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Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 13036

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Prof. Dr. Maria Francesca Sfondrini

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Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; adhesive dentistry; shear; bond strength; bracket; fiber-reinforced composite; craniofacial growth
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Andrea Scribante

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Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; dental hygiene, adhesive dentistry; dental materials; CAD/CAM; intraoral scanner; computerized cast; shear; bond strength; bracket; fiber-reinforced composite; miniscrews; remineralization; probiotics; biomimetic materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dentistry deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of oral diseases. Dental practice encompasses a wide range of branches, such as restorative dentistry, endodontics, prosthodontics, periodontology, aesthetic dentistry, pediatric dentistry, gnathology, orthodontics and dental hygiene. Additionally, dental practitioners cooperate with maxillofacial surgeons, dermatologists, otolaryngologists and other specialized practitioners.

New materials and techniques that are frequently introduced in daily clinical practice need continuous study and research. Accordingly, the purpose of the present Special Issue is to collect current research about the materials used in clinical dentistry. Possible research topics include, but are not limited to: dental materials, restoratives, prosthodontic frameworks, implantology, adhesives, aligners, archwires, bond strength bonding interfaces, brackets, CAD/CAM, caries prevention, composites, digital impressions, digital workflow, elastodontics, fiber-reinforced composites, fixed appliances, lingual appliances, miniscrews, multi-disciplinary treatment, oral microbiology, retention, and skeletal anchorage. Additionally, materials that could influence behavioral science or patients’ compliance and radiography techniques may also be taken into consideration.

Analyses of the chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics of dental materials used in general dentistry, oral surgery and orthodontics, along with basic and translational research studies, mechanical analyses, clinical trials and reviews will be considered for publication.

Before submission, authors are encouraged to carefully read over the journal's “Author Guidelines”.

Prof. Dr. Maria Francesca Sfondrini
Prof. Dr. Andrea Scribante
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

adhesives
aesthetic dentistry
aligners
archwires
behavioral science
biomimetic materials
bond
strength
bonding interfaces
brackets
CAD/CAM
caries prevention
composites
dental hygiene
dental materials
dermatology
digital impressions
digital workflow
elastodontics
endodontics
fiber-reinforced composites
fixed appliances
fixed prosthodontics
fluoride
gnathology
implantology
lingual appliances
maxillofacial surgery
miniscrews
multi-disciplinary treatment
oral microbiology
orthodontics
otolaryngology
patient compliance
pediatric dentistry
periodontology
prosthodontics
radiography
remineralization
removable prosthodontics
restorative dentistry
retention
skeletal anchorage
titanium

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4849 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparing Torque Transmission of Different Bracket Systems in Combination with Various Archwires Considering Play in the Bracket Slot: An In Vitro Study

by Andrea Wichelhaus, Simon Guggenbühl, Linus Hötzel, Corinna L. Seidel, Hisham Sabbagh and Lea Hoffmann

Materials 2024, 17(3), 684; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17030684 - 31 Jan 2024

Viewed by 593

Abstract

This study aims to examine the play between various archwires and bracket systems, exploring potential variations in angle values for specific torque and torque values for a given angle along different bracket systems. Therefore, seven brackets systems were evaluated in conjunction with different stainless steel archwires of varying dimensions (0.016″ × 0.022″, 0.018″ × 0.025″, and 0.019″ × 0.025″). Biomechanical behavior during torque development and transmission was assessed using a six-component force/torque sensor. Torque angles (5–45°) were specified with subsequent torque measurement, and the sequence was reversed by setting the torque (5–30 Nmm) and measuring the angle. A reference measurement with 0 Nmm torque served to evaluate bracket slot play. Bracket play (0 Nmm) during palatal load ranged between 20.06° and 32.50° for 0.016″ × 0.022″ wire, 12.83° and 21.11° for 0.018″ × 0.025″ wire, and 8.39° and 18.73° for 0.019″ × 0.025″ wire. The BioQuick^® bracket exhibited the highest play, while Wave SL^® and Damon^® Q brackets demonstrated the lowest play (p < 0.001). Significant differences (p < 0.001) between the brackets were observed in the torque angles required to achieve torques of 5–20 Nmm. In summary, each bracket system has a different torque transmission, which is of great clinical importance in order to achieve correct torque transmission and avoid complications such as root resorption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics)

