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Energy Economic Policy of Low Carbon City
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Energy Economic Policy of Low Carbon City

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "C: Energy Economics and Policy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 16916

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Junping Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: policy analysis on greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation in China; GHG emissions accounting; mitigation potential and cost; pathways to carbon emission peaking in Chinese cities; assessment of renewable energy systems in China; application of machine learning in combating climate change
Prof. Dr. Lei Liu

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
Interests: environmental policy and governance
Dr. Chao Ding

E-Mail Website
Assistant Guest Editor
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, USA
Interests: building technology; energy efficiency for heating; ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) system; built environment; urban ventilation
Dr. Siqin Xiong

E-Mail Website
Assistant Guest Editor
School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China
Interests: life cycle assessment; decarbonized transportation; electric vehicles; transportation policy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, more than 120 countries and regions worldwide have made commitments to "carbon neutral" targets, and the international battle for "carbon neutrality" has begun. Cities are home to 56% of the world's population, consume two-thirds of the world's energy, and emit approximately 70% of the world's carbon dioxide. As urbanization continues over the next 30 years, billions more people will be living in cities, which will undoubtedly become the main battleground for achieving global carbon neutrality.

We hope that this Special Issue will contribute to the identification of opportunities and challenges, potential socio-economic and environmental impacts, and pathways of carbon neutrality in cities. This Special Issue welcomes theoretical and applied research on energy policy for cities at different stages of development. Specifically, it may include (but is not limited to) the following:

  • Energy demand reduction: reducing energy demand through electrification, energy efficiency improvements, and energy conservation;
  • Electricity decarbonization: reducing CO2 emissions by increasing the share of non-fossil electricity generation;
  • Fuel decarbonization: reducing CO2 emissions by increasing the share of non-fossil energy in fuels;
  • Electrification: increasing the share of electricity used in buildings, transportation, and industry;
  • Carbon dioxide sequestration: maintaining or expanding carbon sinks;
  • Co-benefits: socio-economic and environmental co-benefits of energy policies for carbon neutrality in cities.
Prof. Dr. Junping Ji 
Guest Editor
Prof. Dr. Lei Liu
Co-Guest Editor
Dr. Chao Ding
Dr. Siqin Xiong
Assistant Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Keywords

  • carbon neutrality
  • electrification
  • energy demand reduction
  • carbon dioxide sequestration
  • energy-efficient buildings
  • renewable energy

