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Minerals
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Advances in Non-metallic Ore Separation
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Advances in Non-metallic Ore Separation

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 April 2023) | Viewed by 15610

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zijie Ren

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: mineral processing; separation technology; minerals; mineral characterization; extraction and processing industry; clay minerals; quartz; diatomite
Prof. Dr. Zhiming Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Interests: mineral surface modification; functional nanomaterials; photocatalysis; preparation and application of nanomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yupeng Qian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: mineral processing; minerals; mineral characterization; mineral materials
Dr. Renji Zheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: mineral material; semiconductor mineral; DFT calculation; catalysis; wastewater treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-metallic ore are widely used for various industrial applications, mostly due to their non-toxicity, low cost and physicochemical properties (high surface area, ion exchange capacity, high sorption and catalytic properties). Mineral purification and separation are particularly important for the entire non-metallic ore. Based on the functional application, mineral purification and separation can be divided into the processes of gravity concentration, magnetic separation, froth flotation, etc. At present, most kinds of non-metallic ore needs to separate gangue minerals, and high-purity non-metallic ore is more conducive to applications in high-end industries. Non-metallic mineral materials or composite non-metallic mineral materials have very mature application technologies in construction, soil remediation, wastewater treatment, the organic and inorganic chemical industry, machinery, photocatalysis, etc. With the advancement of technology, its performance requirements for non-metallic materials are becoming higher.

The Special Issue of “Advances in Non-Metallic Ore Separation” is highly welcomes researches to submit papers on topics that include the following: the synthesis of new non-metallic mineral, new or combined separated processes for non-metallic minerals，flotation reagents for non-metallic minerals separation，physicochemical property of non-metallic minerals processing, modification methods and mechanisms on non-metallic mineral surfaces.

We welcome contributions from all practitioners of this scientific topic.

