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Smart Sensors for Water Systems and Networks
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Smart Sensors for Water Systems and Networks

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2018) | Viewed by 27476

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Francesco Soldovieri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy
Interests: electromagnetic scattering; radar imaging; ground penetrating radar; data integration; non-invasive monitoring tools
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrea Scozzari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Information Science and Technologies (CNR-ISTI), National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: environmental remote sensing; radiometry; instrumentation and measurements for water systems; radar altimetry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Armando Di Nardo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
Interests: water network management; water network partitioning; water leakage; complex network theory; critical infrastructure; optimization; smart water network; resilience
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stephen Mounce

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
Interests: data-driven modelling; leakage (including smart meters/networks); CSO analytics; water quality and burst event detection systems; fuzzy RTC; hydroinformatics data mining

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Instrumentation and measurement technologies are currently playing key roles in the monitoring, assessment, and protection of water resources. This Special Issue will focus on measurement techniques and sensing methods for the observation of water systems and networks. Both water quantity and quality measurement techniques are within the scope of this issue. We welcome contributions on advancements in mature in situ measurement approaches, development of new techniques, low cost sensor systems and measurement methods enabling crowdsourced data collection. Signal and data processing techniques, targeted to event detection applications and the integration with large data systems, are also welcome.

Dr. Francesco Soldovieri
Dr. Andrea Scozzari
Dr. Armando Di Nardo
Dr. Stephen Mounce
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Smart Sensors 
  • Water Systems and Networks 
  • ICT

Published Papers (3 papers)

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21 pages, 10334 KiB  
Article
RiverCore: IoT Device for River Water Level Monitoring over Cellular Communications
by Carlos Moreno, Raúl Aquino, José Ibarreche, Ismael Pérez, Esli Castellanos, Elisa Álvarez, Raúl Rentería, Luis Anguiano, Arthur Edwards, Paul Lepper, Robert M. Edwards and Ben Clark
Sensors 2019, 19(1), 127; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s19010127 - 02 Jan 2019
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 11333
Abstract
Flooding is one of the most frequent and costly natural disasters affecting mankind. However, implementing Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor river behavior may help mitigate or prevent future disasters. This article outlines the hardware development of an IoT system (RiverCore) and [...] Read more.
Flooding is one of the most frequent and costly natural disasters affecting mankind. However, implementing Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor river behavior may help mitigate or prevent future disasters. This article outlines the hardware development of an IoT system (RiverCore) and defines an application scenario in a specific hydrological region of the state of Colima (Mexico), highlighting the characteristics of data acquisition and data processing used. Both fixed position and moving drifter node systems are described along with web-based data acquisition platform developments integrated with IoT techniques to retrieve data through 3G cellular networks. The developed architecture uses the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, along with encryption and security mechanisms, to send real-time data packages from fixed nodes to a server that stores retrieved data in a non-relational database. From this, data can be accessed and displayed through different customizable queries and graphical representations, allowing future use in flood analysis and prediction systems. All of these features are presented along with graphical evidence of the deployment of the different devices and of several cellular communication and on-site data acquisition tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Water Systems and Networks)
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23 pages, 6932 KiB  
Article
Design and Test of a Soil Profile Moisture Sensor Based on Sensitive Soil Layers
by Zhenran Gao, Yan Zhu, Cheng Liu, Hongzhou Qian, Weixing Cao and Jun Ni
Sensors 2018, 18(5), 1648; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s18051648 - 21 May 2018
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 10854
Abstract
To meet the demand of intelligent irrigation for accurate moisture sensing in the soil vertical profile, a soil profile moisture sensor was designed based on the principle of high-frequency capacitance. The sensor consists of five groups of sensing probes, a data processor, and [...] Read more.
To meet the demand of intelligent irrigation for accurate moisture sensing in the soil vertical profile, a soil profile moisture sensor was designed based on the principle of high-frequency capacitance. The sensor consists of five groups of sensing probes, a data processor, and some accessory components. Low-resistivity copper rings were used as components of the sensing probes. Composable simulation of the sensor’s sensing probes was carried out using a high-frequency structure simulator. According to the effective radiation range of electric field intensity, width and spacing of copper ring were set to 30 mm and 40 mm, respectively. A parallel resonance circuit of voltage-controlled oscillator and high-frequency inductance-capacitance (LC) was designed for signal frequency division and conditioning. A data processor was used to process moisture-related frequency signals for soil profile moisture sensing. The sensor was able to detect real-time soil moisture at the depths of 20, 30, and 50 cm and conduct online inversion of moisture in the soil layer between 0–100 cm. According to the calibration results, the degree of fitting (R2) between the sensor’s measuring frequency and the volumetric moisture content of soil sample was 0.99 and the relative error of the sensor consistency test was 0–1.17%. Field tests in different loam soils showed that measured soil moisture from our sensor reproduced the observed soil moisture dynamic well, with an R2 of 0.96 and a root mean square error of 0.04. In a sensor accuracy test, the R2 between the measured value of the proposed sensor and that of the Diviner2000 portable soil moisture monitoring system was higher than 0.85, with a relative error smaller than 5%. The R2 between measured values and inversed soil moisture values for other soil layers were consistently higher than 0.8. According to calibration test and field test, this sensor, which features low cost, good operability, and high integration, is qualified for precise agricultural irrigation with stable performance and high accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Water Systems and Networks)
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19 pages, 4289 KiB  
Concept Paper
WaterSpy: A High Sensitivity, Portable Photonic Device for Pervasive Water Quality Analysis
by Nikolaos Doulamis, Athanasios Voulodimos, Anastasios Doulamis, Matthaios Bimpas, Aikaterini Angeli, Nikolaos Bakalos, Alessandro Giusti, Panayiotis Philimis, Antonio Varriale, Alessio Ausili, Sabato D’Auria, George Lampropoulos, Matthias Baer, Bernhard Schmauss, Stephan Freitag, Bernhard Lendl, Krzysztof Młynarczyk, Aleksandra Sosna-Głębska, Artur Trajnerowicz, Jarosław Pawluczyk, Mateusz Żbik, Jacek Kułakowski, Panagiotis Georgiadis, Stéphane Blaser and Nicola Bazzurroadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Sensors 2019, 19(1), 33; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/s19010033 - 21 Dec 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4498
Abstract
In this paper, we present WaterSpy, a project developing an innovative, compact, cost-effective photonic device for pervasive water quality sensing, operating in the mid-IR spectral range. The approach combines the use of advanced Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) employing the Vernier effect, used as [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present WaterSpy, a project developing an innovative, compact, cost-effective photonic device for pervasive water quality sensing, operating in the mid-IR spectral range. The approach combines the use of advanced Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) employing the Vernier effect, used as light source, with novel, fibre-coupled, fast and sensitive Higher Operation Temperature (HOT) photodetectors, used as sensors. These will be complemented by optimised laser driving and detector electronics, laser modulation and signal conditioning technologies. The paper presents the WaterSpy concept, the requirements elicited, the preliminary architecture design of the device, the use cases in which it will be validated, while highlighting the innovative technologies that contribute to the advancement of the current state of the art. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Water Systems and Networks)
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