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22 pages, 4221 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GhCYP710A1 Participates in Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt by Regulating Stigmasterol Synthesis and Plasma Membrane Stability

by Li Huang, Guiming Li, Qiaoling Wang, Qian Meng, Fan Xu, Qian Chen, Fang Liu, Yulin Hu and Ming Luo

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8437; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23158437 - 29 Jul 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1740

Abstract

Cotton is an important economic crop. Cotton Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae seriously damages production. Phytosterols play roles in plant-pathogen interaction. To explore the function and related mechanism of phytosterols in the interaction between Verticillium dahliae and cotton plants, and the resistance [...] Read more.

Cotton is an important economic crop. Cotton Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae seriously damages production. Phytosterols play roles in plant-pathogen interaction. To explore the function and related mechanism of phytosterols in the interaction between Verticillium dahliae and cotton plants, and the resistance to Verticillium wilt, in this study, we analyzed the changes of sterol composition and content in cotton roots infected by Verticillium dahliae, and identified the sterol C22-desaturase gene GhCYP710A1 from upland cotton. Through overexpressing and silencing the gene in cotton plant, and ectopically expressing the gene in Arabidopsis, we characterized the changes of sterol composition and the resistance to Verticillium wilt in transgenic plants. The infection of Verticillium dahliae resulted in the content of total sterol and each sterol category decreasing in cotton root. The ratio of stigmasterol to sitosterol (St/Si) increased, indicating that the conversion of sitosterol to stigmasterol was activated. Consistently, the expression level of GhCYP710A1 was upregulated after infection. The GhCYP710A1 has the conservative domain that is essential for sterol C22-desaturase in plant and is highly expressed in root and stem, and its subcellular location is in the endoplasmic reticulum. The ectopic expression of GhCYP710A1 gene promoted the synthesis of stigmasterol in Arabidopsis. The St/Si value is dose-dependent with the expression level of GhCYP710A1 gene. Meanwhile, the resistance to Verticillium wilt of transgenic Arabidopsis increased and the permeability of cell membrane decreased, and the content of ROS decreased after V991 (a strain of Verticillium dahliae) infection. Consistently, the resistance to Verticillium wilt significantly increased in the transgenic cotton plants overexpressing GhCYP710A1. The membrane permeability and the colonization of V991 strain in transgenic roots were decreased. On the contrary, silencing GhCYP710A1 resulted in the resistance to Verticillium wilt being decreased. The membrane permeability and the colonization of V991 were increased in cotton roots. The expression change of GhCYP710A1 and the content alteration of stigmasterol lead to changes in JA signal transduction, hypersensitivity and ROS metabolism in cotton, which might be a cause for regulating the Verticillium wilt resistance of cotton plant. These results indicated that GhCYP710A1 might be a target gene in cotton resistance breeding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cotton Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

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20 pages, 6578 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Overexpression of a Cotton Aquaporin Gene GhTIP1;1-like Confers Cold Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

by Gongmin Cheng, Mengdi Wang, Longyan Zhang, Hengling Wei, Hantao Wang, Jianhua Lu and Shuxun Yu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1361; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23031361 - 25 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2730

Abstract

Cold stress can significantly affect the development, yield, and quality of crops and restrict the geographical distribution and growing seasons of plants. Aquaporins are the main channels for water transport in plant cells. Abiotic stresses such as cold and drought dehydrate cells by [...] Read more.

Cold stress can significantly affect the development, yield, and quality of crops and restrict the geographical distribution and growing seasons of plants. Aquaporins are the main channels for water transport in plant cells. Abiotic stresses such as cold and drought dehydrate cells by changing the water potential. In this study, we cloned a gene GhTIP1;1-like encodes tonoplast aquaporin from the transcriptome database of cotton seedlings after cold stress. Expression analysis showed that GhTIP1;1-like not only responds to cold stress but was also induced by heat, drought and salt stress. Subcellular localization showed that the protein was anchored to the vacuole membrane. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that a MYC motif within the promoter region of GhTIP1;1-like were the core cis-elements in response to low temperature. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and histochemical staining indicate that GhTIP1;1-like plays a positive role in plant cold tolerance. Overexpression of GhTIP1;1-like in Arabidopsis delayed the senescence process and enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic plants. Compared with the wild type, the soluble protein concentration and peroxidase activity of the transgenic lines under cold stress were higher, while the malondialdehyde content was lower. In addition, the expression levels of cold-responsive genes were significantly increased in transgenic plants under cold stress. Our results indicate that GhTIP1;1-like could respond to different abiotic stresses and be positively involved in regulating the cold tolerance of cotton. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cotton Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

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11 pages, 6241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Unexpected Regulatory Sequence from Rho-Related GTPase6 Confers Fiber-Specific Expression in Upland Cotton

by Baoxia Li, Liuqin Zhang, Jing Xi, Lei Hou, Xingxian Fu, Yan Pei and Mi Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1087; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23031087 - 19 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1333

Abstract

Cotton fibers, single seed trichomes derived from ovule epidermal cells, are the major source of global textile fibers. Fiber-specific promoters are desirable to study gene function and to modify fiber properties during fiber development. Here, we revealed that Rho-related GTPase6 (GhROP6) was expressed [...] Read more.