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10 pages, 1770 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimized Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser Parameters for the Removal of Dental Ceramic Restorations

by Markus Laky, Peter Toth, Brenda Laky, Tom Vaskovich, Christoph Kurzmann, Muazzez Arslan, Mariano Nguyen, Xiaohui Rausch-Fan, Andreas Moritz and Hassan Ali Shokoohi-Tabrizi

Materials 2023, 16(17), 5835; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16175835 - 25 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 947

Abstract

Objectives: The use of lasers for debonding adhesively luted ceramic restorations is a rather recent oral laser application in dentistry. The removal of all-ceramic restorations in the mouth can often be a troublesome task. A novel method for the debonding of ceramic restorations without damaging the restorations is Er:YAG laser irradiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Er:YAG laser for debonding procedures of different dental ceramics and to identify appropriate laser settings. Material and methods: Lithium disilicate, zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate, feldspatic ceramic, and zirconium dioxide were investigated. Ten ceramic rectangular-shaped specimens with 1 and 2 mm thickness were produced from each material. All specimens were irradiated with four different power settings 1.5; 2.5; 3.5; 4.5 W, pulse duration 50 μs, laser repetition rate 10 Hz, time of irradiation 10 s. The transmitted energy was measured with a powermeter. Additionally the suitability of the Er:YAG laser to remove the adhesively bonded ceramic and the time until loss of retention was evaluated. Results: The transmission rate for 1 and 2 mm platelets was determined for zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate at 54.6%/35.6%, lithium disilicate at 53.2%/35.7%, zirconium dioxide at 40.6%/32.4%, and for the feldspathic ceramic at 19.4%/10.1%. For zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate and zirconium dioxide 2.5 W (250 mJ/10 Hz) was an appropriate energy level for effective debonding. Whereas for lithium disilicate and for feldspathic ceramic, 4.5 W (450 mJ/10 Hz) is required for efficient debonding. Conclusions: There are differences regarding transmission rates between ceramic types for the Er:YAG laser light and additionally depending on the type of ceramic different energy settings should be used for adequate debonding. Based on our in-vitro experiments we recommend 2.5 W for zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate and zirconium dioxide and 4.5 W for lithium disilicate and feldspatic ceramic. Transmission rates of different ceramic types and varying influences of thicknesses and bonding materials should be considered to adjust the laser parameters during laser debonding of adhesively luted all-ceramic restorations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics)

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13 pages, 6634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Various Adhesive Systems and Polishing Methods on Enamel Surface Roughness after Debonding of Orthodontic Brackets: A Three-Dimensional In Vitro Evaluation

by Tereza Křivková, Antonín Tichý, Hana Tycová and Josef Kučera

Materials 2023, 16(14), 5107; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16145107 - 20 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 908

Abstract

A slight alteration of the enamel surface is inevitable upon debonding of orthodontic brackets, adhesive removal, and finishing/polishing. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare two adhesives and three polishing methods by measuring enamel surface roughness using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Brackets were bonded on 42 extracted human premolars using Transbond XT (Transbond group) or Fuji Ortho (Fuji group). After debracketing, adhesives were removed with a tungsten carbide bur, and surfaces were polished using Sof-Lex discs, a rotary brush with a prophylactic paste (Depural), or a prophylactic cup with two polishing pastes (n = 7 in each subgroup). Surface roughness (S_a, S_ku, S_q, and S_z) was measured using CLSM and compared before treatment (T₁), after debracketing and adhesive removal (T₂), and after polishing (T₃). The data were statistically analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni correction. The time required for adhesive removal was measured and compared using a two-sample t-test. Surface roughness at T₂ increased compared to T₁, but the difference was significant only for the Fuji group (p < 0.01). The time required to remove Transbond XT (94.1 ± 6.8 s) was significantly higher compared to Fuji (72.1 ± 5.9 s, p < 0.0001). Polishing with Sof-Lex discs resulted in lower surface roughness compared to T₁ (p = 0.018). Using Depural and polishing pastes showed no significant difference in surface roughness compared to T₁, except for a significant decrease in S_a and S_q for Transbond (p = 0.043) and in S_ku for Fuji (p = 0.018) after polishing with Depural. In conclusion, the removal of Transbond took significantly longer, but there were fewer residues of composite resin on the enamel surface. Sof-Lex discs decreased enamel roughness, whereas enamel morphology and roughness were similar to the pre-treatment state after polishing with polishing pastes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics)

