.45 and −9.55 kcal/mol. Thus, this work highlights the good potential of cobalt(III) complexes and provide support for future studies on this molecule aiming at its antibacterial and antiviral therapeutic application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

17 pages, 1841 KiB  
Review
Nanoparticles Functionalised with Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes for Cancer Theranostics
by Marcus Mkhatshwa, Joshua Mamolatelo Moremi, Katlego Makgopa and Amanda-Lee Ezra Manicum
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(12), 6546; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22126546 - 18 Jun 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2339
Abstract
Globally, cancer is the second (to cardiovascular diseases) leading cause of death. Regardless of various efforts (i.e., finance, research, and workforce) to advance novel cancer theranostics (diagnosis and therapy), there have been few successful attempts towards ongoing clinical treatment options as a result [...] Read more.
Globally, cancer is the second (to cardiovascular diseases) leading cause of death. Regardless of various efforts (i.e., finance, research, and workforce) to advance novel cancer theranostics (diagnosis and therapy), there have been few successful attempts towards ongoing clinical treatment options as a result of the complications posed by cancerous tumors. In recent years, the application of magnetic nanomedicine as theranostic devices has garnered enormous attention in cancer treatment research. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are capable of tuning the magnetic field in their environment, which positively impacts theranostic applications in nanomedicine significantly. MNPs are utilized as contrasting agents for cancer diagnosis, molecular imaging, hyperfusion region visualization, and T cell-based radiotherapy because of their interesting features of small size, high reactive surface area, target ability to cells, and functionalization capability. Radiolabelling of NPs is a powerful diagnostic approach in nuclear medicine imaging and therapy. The use of luminescent radioactive rhenium(I), 188/186Re, tricarbonyl complexes functionalised with magnetite Fe3O4 NPs in nanomedicine has improved the diagnosis and therapy of cancer tumors. This is because the combination of Re(I) with MNPs can improve low distribution and cell penetration into deeper tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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