Cotton fibers, single seed trichomes derived from ovule epidermal cells, are the major source of global textile fibers. Fiber-specific promoters are desirable to study gene function and to modify fiber properties during fiber development. Here, we revealed that Rho-related GTPase6 (GhROP6) was expressed preferentially in developing fibers. A 1240 bp regulatory region of GhROP6, which contains a short upstream regulatory sequence, the first exon, and the partial first intron, was unexpectedly isolated and introduced into transgenic cotton for analyzing promoter activity. The promoter of GhROP6 (proChROP6) conferred a specific expression in ovule surface, but not in the other floral organs and vegetative tissues. Reverse transcription PCR analysis indicated that proGhROP6 directed full-length transcription of the fused ß-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Further investigation of GUS staining showed that proChROP6 regulated gene expression in fibers and ovule epidermis from fiber initiation to cell elongation stages. The preferential activity was enriched in fiber cells after anthesis and reached to peak on flowering days. By comparison, proGhROP6 was a mild promoter with approximately one-twenty-fifth of the strength of the constitutive promoter CaMV35S. The promoter responded to high-dosage treatments of auxin, gibberellin and salicylic acid and slightly reduced GUS activity under the in vitro treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that the GhROP6 promoter has excellent activity in initiating fibers and has potential for bioengineering of cotton fibers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cotton Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

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21 pages, 5146 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Raf-Like Kinases B Subfamily Genes in Gossypium Species Revealed GhRAF42 Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Cotton

by Zhen Peng, Xuran Jiang, Zhenzhen Wang, Xiaoyang Wang, Hongge Li, Shoupu He, Zhaoe Pan, Abdul Qayyum, Abdul Rehman and Xiongming Du

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(23), 12649; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms222312649 - 23 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2176

Abstract

Salinity is a critical abiotic factor that significantly reduces agricultural production. Cotton is an important fiber crop and a pioneer on saline soil, hence genetic architecture that underpins salt tolerance should be thoroughly investigated. The Raf-like kinase B-subfamily (RAF) genes were discovered to [...] Read more.

Salinity is a critical abiotic factor that significantly reduces agricultural production. Cotton is an important fiber crop and a pioneer on saline soil, hence genetic architecture that underpins salt tolerance should be thoroughly investigated. The Raf-like kinase B-subfamily (RAF) genes were discovered to regulate the salt stress response in cotton plants. However, understanding the RAFs in cotton, such as Enhanced Disease Resistance 1 and Constitutive Triple Response 1 kinase, remains a mystery. This study obtained 29, 28, 56, and 54 RAF genes from G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, respectively. The RAF gene family described allopolyploidy and hybridization events in allotetraploid cotton evolutionary connections. Ka/Ks analysis advocates that cotton evolution was subjected to an intense purifying selection of the RAF gene family. Interestingly, integrated analysis of synteny and gene collinearity suggested dispersed and segmental duplication events involved in the extension of RAFs in cotton. Transcriptome studies, functional validation, and virus-induced gene silencing on salt treatments revealed that GhRAF42 is engaged in salt tolerance in upland cotton. This research might lead to a better understanding of the role of RAFs in plants and the identification of suitable candidate salt-tolerant genes for cotton breeding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cotton Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

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14 pages, 32704 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GhTBL34 Is Associated with Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Cotton

by Yunlei Zhao, Huijuan Jing, Pei Zhao, Wei Chen, Xuelin Li, Xiaohui Sang, Jianhua Lu and Hongmei Wang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9115; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22179115 - 24 Aug 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1983

Abstract

Verticillium wilt (VW) is a typical fungal disease affecting the yield and quality of cotton. The Trichome Birefringence-Like protein (TBL) is an acetyltransferase involved in the acetylation process of cell wall polysaccharides. Up to now, there are no reports on whether the TBL [...] Read more.

Verticillium wilt (VW) is a typical fungal disease affecting the yield and quality of cotton. The Trichome Birefringence-Like protein (TBL) is an acetyltransferase involved in the acetylation process of cell wall polysaccharides. Up to now, there are no reports on whether the TBL gene is related to disease resistance in cotton. In this study, we cloned a cotton TBL34 gene located in the confidence interval of a major VW resistance quantitative trait loci and demonstrated its relationship with VW resistance in cotton. Analyzing the sequence variations in resistant and susceptible accessions detected two elite alleles GhTBL34-2 and GhTBL34-3, mainly presented in resistant cotton lines whose disease index was significantly lower than that of susceptible lines carrying the allele GhTBL34-1. Comparing the TBL34 protein sequences showed that two amino acid differences in the TBL (PMR5N) domain changed the susceptible allele GhTBL34-1 into the resistant allele GhTBL34-2 (GhTBL34-3). Expression analysis showed that the TBL34 was obviously up-regulated by infection of Verticillium dahliae and exogenous treatment of ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate (JA) in cotton. VIGS experiments demonstrated that silencing of TBL34 reduced VW resistance in cotton. We deduced that the TBL34 gene mediating acetylation of cell wall polysaccharides might be involved in the regulation of resistance to VW in cotton. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cotton Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

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17 pages, 18467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genome-Wide Study of NOT2_3_5 Protein Subfamily in Cotton and Their Necessity in Resistance to Verticillium wilt

by Pei Zhao, Tengfei Qin, Wei Chen, Xiaohui Sang, Yunlei Zhao and Hongmei Wang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(11), 5634; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22115634 - 26 May 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2213

Abstract

The Negative on TATA-less (NOT) 2_3_5 domain proteins play key roles in mRNA metabolism and transcription regulation, but few comprehensive studies have focused on this protein family in plants. In our study, a total of 30 NOT2_3_5 genes were identified in four cotton [...] Read more.