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13 pages, 7401 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Application of a Fluoride-and-Vitamin D Solution to Deciduous Teeth Promotes Formation of Persistent Mineral Crystals: A Morphological Ex-Vivo Study

by Gianni Di Giorgio, Michela Relucenti, Flavia Iaculli, Alessandro Salucci, Orlando Donfrancesco, Antonella Polimeni and Maurizio Bossù

Materials 2023, 16(11), 4049; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16114049 - 29 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1169

Abstract

Background: The use of effective, low-cost, and easy-to-use products for early caries management will avoid loss of dental vitality and impairment in oral function. The ability of fluoride to re-mineralize dental surfaces has been widely reported as well as vitamin D demonstrated to have significant potential in improving the remineralization of early lesions on enamel surfaces. The aim of the present ex vivo study was to evaluate the effect of a fluoride and vitamin D solution in terms of formation of mineral crystals on the enamel of primary teeth, and their permanence over time on dental surfaces. Methods: Sixteen extracted deciduous teeth were cut to obtain 64 specimens that were divided into two groups. The first consisted of immersion of specimens for 4 days in a fluoride solution (T1); in the second group, the specimens were immersed for 4 days (T1) in fluoride and Vitamin D solution, and for a further 2 (T2) and 4 days (T3) in saline solution. Then, samples were morphologically analyzed by using Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (VPSEM) and underwent 3D surface reconstruction. Results: After a 4-day immersion in both solutions, octahedral-shaped crystals were formed on the enamel surface of primary teeth, demonstrating any statistically significant differences in terms of number, size, and shape. Moreover, the binding of the same crystals seemed to be strong enough to be maintained until 4 days in saline solution. However, a partial dissolution was observed in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions: A topical application of fluoride and Vitamin D promoted the formation of persistent mineral crystals on enamel surfaces of deciduous teeth and should be further studied to be potentially used as an alternative strategy in preventive dentistry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics)

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16 pages, 10764 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dual Stimuli-Responsive Orthodontic Aligners: An In Vitro Study

by Dennis Schönfeld, Samantha Koss, Nils Vohl, Fabian Friess, Dieter Drescher and Thorsten Pretsch

Materials 2023, 16(8), 3094; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16083094 - 14 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2600

Abstract

Aligner therapy for orthodontic tooth movement is gaining importance in orthodontics. The aim of this contribution is to introduce a thermo- and water-responsive shape memory polymer (SMP), which could lay the foundation for a new type of aligner therapy. The thermal, thermo-mechanical, and shape memory properties of thermoplastic polyurethane were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and various practical experiments. The glass transition temperature of the SMP relevant for later switching was determined to be 50 °C in the DSC, while the tan δ peak was detected at 60 °C in the DMA. A biological evaluation was carried out using mouse fibroblast cells, which showed that the SMP is not cytotoxic in vitro. On a digitally designed and additively manufactured dental model, four aligners were fabricated from an injection-molded foil using a thermoforming process. The aligners were then heated and placed on a second denture model which had a malocclusion. After cooling, the aligners were in a programmed shape. The movement of a loose, artificial tooth and thus the correction of the malocclusion could be realized by thermal triggering the shape memory effect, at which the aligner corrected a displacement with an arc length of approximately 3.5 mm. The developed maximum force was separately determined to be about 1 N. Moreover, shape recovery of another aligner was realized within 20 h in 37 °C water. In perspective, the present approach can help to reduce the number of orthodontic aligners in therapy and thus avoid excessive material waste. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics)

