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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Small Antimicrobial Peptides against Inflammation
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Small Antimicrobial Peptides against Inflammation

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Peptides".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 7974

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jlenia Brunetti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, A. Moro 2, San Miniato 53100 Siena, Italy
Interests: tetra-branched peptide; tumor targeting; cell migration and adhesion; AMPs; cell signaling; actin organization; surface plasmon resonance; phage display selection; targeted nanoparticle; drug delivery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria observed in recent years is a major challenge for antimicrobial therapy, and because of its implications, is now considered a major public health issue. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are new breakthrough molecules for the treatment of bacterial infections, because they often work against bacteria resistant to traditional antibiotics, even showing a very low propensity to select bacterial resistances. AMPs show a double mechanism that includes a strong antibacterial activity with potent killing methods involving rapid membrane disruption and immunomodulatory properties, via the activation of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, chemoattraction, cell differentiation, activation of innate and adaptive compartments, wound healing, and apoptosis.

The immunomodulatory properties of these AMPs are also receiving a great attention for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. The main subject of this Special Issue includes any small AMPs with an anti-inflammatory activity, both in vitro and in vivo.

Dr. Jlenia Brunetti
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Small Peptides
  • AMPs
  • Anti-inflammatory activity
  • Cytokines Release

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1247 KiB  
Article
Association between Antimicrobial Peptide Histatin 5 Levels and Prevalence of Candida in Saliva of Patients with Down Syndrome
by Tomoko Komatsu, Kiyoko Watanabe, Nobushiro Hamada, Eva Helmerhorst, Frank Oppenheim and Masaichi Chang-il Lee
Antibiotics 2021, 10(5), 494; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics10050494 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2184
Abstract
There are no studies on Candida colonization and micropeptides of saliva in any patient. Therefore, we studied the effects of the salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 on oral fungal colonization; subjects were subdivided into Down syndrome (D) and normal (N) groups by age: [...] Read more.
There are no studies on Candida colonization and micropeptides of saliva in any patient. Therefore, we studied the effects of the salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 on oral fungal colonization; subjects were subdivided into Down syndrome (D) and normal (N) groups by age: N-1 and D-1, age <20 years; N-2 and D-2, age >40 years. Histatin 5 concentration in saliva was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oral Candida species were identified using CHROMagar Candida. Candida colonization was significantly enhanced in the D-1 and D-2 groups compared to the N-1 and N-2 groups. There was no predominant difference in salivary histatin 5 concentration between the D-1 and N-1 groups, but it was significantly lower in the D-2 group than in the N-2 group. Only in the N-2 group was there a correlation between the concentration of histatin 5 and total protein, while no correlation was found in the other groups. In elderly patients with Down syndrome, the decrease in histatin 5 shown in this study may lead to oral Candida colony formation. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that a deficiency of the antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 could possibly induce oral Candida infection in DS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Antimicrobial Peptides against Inflammation)
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17 pages, 4389 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of an Antimicrobial Peptide Synthesized with D Amino Acids
by Jlenia Brunetti, Veronica Carnicelli, Alessia Ponzi, Antonio Di Giulio, Anna Rita Lizzi, Loredana Cristiano, Laura Cresti, Giovanni Cappello, Simona Pollini, Lara Mosconi, Gian Maria Rossolini, Luisa Bracci, Chiara Falciani and Alessandro Pini
Antibiotics 2020, 9(12), 840; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9120840 - 24 Nov 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2835
Abstract
The peptide SET-M33 is a molecule synthesized in tetra-branched form which is being developed as a new antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria. Its isomeric form with D amino acids instead of the L version (SET-M33D) is also able to kill Gram-positive bacteria because of [...] Read more.
The peptide SET-M33 is a molecule synthesized in tetra-branched form which is being developed as a new antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria. Its isomeric form with D amino acids instead of the L version (SET-M33D) is also able to kill Gram-positive bacteria because of its higher resistance to bacterial proteases (Falciani et al., PLoS ONE, 2012, 7, e46259). Here we report the strong in vitro activity of SET-M33D (MIC range 0.7–6.0 µM) against multiresistant pathogens of clinical interest, including Gram-positives Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis, and various Gram-negative enterobacteriaceae. SET-M33D antibacterial activity is also confirmed in vivo against a MRSA strain of S. aureus with doses perfectly compatible with clinical use (5 and 2.5 mg/Kg). Moreover, SET-M33D strongly neutralized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), thus exerting a strong anti-inflammatory effect, reducing expression of cytokines, enzymes, and transcription factors (TNF-α, IL6, COX-2, KC, MIP-1, IP10, iNOS, NF-κB) involved in the onset and evolution of the inflammatory process. These results, along with in vitro and in vivo toxicity data and the low frequency of resistance selection reported here, make SET-M33D a strong candidate for the development of a new broad spectrum antibiotic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Antimicrobial Peptides against Inflammation)
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15 pages, 942 KiB  
Article
Synergy of the Bacteriocin AS-48 and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Enterococci
by Manuel Montalbán-López, Rubén Cebrián, Rosa Galera, Lidia Mingorance, Antonio M. Martín-Platero, Eva Valdivia, Manuel Martínez-Bueno and Mercedes Maqueda
Antibiotics 2020, 9(9), 567; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9090567 - 02 Sep 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2606
Abstract
The genus Enterococcus comprises a ubiquitous group of Gram-positive bacteria that can cause diverse health care-associated infections. Their genome plasticity enables easy acquisition of virulence factors as well as antibiotic resistances. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs are common diseases caused by [...] Read more.
The genus Enterococcus comprises a ubiquitous group of Gram-positive bacteria that can cause diverse health care-associated infections. Their genome plasticity enables easy acquisition of virulence factors as well as antibiotic resistances. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs are common diseases caused by enterococci. In this study, Enterococcus strains isolated from UTIs were characterized, showing that the majority were E. faecalis and contained several virulence factors associated to a better colonization of the urinary tract. Their susceptibility against the bacteriocin AS-48 and several antibiotics was tested. AS-48 is a potent circular bacteriocin that causes bacterial death by pore formation in the cell membrane. The interest of this bacteriocin is based on the potent inhibitory activity, the high stability against environmental conditions, and the low toxicity. AS-48 was active at concentrations below 10 mg/L even against antibiotic-resistant strains, whereas these strains showed resistance to, at least, seven of the 20 antibiotics tested. Moreover, the effect of AS-48 combined with antibiotics commonly used to treat UTIs was largely synergistic (with up to 100-fold MIC reduction) and only occasionally additive. These data suggest AS-48 as a potential novel drug to deal with or prevent enterococcal infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Antimicrobial Peptides against Inflammation)
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