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Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy
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Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 30736

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bożena Muszyńska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Interests: bioelements; dietary fibers; edible/medicinal mushrooms; food additives; food components; food dyes; functional food; food in prophilactic of civilization diseases; nutraceuticals in food; vitamins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The number of new research on dietetic and curative substances found in natural products from which is food prepared increases with every year. All knows that food is fundamental every day in prophylactic against different diseases and in therapy. Due to the interest in this field a worldwide register of medicinal plants, mushrooms and animals were created. An increasing consumption of wild growing and cultivated natural source of food caused a need of researching substances that influence human organism functions that are found in these organisms. The number of new research on dietetic and curative substances found in food increases with every year. Due to the interest in this field a worldwide register of medicinal and functional foods was created. An increasing consumption of wild growing and cultivated products caused a need of researching substances that influence human organism functions that are found in these organisms.

The research results presented in the Special Issue: "Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy" will allow us to determine the important of daily diet and food. On the one hand, they will help determine whether food is important in healthy life of every day, but on the other hand, presented the influence on prophylactics, therapy and recovery in many diseases, especially civilization diseases.

Prof. Dr. Bożena Muszyńska
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Foods is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioelements
  • dietary fibers
  • edible/medicinal mushrooms
  • food additives
  • food components
  • food dyes
  • functional food
  • food in prophilactic of civilization diseases
  • nutriceuticals in food
  • vitamins

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 6458 KiB  
Article
Utilising a Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitor as Part of a Low Glycaemic Index and Load Diet and Determining Its Effect on Improving Dietary Intake, Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters of Overweight and Obese Young Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial
by Khadidja Chekima, Mohd Ismail Noor, Yasmin Beng Houi Ooi, See Wan Yan, Mohammad Jaweed and Brahim Chekima
Foods 2022, 11(12), 1754; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11121754 - 15 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2730
Abstract
A randomised controlled trial to measure the effects of integrating real-time continuous glucose monitor (rtCGM) into a low glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) dietary intervention on dietary intake, body composition and specific metabolic parameters was carried out. A total of 40 [...] Read more.
A randomised controlled trial to measure the effects of integrating real-time continuous glucose monitor (rtCGM) into a low glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) dietary intervention on dietary intake, body composition and specific metabolic parameters was carried out. A total of 40 overweight young adults [(means ± SD) age: 26.4 ± 5.3 years, BMI: 29.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2] were randomised into an intervention and control groups for a period of eight weeks. Both groups received nutrition education on low GI and GL foods. The intervention group also received an rtCGM system to monitor their glucose levels 24 h a day. While controlling for physical activities and GI and GL nutrition knowledge, the results indicated that the rtCGM system further improved body weight, BMI, fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the intervention group (p < 0.05). This trial unveils the robustness of the rtCGM where non-diabetic overweight and obese young adults can benefit from this device and utilise it as a management tool for overweight and obesity and a primary prevention tool for type 2 diabetes, as it provides real-time and personalised information on physiological changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy)
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19 pages, 4777 KiB  
Article
Octacosanol Modifies Obesity, Expression Profile and Inflammation Response of Hepatic Tissues in High-Fat Diet Mice
by Jie Bai, Tao Yang, Yaping Zhou, Wei Xu, Shuai Han, Tianyi Guo, Lingfeng Zhu, Dandan Qin, Yi Luo, Zuomin Hu, Xiaoqi Wu, Feijun Luo, Bo Liu and Qinlu Lin
Foods 2022, 11(11), 1606; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11111606 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2809
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has increased significantly on account of the alterations of living habits, especially changes in eating habits. In this study, we investigated the effect of octacosanol on lipid lowering and its molecular mechanism. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model was [...] Read more.
The incidence of obesity has increased significantly on account of the alterations of living habits, especially changes in eating habits. In this study, we investigated the effect of octacosanol on lipid lowering and its molecular mechanism. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model was used in the study. Thirty C57BL/6J mice were divided into control, HFD, and HFD+Oct groups randomly, and every group included ten mice. The mice of HFD+Oct group were intragastrically administrated 100 mg/kg/day of octacosanol. After 10 weeks for treatment, our results indicated that octacosanol supplementation decreased the body, liver, and adipose tissues weight of HFD mice; levels of TC, TG, and LDL-c were reduced in the plasma of HFD mice; and level of HDL-c were increased. H&E staining indicated that octacosanol supplementation reduces the size of fat droplets of hepatic tissues and adipose cells comparing with the HFD group. Gene chip analysis found that octacosanol regulated 72 genes involved in lipid metabolism in the tissues of liver comparing to the HFD group. IPA pathway network analysis indicated that PPAR and AMPK may play a pivotal role in the lipid-lowering function of octacosanol. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that the octacosanol supplementation caused change of expression levels of AMPK, PPARs, FASN, ACC, SREBP-1c, and SIRT1, which were closely related to lipid metabolism. Taken together, our results suggest that octacosanol supplementation exerts a lipid-decreasing effect in the HFD-fed mice through modulating the lipid metabolism-related signal pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy)
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14 pages, 1206 KiB  
Article
Multi-Functional Development and Utilization of Rapeseed: Comprehensive Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Rapeseed Sprouts
by Zelin Xiao, Yuying Pan, Chao Wang, Xiongcai Li, Yiqing Lu, Ze Tian, Lieqiong Kuang, Xinfa Wang, Xiaoling Dun and Hanzhong Wang
Foods 2022, 11(6), 778; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11060778 - 08 Mar 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2686
Abstract
Rapeseed is the third largest oil crop in the world and the largest oil crop in China. The multi-functional development and utilization of rapeseed is an effective measure for the high-quality development of rapeseed industry in China. In this study, several basic nutrients [...] Read more.
Rapeseed is the third largest oil crop in the world and the largest oil crop in China. The multi-functional development and utilization of rapeseed is an effective measure for the high-quality development of rapeseed industry in China. In this study, several basic nutrients of eight rapeseed sprouts and five bean sprouts (3–5 varieties each) were determined, including sugar, crude protein, crude fiber, vitamin E, minerals, fatty acids, amino acids, and glucosinolates. Data analysis revealed that compared with bean sprouts, rapeseed sprouts were nutritionally balanced and were richer in active nutrients such as glucose, magnesium, selenium, vitamin E, and glucosinolate. Moreover, rapeseed sprouts exhibited reasonable amino acid composition and abundant unsaturated fatty acids (accounting for 90.32% of the total fatty acids). All these results indicated the potential of rapeseed sprout as a functional vegetable. Subsequently, three dominant nutrients including vitamin E, glucosinolate, and selenium were investigated in seeds and sprouts of 44 B. napus L. varieties. The results showed that germination raised the ratio of α-tocopherol/γ-tocopherol from 0.53 in seeds to 9.65 in sprouts, greatly increasing the content of α-tocopherol with the strongest antioxidant activity among the eight isomers of vitamin E. Furthermore, germination promoted the conversion and accumulation of glucosinolate components, especially, glucoraphanin with strong anti-cancer activity with its proportion increased from 1.06% in seeds to 1.62% in sprouts. In addition, the contents of selenium, vitamin E, and glucosinolate in rapeseed sprouts were highly correlated with those in seeds. Furthermore, these three dominant nutrients varied greatly within B. napus varieties, indicating the great potential of rapeseed sprouts to be further bio-enhanced. Our findings provide reference for the multi-purpose development and utilization of rapeseed, lay a theoretical foundation for the development of rapeseed sprout into a functional vegetable, and provide a novel breeding direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy)
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Review