The Negative on TATA-less (NOT) 2_3_5 domain proteins play key roles in mRNA metabolism and transcription regulation, but few comprehensive studies have focused on this protein family in plants. In our study, a total of 30 NOT2_3_5 genes were identified in four cotton genomes: Gossypium. arboretum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the NOT2_3_5 domain proteins were divided into two classes. The NOT2_3_5 genes were expanded frequently, and segmental duplication had significant effects in their expansion process. The cis-regulatory elements analysis of NOT2_3_5 promoter regions indicated that NOT2_3_5 domain proteins might participate in plant growth and development processes and responds to exogenous stimuli. Expression patterns demonstrated that all of the GhNOT2_3_5 genes were expressed in the majority of tissues and fiber development stages, and that these genes were induced by multiple stresses. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that GbNOT2_3_5 genes were up-regulated in response to verticillium wilt and the silencing of GbNOT2_3_5-3/8 and GbNOT2_3_5-4/9 led to more susceptibility to verticillium wilt than controls. Identification and analysis of the NOT2_3_5 protein family will be beneficial for further research on their biological functions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cotton Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

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14 pages, 3051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GhNHX3D, a Vacuolar-Localized Na⁺/H⁺ Antiporter, Positively Regulates Salt Response in Upland Cotton

by Junping Feng, Wenyu Ma, Zongbin Ma, Zhongying Ren, Yang Zhou, Junjie Zhao, Wei Li and Wei Liu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(8), 4047; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms22084047 - 14 Apr 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1907

Abstract

Vacuolar sodium/proton (Na⁺/H⁺) antiporters (NHXs) can stabilize ion contents to improve the salt tolerance of plants. Here, GhNHX3D was cloned and characterized from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Phylogenetic and sequence analyses showed that GhNHX3D belongs to the [...] Read more.

Vacuolar sodium/proton (Na⁺/H⁺) antiporters (NHXs) can stabilize ion contents to improve the salt tolerance of plants. Here, GhNHX3D was cloned and characterized from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Phylogenetic and sequence analyses showed that GhNHX3D belongs to the vacuolar-type NHXs. The GhNHX3D-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) fusion protein localized on the vacuolar membrane when transiently expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that GhNHX3D was induced rapidly in response to salt stress in cotton leaves, and its transcript levels increased with the aggravation of salt stress. The introduction of GhNHX3D into the salt-sensitive yeast mutant ATX3 improved its salt tolerance. Furthermore, silencing of GhNHX3D in cotton plants by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased the Na⁺ levels in the leaves, stems, and roots and decreased the K⁺ content in the roots, leading to greater salt sensitivity. Our results indicate that GhNHX3D is a member of the vacuolar NHX family and can confer salt tolerance by adjusting the steady-state balance of cellular Na⁺ and K⁺ ions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cotton Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

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Review

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17 pages, 1816 KiB

Open AccessReview

Pivotal Role of Phytohormones and Their Responsive Genes in Plant Growth and Their Signaling and Transduction Pathway under Salt Stress in Cotton

by Irshad Ahmad, Guanglong Zhu, Guisheng Zhou, Xudong Song, Muhi Eldeen Hussein Ibrahim, Ebtehal Gabralla Ibrahim Salih, Shahid Hussain and Muhammad Usama Younas

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7339; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23137339 - 30 Jun 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2906

Abstract

The presence of phyto-hormones in plants at relatively low concentrations plays an indispensable role in regulating crop growth and yield. Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting cotton production. It has been reported that exogenous phyto-hormones are involved in various [...] Read more.

The presence of phyto-hormones in plants at relatively low concentrations plays an indispensable role in regulating crop growth and yield. Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting cotton production. It has been reported that exogenous phyto-hormones are involved in various plant defense systems against salt stress. Recently, different studies revealed the pivotal performance of hormones in regulating cotton growth and yield. However, a comprehensive understanding of these exogenous hormones, which regulate cotton growth and yield under salt stress, is lacking. In this review, we focused on new advances in elucidating the roles of exogenous hormones (gibberellin (GA) and salicylic acid (SA)) and their signaling and transduction pathways and the cross-talk between GA and SA in regulating crop growth and development under salt stress. In this review, we not only focused on the role of phyto-hormones but also identified the roles of GA and SA responsive genes to salt stress. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the performance of GA and SA and their responsive genes under salt stress, assisting in the further elucidation of the mechanism that plant hormones use to regulate growth and yield under salt stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cotton Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

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