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SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Prevention Method: From Public Spaces to Medical Settings
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SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Prevention Method: From Public Spaces to Medical Settings

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Disease Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 17528

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Luca Fiorillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
2. Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy
Interests: oral health; public health; systemic disease; biomaterials; microbiomes; infection risk; oral surgery; rehabilitative medicine; environment disinfection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesca Cicciù

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unità Operativa di Patologia Clinica, ARNAS Garibaldi Centro, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: healthcare workers; public health; microbiology
Rosa De Stefano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Psychiatric Unit Policlinico Hospital, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
Interests: oral health; psychology; public health; socioeconomic behaviors; health promotion; health-related behaviour, quality of life
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shaken the world, especially in the first months of 2020. Much confusion, spread by scientific disagreement and poor media information, has worsened this situation in the population. The purpose of this Special Issue is to promote and disseminate knowledge on the characteristics of the environmental and interindividual spread of this virus. Beyond this, prevention and contagion models will be another topic to consider. The use of personal protective equipment has been imposed on the populations of many states, and this seems to have slowed, although not stopped, the spread of the virus. Many scientific notes, in fact, concern the spread of the virus following the contamination of environments or surfaces, especially in public facilities, on public transport and in health facilities of all kinds.

Fully elucidating the methods of spreading the virus and its persistence on surfaces, and proposing and planning prevention plans, will be the first steps to defeating this pandemic.

Prof. Dr. Luca Fiorillo
Dr. Francesca Cicciù
Dr. Rosa De Stefano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Coronavirus disease 2019
  • Coronavirus
  • Pandemic
  • Disinfection
  • Prevention
  • Socioeconomic behaviors in pandemics
  • Public health
  • Public environments
  • Medical settings
  • Protective equipment
  • Mathematical model
  • Virus persistence

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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6 pages, 1307 KiB  
Editorial
An Eventual Sars-CoV-2 Infection Prevention Protocol in the Medical Setting and Dental Office
by Luca Fiorillo, Aida Meto, Francesca Cicciù and Rosa De Stefano
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(5), 2593; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18052593 - 05 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2428
Abstract
The current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the entire world population, and in particular the medical-health field, especially dentistry [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Prevention Method: From Public Spaces to Medical Settings)
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Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

