Dear Colleagues,

Micro and nanoplastics are probably the most abundant nanomaterials in the environment. Although many studies are arising daily about their potential toxicological effects and mechanisms, very little is known about their impact on living organisms and how they impact on disease incidence or resistance. Thus, this Special Issue is devoted to studies dealing with exposure studies at in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo levels determining the impact of plastics on immunity, disease resistance or interactions with pathogens in any living system. The exposure could involve aquatic, air or land organisms, from unicellular to multicellular. Effects including, but not limited to, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, antigen-presentation, cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins, complement, antimicrobial peptides, inflammation, phagocytosis or cell-mediated cytotoxicity of plastics are welcomed as well as the potential of plastic adsorption and dispersion of pathogens. Furthermore, their relation with different pathological situations such as nutritional or environmental distresses or even non-pathogenic diseases including Alzheimer's or cancer are of great interest. Any kind of study related to plastic toxicity regarding immunity or related to animal diseases, original or review, would be considered.

Dr. Alberto Cuesta
Dr. Carmen González-Fernández
Guest Editors

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• microplastics
• nanoplastics
• immunity
• immunotoxicology
• infectious diseases
• bacteria
• viruses
• parasites