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1098 KiB  
Article
Declining Renewable Costs, Emissions Trading, and Economic Growth: China’s Power System at the Crossroads
by Yidan Chen, Jiang Lin, David Roland-Holst, Xu Liu and Can Wang
Energies 2023, 16(2), 656; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16020656 - 05 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2082
Abstract
As China reaffirms its commitments to limit the climate change risk and improve air quality, a combination of new policy and technology opportunities is presenting itself. A national emission trading scheme (ETS) begun in 2017 and is showing great promise, creating decentralized incentives [...] Read more.
As China reaffirms its commitments to limit the climate change risk and improve air quality, a combination of new policy and technology opportunities is presenting itself. A national emission trading scheme (ETS) begun in 2017 and is showing great promise, creating decentralized incentives for cost effective pollution mitigation. At the same time, sustained energy sector innovation is driving the costs of renewable electric power generation below those of fossil fuel substitutes. Early economic evidence of ETS measured pollution reductions, but has not addressed important economy-wide net benefits. This paper focuses on technology and energy cost savings and is the first to account for three multiplier effects—shifting consumption patterns, job growth, and the benefits of induced productivity growth—that would result from accelerated renewable electricity deployment in China. Results from a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium model for 2017 to 2030 show that expanding renewable deployment can interact with the ETS to slash GHG emissions, as well as energy costs, stimulating significant long-term economic growth. These results suggest that China should accelerate its clean energy transition, not only for the air-quality and climate benefits, but to fulfill the energy sector’s potential to promote innovation, employment, and economic growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Economic Policy of Low Carbon City)
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15 pages, 4042 KiB  
Article
Study on Carbon Emission Pathways in the Rural Areas of Guangdong Province
by Zhihua Tang, Dianhong Li and Huafang Guo
Energies 2022, 15(23), 8886; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15238886 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1038
Abstract
In response to global warming, China has formulated the “double carbon” strategic goals of peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and reaching carbon neutrality before 2060. The problem of rural carbon emissions is often ignored due to underdeveloped industries and services. In this [...] Read more.
In response to global warming, China has formulated the “double carbon” strategic goals of peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and reaching carbon neutrality before 2060. The problem of rural carbon emissions is often ignored due to underdeveloped industries and services. In this paper, the carbon emission pathways in the rural areas of Guangdong Province are investigated. Since energy consumption is the main source of carbon emissions, the factor analysis was used to analyze the main factors affecting rural household energy consumption and agricultural production energy consumption. Multiple linear regression was conducted to predict the rural energy consumption demand in Guangdong. Furthermore, the current situation and development trend of rural energy supply, demand and consumption structure, and the potential of renewable energy development were considered to predict carbon emissions in the rural areas of Guangdong. Moreover, the carbon emission pathways in the rural areas of Guangdong were discussed under two scenarios: the base scenario and the radical model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Economic Policy of Low Carbon City)
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24 pages, 8227 KiB  
Article
Peaking Carbon Emissions in a Megacity through Economic Restructuring: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China
by Yang Yang, Fan He, Junping Ji and Xin Liu
Energies 2022, 15(19), 6932; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15196932 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1503
Abstract
With the growing cost of carbon emissions reduction, the application of industrial restructuring to suppress carbon emissions is becoming more attractive. By constructing an input-output optimization model, this study explored how industrial restructuring helps megacities synergistically achieve carbon peak and high-quality development. The [...] Read more.
With the growing cost of carbon emissions reduction, the application of industrial restructuring to suppress carbon emissions is becoming more attractive. By constructing an input-output optimization model, this study explored how industrial restructuring helps megacities synergistically achieve carbon peak and high-quality development. The results showed that through contributing 164.4% of the reduction in emissions from 2020 to 2025, industrial structure optimization significantly inhibited the growth of carbon emissions; From 2020 to 2025, the manufacturing structure continued to be high-end, which resulted in a reduction in industrial carbon emissions by 10.3%; through vigorous development of the low-carbon service industry, the carbon emission of the service industry would continue to slow down at an average annual rate of 2.4%. Industrial premiumization and the low-carbonization of the modern service sector are the key driving forces for Shenzhen to achieve low-carbon transformation. The results also showed that the power and retail sectors are the most important for emissions reduction. This study can provide a roadmap for megacities on how to explore potential emission reduction via optimizing their economic structure to help them achieve their carbon emissions peak. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Economic Policy of Low Carbon City)
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17 pages, 2516 KiB  
Article
Resource Efficiency in the Construction Sector: Material Intensities of Residential Buildings—A German Case Study
by Karina Krause and Annette Hafner
Energies 2022, 15(16), 5825; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15165825 - 11 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1716
Abstract
This article describes an approach for comparing material intensity values for residential buildings with different construction types. Based on the working drawings of the different construction types (wood and mineral), material intensities are calculated at the building level. Material intensities describe the materials [...] Read more.
This article describes an approach for comparing material intensity values for residential buildings with different construction types. Based on the working drawings of the different construction types (wood and mineral), material intensities are calculated at the building level. Material intensities describe the materials used in a building in mass (tonnes (t)) in relation to the square meters (m2) of gross floor area (GFA) or the cubic meters (m3) of gross volume (GV). The method for determining material intensities at the building level is demonstrated. The results show that material intensities range from 0.61 t/m2 GFA to 1.95 t/m2 GFA for single-family residential buildings and from 1.36 t/m2 GFA to 1.54 t/m2 GFA for multi-storey residential buildings. The average material intensity for mineral buildings is twice as high as that for wood buildings, which means that there is a beneficial resource efficiency in building with wood instead of mineral materials. Therefore, benchmarks for a resource efficient building can be conducted based on these values. These values demonstrate a possibility to influence resource efficiency in buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Economic Policy of Low Carbon City)
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17 pages, 4813 KiB  
Article
Carbon Emission Reduction by Bicycle-Sharing in China
by Ziheng Niu and Li Chai
Energies 2022, 15(14), 5136; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15145136 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1886
Abstract
Bicycle-sharing plays an important role in solving the “last mile” problem of Chinese people and promoting the construction of an environment-friendly society. This study assesses the carbon emissions generated in the life cycle of bicycle-sharing, examines the substitution effect of bicycle-sharing, and quantifies [...] Read more.
Bicycle-sharing plays an important role in solving the “last mile” problem of Chinese people and promoting the construction of an environment-friendly society. This study assesses the carbon emissions generated in the life cycle of bicycle-sharing, examines the substitution effect of bicycle-sharing, and quantifies the depletion rate of bicycle-sharing in combination with the current rate of electric vehicles in China. The depletion rate of shared bicycles in China is high, roughly 5–15% per year. In addition, we discuss scenarios where the annual growth rate of electric vehicles is 40%, 50%, and 60%. Results show that when electric vehicles’ depletion rate is 5% and the annual growth rate of electric vehicles is 40%, the largest net emission reduction in 2025 is 1.96 million tons. Additionally, when electric vehicles’ depletion rate is 5% and the annual growth rate of electric vehicles is 60%, the smallest net emission reduction totals 1.7 million tons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Economic Policy of Low Carbon City)
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20 pages, 1837 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Analysis of China’s Carbon Emissions Trading Policies: Perspectives of Policy Content Validity and Carbon Emissions Reduction Effect
by Juan Luo, Chong Xu, Boyu Yang, Xiaoyu Chen and Yinyin Wu
Energies 2022, 15(14), 5123; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15145123 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1271
Abstract
Carbon emissions trading (CET) is now one of China’s key policy tools for achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. To comprehensively explore the consequences of China’s CET policy, the study first evaluated the content validity of CET policies across China’s [...] Read more.
Carbon emissions trading (CET) is now one of China’s key policy tools for achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. To comprehensively explore the consequences of China’s CET policy, the study first evaluated the content validity of CET policies across China’s 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities falling directly under the central government using policy strengths, tools, and measures from 2011 to 2020. The spatiotemporal drivers of regional carbon efficiency improvements from aspects of actual policy effect, average policy content validity effect, and policy quantity effect were also evaluated via the logarithmic mean Divisia index. This analysis revealed that the policy content validity was increasing in general and was higher in pilot regions. On average, the policy quantity effect was the primary driver of carbon efficiency improvements in both pilot and non-pilot regions, but the actual policy effect failed to promote carbon efficiency in both regions. Beijing’s carbon emissions reduction effect was superior to that of other pilot regions, and where actual policy effect and policy quantity effect were the primary and secondary drivers of local carbon efficiency improvements, respectively. These findings suggest that when formulating CET policies, each region should not only focus on improving policy content validity, but also pay attention to the actual carbon emissions reduction effects produced by policies as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Economic Policy of Low Carbon City)
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Review