Dr. Zijie Ren
Prof. Dr. Zhiming Sun
Dr. Yupeng Qian
Dr. Renji Zheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • non-metallic minerals
  • mineral materials
  • mineral separation
  • surfactant
  • green materials
  • adsorption
  • modification
  • flotation reagents
  • modelling and simulation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4050 KiB  
Article
Specific Cation Effect on the Flotation of Graphite
by Yaxin An, Kangkang Sun, Yangshuai Qiu and Lingyan Zhang
Minerals 2022, 12(9), 1070; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12091070 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1832
Abstract
Inorganic electrolytes are assumed to significantly impact the flotation performance of graphite resources; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this work, the effect of three inorganic salts, including KCl, MgCl2, and AlCl3, was studied on the flotation [...] Read more.
Inorganic electrolytes are assumed to significantly impact the flotation performance of graphite resources; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this work, the effect of three inorganic salts, including KCl, MgCl2, and AlCl3, was studied on the flotation of graphite. Flotation results indicated significantly increased graphite recovery with the addition of KCl regardless of pulp pH. MgCl2 improved the flotation performance under acidic and slightly alkaline conditions, while AlCl3 had a better activation on graphite flotation under strong acidic and alkaline conditions. Contact angle and Zeta potential results confirmed that electrolytes substantially reduced the absolute value of surface charge and the hydration of graphite surface, thus improving the hydrophobicity. Froth stability studies indicated that multivalent Al3+ and Mg2+ ions exhibit superior foaming performance than K+ ions and contribute to more stable and abundant foam. Additionally, these salt ions increased the surface tension and prevented bubble coalescence, contributing to nanobubble formation. Therefore, adding MgCl2 and KCl is of great significance for improved graphite flotation under neutral conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Non-metallic Ore Separation)
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15 pages, 5813 KiB  
Article
Understanding the Entrainment Behavior of Gangue Minerals in Flake Graphite Flotation
by Yangshuai Qiu, Zhenfei Mao, Kangkang Sun, Lingyan Zhang, Yupeng Qian, Tao Lei, Wenbo Liang and Yaxin An
Minerals 2022, 12(9), 1068; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12091068 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2165
Abstract
Flotation is one of the most used methods to upgrade natural graphite resources. However, the efficiency is usually decreased due to the entrainment of undesirable fine gangue minerals. In this work, the impact of different factors such as particle size, pulp density, and [...] Read more.
Flotation is one of the most used methods to upgrade natural graphite resources. However, the efficiency is usually decreased due to the entrainment of undesirable fine gangue minerals. In this work, the impact of different factors such as particle size, pulp density, and flotation reagent on the entrainment of mica and quartz in a flake graphite flotation was studied. The single gangue mineral flotation results showed increased gangue entrainment when reducing the particle size of gangue minerals and increasing the pulp density. Moreover, the flotation of artificial mixtures indicated enhanced entrainment of mica and quartz in the presence of graphite particles. The collector and frother also strongly affect gangue entrainment by modifying the structure and stability of the froth. Kerosene, which has a prominent deforming feature, can reduce gangue entrainment more effectively than diesel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Non-metallic Ore Separation)
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11 pages, 3140 KiB  
Article
Effect of Calcium Ion on the Flotation of Fluorite and Calcite Using Sodium Oleate as Collector and Tannic Acid as Depressant
by Yupeng Qian, Xuan Qiu, Tiewei Shen, Yangyang Huai, Bin Chen and Zhen Wang
Minerals 2022, 12(8), 996; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12080996 - 6 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1390
Abstract
In the flotation of semi-soluble minerals such as calcite and fluorite, Ca2+ is one of the common dissolved components influencing the collector adsorption behaviors on the mineral surfaces. However, there is very limited research focusing on how the dissolved Ca2+ affects [...] Read more.
In the flotation of semi-soluble minerals such as calcite and fluorite, Ca2+ is one of the common dissolved components influencing the collector adsorption behaviors on the mineral surfaces. However, there is very limited research focusing on how the dissolved Ca2+ affects the separation of fluorite and calcite. In the study, with sodium oleate (NaOL) as a collector and tannic acid (TA) as a depressant, a flotation test, zeta potential measurement, and adsorption experiment in the presence of Ca2+ were conducted. Flotation tests indicated that in the presence of Ca2+, fluorite and calcite were both significantly depressed by TA, leading to difficulty in the separation of the two minerals. It was also found that the depression effect on fluorite flotation was minimized with a high concentration of NaOL. Zeta potential measurement and the adsorption experiment results are consistent with the flotation results, revealing that it is only in the low concentration of NaOL that the flotation of fluorite was depressed by TA in the presence of Ca2+. Specifically, in the low concentration of NaOL, TA adsorbed on the fluorite surface and depressed the flotation of fluorite due to the preferential interaction between NaOL and Ca2+ in the solution leading to a shortage in the effective NaOL in the solution. In the high concentration of NaOL, the adsorbed TA on the fluorite surface was displaced by the excessive NaOL in the solution; hence, the flotation of fluorite was recovered. In contrast, TA always hinders the interaction of NaOL with calcite regardless of the presence and absence of Ca2+ and NaOL, hence, depressing the flotation of calcite. The study presented that a high concentration of NaOL may mitigate the negative effect of Ca2+ on the fluorite surface and improve the separation of fluorite from calcite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Non-metallic Ore Separation)