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12 pages, 957 KiB  
Review
Relationship between Structure and Biological Activity of Various Vitamin K Forms
by Katarzyna Bus and Arkadiusz Szterk
Foods 2021, 10(12), 3136; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10123136 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5551
Abstract
Vitamin K is involved many biological processes, such as the regulation of blood coagulation, prevention of vascular calcification, bone metabolism and modulation of cell proliferation. Menaquinones (MK) and phylloquinone vary in biological activity, showing different bioavailability, half-life and transport mechanisms. Vitamin K1 and [...] Read more.
Vitamin K is involved many biological processes, such as the regulation of blood coagulation, prevention of vascular calcification, bone metabolism and modulation of cell proliferation. Menaquinones (MK) and phylloquinone vary in biological activity, showing different bioavailability, half-life and transport mechanisms. Vitamin K1 and MK-4 remain present in the plasma for 8–24 h, whereas long-chain menaquinones can be detected up to 96 h after administration. Geometric structure is also an important factor that conditions their properties. Cis-phylloquinone shows nearly no biological activity. An equivalent study for menaquinone is not available. The effective dose to decrease uncarboxylated osteocalcin was six times lower for MK-7 than for MK-4. Similarly, MK-7 affected blood coagulation system at dose three to four times lower than vitamin K1. Both vitamin K1 and MK-7 inhibited the decline in bone mineral density, however benefits for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases have been observed only for long-chain menaquinones. There are currently no guidelines for the recommended doses and forms of vitamin K in the prevention of osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders. Due to the presence of isomers with unknown biological properties in some dietary supplements, quality and safety of that products may be questioned. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy)
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24 pages, 929 KiB  
Review
Cordyceps militaris: An Overview of Its Chemical Constituents in Relation to Biological Activity
by Karol Jerzy Jędrejko, Jan Lazur and Bożena Muszyńska
Foods 2021, 10(11), 2634; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods10112634 - 30 Oct 2021
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 15327
Abstract
Cordyceps spp. mushrooms have a long tradition of use as a natural raw material in Asian ethnomedicine because of their adaptogenic, tonic effects and their ability to reduce fatigue and stimulate the immune system in humans. This review aims to present the chemical [...] Read more.
Cordyceps spp. mushrooms have a long tradition of use as a natural raw material in Asian ethnomedicine because of their adaptogenic, tonic effects and their ability to reduce fatigue and stimulate the immune system in humans. This review aims to present the chemical composition and medicinal properties of Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies and mycelium, as well as mycelium from in vitro cultures. The analytical results of the composition of C. militaris grown in culture media show the bioactive components such as cordycepin, polysaccharides, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), ergothioneine and others described in the review. To summarize, based on the presence of several bioactive compounds that contribute to biological activity, C. militaris mushrooms definitely deserve to be considered as functional foods and also have great potential for medicinal use. Recent scientific reports indicate the potential of cordycepin in antiviral activity, particularly against COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy)
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