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12 pages, 1873 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Predictability of Transverse Changes in Patients Treated with Clear Aligners

by Vincenzo D’Antò, Rosa Valletta, Luigi Di Mauro, Francesco Riccitiello, Robertas Kirlis and Roberto Rongo

Materials 2023, 16(5), 1910; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16051910 - 25 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1407

Abstract

Arch expansion might be used to correct buccal corridors, improve smile aesthetics, resolve dental cross bite, and gain space to resolve crowding. In clear aligner treatment, the predictability of the expansion is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictability of dentoalveolar expansion and molar inclination with clear aligners. In the study, 30 adult patients (27 ± 6.1 years old) treated with clear aligners were selected (treatment time: 8.8 ± 2.2 months). The upper and lower arch transverse diameters were measured for canines, first and second premolars, and first molars on two different sides (gingival margins and cusp tips); moreover, molar inclination was measured. A paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare prescription (planned movement) and achieved movement. In all cases, except for molar inclination, a statistically significant difference was found between achieved movement and prescription (p < 0.05). Our findings showed a total accuracy of 64% for the lower arch, 67% at the cusp level, and 59% at the gingival level, with a total accuracy of 67% for the upper arch, 71% at the cusp level, and 60% at the gingival level. The mean accuracy for molar inclination was 40%. Average expansion was greater at cusps of canines than for premolars, and it was lowest for molars. The expansion achieved with aligners is mainly due to the tipping of the crown rather than bodily movement of the tooth. The virtual plan overestimates the expansion of the teeth; thus, it is reasonable to plan an overcorrection when the arches are highly contracted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics)

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13 pages, 1697 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Demineralization Development around Different Types of Orthodontic Brackets

by Melis Toz Ertop, Orhan Cicek, Hande Erener, Nurhat Ozkalayci, Busra Demir Cicek and Fusun Comert

Materials 2023, 16(3), 984; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16030984 - 20 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1508

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the demineralizations of the enamel surfaces around different types of orthodontic brackets in an artificial cariogenic environment. A total of 90 extracted human maxillary first premolar teeth were used in this in vitro study. The teeth were divided into 6 groups, 5 study and 1 control, each consisting of 15 samples. Victory metal, Gemini metal, Clarity self-ligating ceramic, APC Clarity Advanced ceramic and Clarity Advanced ceramic brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) used in the study groups were bonded to the teeth with the direct technique. The gingival, occlusal and proximal enamel surfaces adjacent to the brackets were measured with a DIAGNOdent pen (KaVo, Biberach, Germany) (T0). Then, the teeth were placed in a cariogenic suspension environment containing Streptococcus mutans, sucrose and artificial saliva. The teeth were removed from the cariogenic suspension at the end of 28 days. Enamel surfaces were remeasured with DIAGNOdent and the values were recorded (T1). Whether the obtained data were homogeneously distributed or not was determined by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, within-group comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon test, and between-group comparisons were performed with Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Significance level was accepted as p < 0.05. In all groups, the demineralization values of the enamel surfaces in the gingival, proximal and occlusal surfaces adjacent to the brackets were significantly higher in the T1 period than in the T0 period (p < 0.05). In the T1 period of Gemini metal, Clarity self-ligating ceramic and Clarity advanced ceramic bracket groups, the demineralization values of the proximal enamel surfaces were found to be significantly higher than the Victory metal and APC Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups (p < 0.05). In the T1 period, the demineralization values of the occlusal enamel surfaces of the Victory metal, APC Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups and control group were significantly lower than the Gemini metal, Clarity self-ligating ceramic and Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups (p < 0.05). Significant increases in enamel demineralization values were observed as a consequence of increased retention areas for microbial dental plaque on enamel surfaces adjacent to the bracket. Considering the importance of minimizing enamel demineralization in fixed orthodontic treatments, less enamel demineralization in Victory metal and APC Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups showed that these brackets can be preferred in patients with poor oral hygiene. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics)

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12 pages, 2411 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Different Types of Adhesive Agents on Orthodontic Bracket Shear Bond Strength: A Cyclic Loading Study

by Irfan Eser, Orhan Cicek, Nurhat Ozkalayci, Mehmet Yetmez and Hande Erener

Materials 2023, 16(2), 724; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16020724 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1487