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14 pages, 5892 KiB  
Article
Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate (SNLS) as a Selective Collector for Calcareous Phosphate Beneficiation
by Mohamed M. Abdel-Halim, Mohamed A. Abdel Khalek, Renji Zheng and Zhiyong Gao
Minerals 2022, 12(7), 829; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12070829 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1918
Abstract
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate (SNLS) was employed as a selective flotation collector for dolomite–apatite separation. The influence of pH, condition time, and collector dose on the flotation performance of both apatite and dolomite minerals was investigated using single mineral and binary mixed mineral flotation experiments. [...] Read more.
Sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate (SNLS) was employed as a selective flotation collector for dolomite–apatite separation. The influence of pH, condition time, and collector dose on the flotation performance of both apatite and dolomite minerals was investigated using single mineral and binary mixed mineral flotation experiments. The performance of SNLS was compared to sodium oleate (NaOL), as a standard collector. In this study, the adsorption mechanism of SNLS on both minerals was studied using zeta-potential and FT-IR measurements. The results showed that SNLS prefers to adsorb on the dolomite mineral. The maximum difference in floatability was 83% for single dolomite and apatite minerals at pH 10 in the presence of 0.05 mmol/L SNLS. Binary mixtures of dolomite and apatite minerals of different ratios were applied, to evaluate their separation efficiency. The SNLS could separate dolomite from its mixtures with apatite minerals. Using 0.2 mmol/L of SNLS at pH 10, a concentrate of 30.9% P2O5 and 0.79% MgO was obtained from a natural phosphate ore having 25.8% P2O5 and 5.16% MgO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Non-metallic Ore Separation)
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16 pages, 2525 KiB  
Article
Application of Dual Silane Coupling Agent-Assisted Surface-Modified Quartz Powder in Epoxy Matrix for Performance Enhancement
by Peiyue Li, Liyun Ma, Zijie Ren, Enjun Xie, Zengzi Wang, Liusha Xie, Huimin Gao, Xinjun Zhou and Jianxin Wu
Minerals 2022, 12(7), 784; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min12070784 - 21 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2593
Abstract
Quartz powder (QP) is an inorganic filler that is expected to significantly enhance the dielectric and mechanical properties of epoxy (EP)-based composites applied in copper clad laminates and epoxy molding compounds for 5G applications. As is well-known, the performance of the QP–EP composites [...] Read more.
Quartz powder (QP) is an inorganic filler that is expected to significantly enhance the dielectric and mechanical properties of epoxy (EP)-based composites applied in copper clad laminates and epoxy molding compounds for 5G applications. As is well-known, the performance of the QP–EP composites is directly correlated with the dispersion effect and the compatibility of QP with an EP matrix. Herein, we propose the surface modification method of QP by mixing SCAs of different alkyl chain lengths that contain amino and carbonyl groups. Different characterization methods (FTIR, TGA, XPS, SEM, contact angle measurement, viscosity, and mechanical properties) and molecular dynamics simulation were adopted to study its effect and mechanism. Through dual SCA modification, the viscosity of QP–EP composites was reduced by 11.70%, and the flexural and tensile strengths increased by 16.89% and 30.01%, respectively. In addition, it was revealed that the superiority of dual SCAs originated from the synergistic effect between APTES and SPIS, it was the electrostatic repulsion force between the amino groups of the two SCAs that caused a steric hindrance that activated the steric stabilization effect of SPIS, thus resulting in better dispersion and excellent compatibility. Meanwhile, the amino and carbonyl groups of the SCA interacted with the EP matrix via chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds, thus strengthening the interfacial adhesion between the QP and EP matrix and improving the mechanical performance of QP–EP composites. These results are evidence of the potential of the proposed approach, which is based on the synergistic compounding of SCA with different molecular structures, in powder industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Non-metallic Ore Separation)
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Review

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21 pages, 3863 KiB  
Review
A Review on Removal of Iron Impurities from Quartz Mineral
by Chunfu Liu, Weitao Wang, Han Wang, Chenyu Zhu and Bao Ren
Minerals 2023, 13(9), 1128; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/min13091128 - 25 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3774
Abstract
Iron is one of the most stubborn impurities in quartz minerals, and the iron content partly determines the various applications of quartz. Iron can exist in quartz in the forms of iron minerals, fluid inclusions, and lattice impurities. The removal of iron and [...] Read more.
Iron is one of the most stubborn impurities in quartz minerals, and the iron content partly determines the various applications of quartz. Iron can exist in quartz in the forms of iron minerals, fluid inclusions, and lattice impurities. The removal of iron and the consequent purification of quartz minerals are the key processes to obtaining high-quality quartz. Iron removal methods including conventional pre-treatment, magnetic separation, acid leaching, microbiological, roasting, and flotation, as well as combined iron removal methods in quartz ore, are herein summarized. The separation mechanism of quartz and iron impurities and the latest research progress were explained and summarized, and the development prospects of quartz purification in the future were proposed based on the current progress and limitations of quartz iron removal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Non-metallic Ore Separation)
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