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21 pages, 1317 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Study on the Sustainable Transportation System in India and Lessons to Be Learned from Other Developing Nations
by Subhashree Mohapatra, Dileep Mohanachandran, Gaurav Dwivedi, Sujeet Kesharvani, V. S. K. V. Harish, Shrey Verma and Puneet Verma
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1986; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16041986 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6342
Abstract
The wheel was the first form of transportation developed by early people. Increasing population, longer distances, and shorter travel times need more cheap, faster modes of transportation. Environmental issues were never taken into account when choosing the most cost-effective mode of public transportation. [...] Read more.
The wheel was the first form of transportation developed by early people. Increasing population, longer distances, and shorter travel times need more cheap, faster modes of transportation. Environmental issues were never taken into account when choosing the most cost-effective mode of public transportation. Consequently, in the face of global pollution and warming restrictions, all stakeholders choose modes of transportation with little environmental impact. This has led to the development of sustainable transportation infrastructure, particularly in a country as rapidly developing as India. This paper examines the present situation, legislation, and grading systems for sustainable transportation in India and other developing nations. Furthermore, comparisons of India with developing nations of various continents in different aspects are also present. The difference in cost between a private car and a public vehicle indicates which form of transportation should be chosen. The challenges linked with urban and rural Indian roadways are explored, as well as their respective solutions. In order to accomplish sustainable transportation, traffic density and driver conduct are also considered. This study emphasises that sustainability is not just achieved through the use of cleaner fuel or the modification of road materials, although these are vital. Road design, regulatory changes, psychological behaviour, and transit safety are also crucial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Economic Policy of Low Carbon City)
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