Abstract

Bracket failure is one of the most important problems encountered during fixed orthodontic treatment. For this reason, different types of adhesive agents have been developed over the years. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of brackets bonded to teeth etched with a conventional acid etching method in a laboratory environment by using different types of adhesive agents and comparing the number of shear strokes. Sixty human maxillary premolars were divided into three groups and Gemini stainless steel metal brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded to all teeth. In Group 1, Transbond™ XT Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and Transbond™ XT Light Cure Adhesive Paste composite (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were used. In Group 2, BracePaste^® MTP Primer (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, CA, USA) and BracePaste^® Adhesive composite (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI, USA) were used. In Group 3, Ortho Solo™ Primer (Ormco, Orange, CA, USA) and Grengloo™ Adhesive composite (Ormco, Brea, CA, USA) were used. The samples were subjected to a shear test with a closed-loop controlled, low-cycle fatigue machine with a capacity of 10 N and a crosshead speed of 300 mm/min. The number of shear strokes of the brackets was recorded. According to the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests performed on the data obtained, statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of the numbers of shear strokes (p < 0.05). Significantly higher numbers of shear strokes and higher shear bond strengths were observed in Group 3 compared with Group 1 and Group 2 (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the numbers of shear strokes for Group 1 and Group 2 samples (p > 0.05). To conclude the study, it was observed that the type of adhesive used had an effect on the bond strength of the bracket and that the Grengloo™ adhesive agent showed higher shear bond strength. It was observed that BracePaste^® Adhesive and Transbond™ XT Light Cure Adhesive Paste adhesive agents had similar shear bond strengths. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics)

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9 pages, 868 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 1.5 T and 3 T on Temperature and Bond Strength of Orthodontic Bands with Welded Tubes: An In Vitro Study

by Maria Francesca Sfondrini, Simone Gallo, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Cinzia Rizzi, Andrea Boldrini, Simone Santagostini, Luca Anemoni, Maria Sole Prevedoni Gorone, Lorenzo Preda, Paola Gandini and Andrea Scribante

Materials 2023, 16(2), 651; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16020651 - 09 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1192

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used diagnostic technique. Patients wearing orthodontic devices are often requested to remove their appliances before an MRI exam, even when the exam involves anatomical areas far from the head, in order to prevent the heating and detachment of the appliances. The present report aims to evaluate changes in temperature and adhesive forces of molar bands after MRI at two different strength outputs. Sixty stainless steel molar bands were bonded on permanent human upper molars using two different cements: Unitek Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer Band Cement (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and Transbond Plus Light Cure Band Adhesive (3M Unitek). Appliances were subjected to MRI with two different strengths (1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla). Tubes and band temperature was measured before and after MRI. Subsequently, the shear bond strength (SBS) test was calculated. Data underwent statistical analysis (p < 0.05). After MRI, molar bands exhibited significant heating, even though not clinically relevant, with a temperature increase ranging between 0.48 °C and 1.25 °C (p < 0.05). SBS did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). The present study suggests that, under MRI, the molar bands tested are safe; therefore, their removal could be not recommended for non-head and neck MRI exams. Removal would be necessary just in artifact risk areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics)

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Review

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18 pages, 6014 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Contribution of Scanning Force Microscopy on Dental Research: A Narrative Review

by Christine Müller-Renno and Christiane Ziegler

Materials 2024, 17(9), 2100; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma17092100 - 29 Apr 2024

Viewed by 208

Abstract

Scanning force microscopy (SFM) is one of the most widely used techniques in biomaterials research. In addition to imaging the materials of interest, SFM enables the mapping of mechanical properties and biological responses with sub-nanometer resolution and piconewton sensitivity. This review aims to give an overview of using the scanning force microscope (SFM) for investigations on dental materials. In particular, SFM-derived methods such as force–distance curves (scanning force spectroscopy), lateral force spectroscopy, and applications of the FluidFM^® will be presented. In addition to the properties of dental materials, this paper reports the development of the pellicle by the interaction of biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides, as well as the interaction of bacteria with dental materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials and Techniques in Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Orthodontics)

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