Editorial

2 pages, 178 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

by Bonggi Lee and Choon Young Kim

Foods 2022, 11(16), 2395; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11162395 - 10 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1062

Foods primarily obtained from plant materials, such as fruits, vegetable, grains, legumes and other plant foods, provide not only nutrients but also non-nutrients [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Bioactive Compound and Health)

Research

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13 pages, 1454 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Sargahydroquinoic Acid Suppresses Hyperpigmentation by cAMP and ERK1/2-Mediated Downregulation of MITF in α-MSH-Stimulated B16F10 Cells

by Mohammed Shariful Azam, Jae-Il Kim, Chang Geun Choi, Jinkyung Choi, Bonggi Lee and Hyeung-Rak Kim

Foods 2021, 10(10), 2254; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10102254 - 23 Sep 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2282

Abstract

Hyperpigmentation diseases of the skin require topical treatment with depigmenting agents. We investigated the hypopigmented mechanisms of sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA) in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells. SHQA reduced cellular tyrosinase (TYR) activity and melanin content in a concentration-dependent manner and attenuated the expression [...] Read more.

Hyperpigmentation diseases of the skin require topical treatment with depigmenting agents. We investigated the hypopigmented mechanisms of sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA) in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells. SHQA reduced cellular tyrosinase (TYR) activity and melanin content in a concentration-dependent manner and attenuated the expression of TYR and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), along with their transcriptional regulator, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). SHQA also suppressed α-MSH-induced cellular production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which inhibited protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) activation. Docking simulation data showed a potential binding affinity of SHQA to the regulatory subunit RIIβ of PKA, which may also adversely affect PKA and CREB activation. Moreover, SHQA activated ERK1/2 signaling in B16F10 cells, stimulating the proteasomal degradation of MITF. These data suggest that SHQA ameliorated hyperpigmentation in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells by downregulating MITF via PKA inactivation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, indicating that SHQA is a potent therapeutic agent against skin hyperpigmentation disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Bioactive Compound and Health)

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12 pages, 441 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Cancer Mice Treated with a Polyphenol-Rich Apple Extract Show Less Neoplastic Lesions and Signs of Cachexia

by Florencio Marzo, Fermin I. Milagro, Jaione Barrenetxe, María Teresa Díaz and J. Alfredo Martínez

Foods 2021, 10(4), 863; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10040863 - 15 Apr 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2341

Abstract

Obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. In rodents, high-fat (HF) diets are able to increase the formation of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced polyps. Polyphenol-rich apple extracts have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may induce an amelioration of the manifestations [...] Read more.

Obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. In rodents, high-fat (HF) diets are able to increase the formation of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced polyps. Polyphenol-rich apple extracts have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may induce an amelioration of the manifestations of colorectal cancer. Twenty-seven male Crl:CD-1 mice received AOM during four weeks and were subsequently divided into three groups fed a HF diet (n = 9 each group): a non-supplemented group, a second group supplemented with apple extract at 1%, and a third group supplemented with the same apple extract at 1.5%. Energy metabolism and the respiratory quotient were not affected by the supplementation with the apple extract. Although body weight was not affected by the treatment, the mice supplemented with the apple extract showed less signs of cachexia than the non-treated mice. In the intestine, the mice supplemented with the apple extract showed lower sucrase, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, and aminopeptidase N activities, and less intestinal lesions (aberrant crypt foci and polyps). Administration of a polyphenol-rich apple extract reduces the number of neoplastic lesions in mice with AOM-induced colorectal cancer and contributes to preserve adipose tissue mass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Bioactive Compound and Health)

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14 pages, 1635 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Capsella Bursa-Pastoris Is Mediated via SREBP2 and HNF-1α-Regulated PCSK9 Inhibition in Obese Mice and HepG2 Cells

by Jin-Taek Hwang, Eunji Choi, Hyo-Kyoung Choi, Jae-Ho Park and Min-Yu Chung

Foods 2021, 10(2), 408; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10020408 - 12 Feb 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3033