18 pages, 562 KiB  
Article
Ethical Attitudes toward COVID-19 Passports: Evidences from Spain
by Mario Arias-Oliva, Jorge Pelegrín-Borondo, Ala Ali Almahameed and Jorge de Andrés-Sánchez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13098; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182413098 - 11 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2978
Abstract
A so-called COVID-19 passport or Immunity passport (IP) has been proposed to facilitate the mobility of individuals while the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic persists. A COVID-19 passport can play a key role in the control of the pandemic, specifically in areas with a high density [...] Read more.
A so-called COVID-19 passport or Immunity passport (IP) has been proposed to facilitate the mobility of individuals while the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic persists. A COVID-19 passport can play a key role in the control of the pandemic, specifically in areas with a high density of population, and the help of smart city technology could be very useful to successfully implement IPs. This research studies the impact of ethical judgments on user attitudes toward using vaccine passports based on a Multidimensional Ethics Scale (MES) that contains five ethical constructs: moral equity, relativism, egoism, utilitarianism, and contractualism. Regression analysis shows that MES satisfactorily explains attitude (R2 = 87.82%, p < 0.001) and that a positive evaluation in moral equity, egoism and utilitarianism is significant (p < 0.001). The objective of the passport (variable leisure) shows a significant negative moderating effect on moral equity (coefficient = −0.147, p = 0.0302) and a positive one on relativism (coefficient = 0.158, p = 0.0287). Adjustment by means of fsQCA shows that five ethical constructs satisfactorily explain both favorable and unfavorable attitudes toward IPs. Solutions explaining acceptance attain an overall consistency (cons) = 0.871 and coverage (cov) = 0.980. In the case of resistance, we found that cons = 0.979 and cov = 0.775. However, that influence is asymmetrical. To have a positive attitude toward the passport, it is a sufficient condition to attain a positive evaluation on a single ethical factor. On the other hand, when explaining resistance, and with the exception of the recipe ~utilitarianism (cons = 0.911 and cov = 0.859), explanatory prime implications require the interaction of at least two variables. Likewise, the context in which the passport is required is significant to explain rejection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Prevention Method: From Public Spaces to Medical Settings)
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7 pages, 1198 KiB  
Article
SARS-CoV-2 Short-Time Infection Produces Relevant Cytopathic Effects in Vero E6 Cell Line
by Luisa Zupin, Francesco Fontana, Rossella Gratton, Margherita Milani, Libera Clemente, Lorella Pascolo, Maurizio Ruscio and Sergio Crovella
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9020; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18179020 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2442
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets from positive subjects to susceptible hosts or by direct contact with an infected individual. Our study focuses on the in vitro minimal time of viral absorption as well as [...] Read more.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets from positive subjects to susceptible hosts or by direct contact with an infected individual. Our study focuses on the in vitro minimal time of viral absorption as well as the minimal quantity of virus able to establish a persistent infection in Vero E6 cells. We observed that 1 min of in vitro virus exposure is sufficient to generate a cytopathic effect in cells after 7 days of infection, even at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) value of 0.01. Being aware that our findings have been obtained using an in vitro cellular model, we demonstrated that short-time exposures and low viral concentrations are able to cause infection, thus opening questions about the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility even following short contact times. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Prevention Method: From Public Spaces to Medical Settings)
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15 pages, 525 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 Stressors on Migrant Workers in Vietnam: Cumulative Risk Consideration
by Ha Thi Thu Bui, Duc Minh Duong, Thanh Quoc Pham, Tolib Mirzoev, Anh Thi My Bui and Quang Ngoc La
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8757; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18168757 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4016
Abstract
This study explored the impact of COVID-19 on migrant workers in Vietnam, using a cumulative risk assessment (CRA) framework which comprises four domains (workplace, environment, individual and community). A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected in 2020 through a self-administered questionnaire with [...] Read more.
This study explored the impact of COVID-19 on migrant workers in Vietnam, using a cumulative risk assessment (CRA) framework which comprises four domains (workplace, environment, individual and community). A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected in 2020 through a self-administered questionnaire with 445 domestic migrant workers in two industrial zones in two northern provinces (Bac Ninh and Ninh Binh) in Vietnam. The majority of migrant workers were female (65.2%), aged between 18 and 29 years old (66.8%), and had high school or higher education level qualifications. Most migrant workers had good knowledge about preventive measures (>90%) and correct practices on COVID-19 prevention (81.1%). Three health risk behaviors were reported: 10% of participants smoked, 25% consumed alcohol and 23.1% were engaged in online gaming. In terms of workplace, occupational working conditions were good. Noise was the most commonly reported hazard (29%). Regarding environment, about two-thirds of migrant workers lived in a small house (<36 m2). Most participants (80.4%) lived with their families. About community domain, many reported low salary or losing their job during January–July, 2020. Most migrants received information about COVID-19. The migrant workers suffered from poor health and low occupational safety, fear of job loss and income cut, poor housing and living conditions and limited access to public services. The holistic approach to address stressors is recommended to improve health and safety of migrant workers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Prevention Method: From Public Spaces to Medical Settings)
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Review

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16 pages, 797 KiB  
Review
Review of Associations between Built Environment Characteristics and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Risk
by Jingjing Wang, Xueying Wu, Ruoyu Wang, Dongsheng He, Dongying Li, Linchuan Yang, Yiyang Yang and Yi Lu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(14), 7561; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18147561 - 15 Jul 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4213
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has stimulated intensive research interest in its transmission pathways and infection factors, e.g., socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, climatology, baseline health conditions or pre-existing diseases, and government policies. Meanwhile, some empirical studies suggested that built environment attributes may be [...] Read more.
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has stimulated intensive research interest in its transmission pathways and infection factors, e.g., socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, climatology, baseline health conditions or pre-existing diseases, and government policies. Meanwhile, some empirical studies suggested that built environment attributes may be associated with the transmission mechanism and infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, no review has been conducted to explore the effect of built environment characteristics on the infection risk. This research gap prevents government officials and urban planners from creating effective urban design guidelines to contain SARS-CoV-2 infections and face future pandemic challenges. This review summarizes evidence from 25 empirical studies and provides an overview of the effect of built environment on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. Virus infection risk was positively associated with the density of commercial facilities, roads, and schools and with public transit accessibility, whereas it was negatively associated with the availability of green spaces. This review recommends several directions for future studies, namely using longitudinal research design and individual-level data, considering multilevel factors and extending to diversified geographic areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue SARS-CoV-2 Environmental Prevention Method: From Public Spaces to Medical Settings)
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