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which capsella bursa-pastoris ethanol extract (CBE), containing 17.5 milligrams of icaritin per kilogram of the extract, and icaritin, mediate hypocholesterolemic activity via the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin [...] Read more.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which capsella bursa-pastoris ethanol extract (CBE), containing 17.5 milligrams of icaritin per kilogram of the extract, and icaritin, mediate hypocholesterolemic activity via the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in obese mice and HepG2 cells. CBE significantly attenuated serum total and LDL cholesterol levels in obese mice, which was associated with significantly decreased PCSK9 gene expression. HepG2 cells were cultured using delipidated serum (DLPS), and CBE significantly reduced PCSK9 and maintained the LDLR level. CBE co-treatment with rosuvastatin attenuated statin-mediated PCSK9 expression, and further increased LDLR. The icaritin contained in CBE decreased intracellular PCSK9 and LDLR levels by suppressing transcription factors SREBP2 and HNF-1α. Icaritin also significantly suppressed the extracellular PCSK9 level, which likely contributed to post-translational stabilization of LDLR in the HepG2 cells. PCSK9 inhibition by CBE is actively attributed to icaritin, and the use of CBE and icaritin could be an alternative therapeutic approach in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Bioactive Compound and Health)

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13 pages, 1566 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unripe Black Raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) Extract and Its Constitute, Ellagic Acid Induces T Cell Activation and Antitumor Immunity by Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction

by Ji Hye Kim, Young Soo Kim, Tae In Kim, Wei Li, Jeong-Geon Mun, Hee Dong Jeon, Ji-Ye Kee, Jang-Gi Choi and Hwan-Suck Chung

Foods 2020, 9(11), 1590; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods9111590 - 02 Nov 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3206

Abstract

Rubus coreanus Miquel (R. coreanus) is a unripen fruit of black raspberry native to eastern Asia. It is used as traditional oriental medicine and supplementary foods for centuries. Previous studies have shown that the R. coreanus extract (RCE) and its main [...] Read more.

Rubus coreanus Miquel (R. coreanus) is a unripen fruit of black raspberry native to eastern Asia. It is used as traditional oriental medicine and supplementary foods for centuries. Previous studies have shown that the R. coreanus extract (RCE) and its main constitute ellagic acid possess diverse biological activities. However, the effects of RCE on antitumor immunity and T cell function were not fully understood. The present study describes the anti-tumor effect of RCE in humanized PD-1 mice by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pull down assay were performed to elucidate the binding properties of RCE in vitro. Cellular PD-1/PD-L1 blockade activities were measured by T cell receptor (TCR)-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells-luciferase activity in co-cultured cell models with PD-1/NFAT Jurkat and PD-L1/aAPC CHO-K1 cells. The in vivo efficacy of RCE was confirmed in humanized PD-1 mice bearing MC38 colorectal tumor. RCE and ellagic acid dose-dependently block the binding of PD-1 to PD-L1. Moreover, oral administration of RCE showed the potent anti-tumor activity similar to anti-PD-1 antibody. The present study suggests that RCE possesses potent anti-tumor effect via PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, and ellagic acid is the main compound in RCE. Thus, we provide new aspects of RCE as an immunotherapeutic agent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Bioactive Compound and Health)

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14 pages, 2723 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Water Extract of Agastache rugosa Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis

by Seon-A Jang, Youn-Hwan Hwang, Taesoo Kim, Hyun Yang, Jun Lee, Young Hye Seo, Jae-Il Park and Hyunil Ha

Foods 2020, 9(9), 1181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods9091181 - 26 Aug 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2737

Abstract

Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women causes homeostatic imbalance of bone, resulting in bone loss and osteoporosis. Agastache rugosa, a plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is an aromatic herb, and the leaves of this herb are widely used as food ingredients. Extracts [...] Read more.

Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women causes homeostatic imbalance of bone, resulting in bone loss and osteoporosis. Agastache rugosa, a plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is an aromatic herb, and the leaves of this herb are widely used as food ingredients. Extracts of A. rugosa have various bioactivities including anti-HIV integration, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic properties. However, the beneficial effect of A. rugosa on bone has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of water extract of A. rugosa (WEAR) on osteoclast differentiation and estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as an animal model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The oral administration of WEAR remarkably improved OVX-induced trabecular bone loss and fat accumulation in the bone marrow. WEAR suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in osteoclast precursor cells, subsequently inhibiting resorption activity on a bone mimetic surface. WEAR inhibited the expression of cellular oncogene fos (c-Fos) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), key osteoclastogenic transcription factors, by decreasing RANKL-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. We also identified seventeen phytochemicals present in WEAR, including five phenols and twelve flavonoids, and found eleven bioactive constituents that have anti-osteoclastogenic effects. Collectively, these results suggest that WEAR could be used to treat and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Bioactive Compound and Health)

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Review

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17 pages, 2560 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nutrients against Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscle Atrophy

by Min-Kyeong Lee, Hyeon Hak Jeong, Myeong-Jin Kim, Heeyeon Ryu, Jiwon Baek and Bonggi Lee

Foods 2022, 11(5), 687; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11050687 - 25 Feb 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7776

Abstract

Glucocorticoid excess is a critical factor contributing to muscle atrophy. Both endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids negatively affect the preservation of muscle mass and function. To date, the most effective intervention to prevent muscle atrophy is to apply a mechanical load in the form [...] Read more.

Glucocorticoid excess is a critical factor contributing to muscle atrophy. Both endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids negatively affect the preservation of muscle mass and function. To date, the most effective intervention to prevent muscle atrophy is to apply a mechanical load in the form of resistance exercise. However, glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy easily causes fatigue in daily physical activities, such as climbing stairs and walking at a brisk pace, and reduces body movements to cause a decreased ability to perform physical activity. Therefore, providing adequate nutrients in these circumstances is a key factor in limiting muscle wasting and improving muscle mass recovery. The present review will provide an up-to-date review of the effects of various nutrients, including amino acids such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and β–hydroxy β–methylbutyrate (HMB), fatty acids such as omega-3, and vitamins and their derivates on the prevention and improvement of glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Bioactive Compound and Health)

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23 pages, 394 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

A Review of Health-Beneficial Properties of Oats

by Devendra Paudel, Bandana Dhungana, Melanie Caffe and Padmanaban Krishnan

Foods 2021, 10(11), 2591; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10112591 - 26 Oct 2021

Cited by 59 | Viewed by 24547

Abstract

Oat is among the food crops and ancient grains cultivated and consumed worldwide. It is gaining in popularity owing to its nutritional composition and multifunctional benefits of select bioactive compounds. Beta-glucan is an important component of dietary fiber found in oat grains. It [...] Read more.

Oat is among the food crops and ancient grains cultivated and consumed worldwide. It is gaining in popularity owing to its nutritional composition and multifunctional benefits of select bioactive compounds. Beta-glucan is an important component of dietary fiber found in oat grains. It is the major active compound in oats with proven cholesterol-lowering and antidiabetic effects. Oats also provide substantial levels of other bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, tocols, sterols, avenacosides, and avenanthramides. The consumption of oats has been determined to be beneficial for human health by promoting immunomodulation and improving gut microbiota. In addition, oat consumption assists in preventing diseases such as atherosclerosis, dermatitis, and some forms of cancer. While much has been published in relation to oat nutrients and oat fibers and their impact on major diseases, the oat industries and consumers may benefit from greater knowledge and understanding of clinical effects, range of occurrence, distribution, therapeutic doses and food functional attributes of other oat bioactives such as avenanthramides and saponins as well as other anti-inflammatory agents found in the cereal. This review focuses on the various studies relevant to the contribution of the consumption of oats and oat-based products in preventing human diseases and promoting human health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Bioactive Compound and Health)

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