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Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 30089

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Weibiao Liao

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Guest Editor

College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Interests: signaling molecules (hydrogen gas, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide); plant hormones (abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinolide, gibberellin and strigolactone); abiotic stress (drought, salt and cadmium); adventitious roots; fruit ripening; cut flowers
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Prof. Dr. Abir U. Igamberdiev

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Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
Interests: plant mitochondria; alternative oxidase; respiratory carbon metabolism; photorespiration; environmental and stress biology; interactions of respiration and photosynthesis; plant responses to global change; plant molecular genetics; plant epigenetics; mitochondrial stress-signaling; reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; anaerobic metabolism; cellular energetics; theoretical biology
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Prof. Dr. José M. Palma

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Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008 Granada, Spain
Interests: fruit and vegetable antioxidants; reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; fruit ripening; transcriptomics; proteomics; metabolomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Dear Colleagues,

Nitric oxide (NO) is an unstable free-radical gas of which consists of one nitrogen and one oxygen atom. An explosion of research in plant NO biology during the last two decades has revealed that it’s not just as a free radical, released from the toxic byproducts of oxidative metabolism but also helps in plant sustenance when exposed to several abiotic stresses from the beneficial role of NO in plants. It also has a role as a signal molecule and transducer that functions in numerous plant growth and development processes ranging from seed germination to root development to blossom. Some investigations highlighted the crosstalk of NO with other gas signal molecule as well as plant hormones, such as hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide, auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, under normal conditions or diverse stresses. The researches about NO-mediated S-nitrosylation of specific proteins and specific S-nitrosylation sites also were provided. This knowledge allows researchers to explain the effect and mechanism of NO in fields like plant growth and development, abiotic stress, fruit, cut-flower and several others.

The current Special issue of IJMS (International Journal of Molecular Sciences) represents an excellent platform for the discussion of recent developments in this field, focusing the attention on novel aspects of nitric oxide in plant from metabolism, signal pathway, and genes regulation to protein modification. Studies on fundament and molecules aspects are welcome that can synergically merge in the platform to provide a comprehensive coverage of the field.

Dr. Wei-Biao Liao
Prof. Dr. Abir U. Igamberdiev
Prof. Dr. José M. Palma
Guest Editors

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Keywords

plant growth and development
postharvest
abiotic stress
fruit ripening
cut-flower
signal interactions
signal pathways
protein modification
gene regulation

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 194 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Advances in Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants

by Weibiao Liao, Abir U. Igamberdiev and José M. Palma

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6397; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24076397 - 29 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 976

Abstract

More than 15,000 scientific articles published since the late 1950s related to RNS action or detection in various plant materials are listed in the Web of Science database [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

Research

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12 pages, 2491 KiB

Open AccessArticle

COP1 Mediates Dark-Induced Stomatal Closure by Suppressing FT, TSF and SOC1 Expression to Promote NO Accumulation in Arabidopsis Guard Cells

by Yu-Yan An, Jing Li, Yu-Xin Feng, Zhi-Mao Sun, Zhong-Qi Li, Xiao-Ting Wang, Mei-Xiang Zhang and Jun-Min He

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 15037; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232315037 - 30 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1501

Abstract

RING-finger-type ubiquitin E3 ligase Constitutively Photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) and floral integrators such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) have been identified as regulators of stomatal movement. However, little is known about their roles and relationship in dark-induced stomatal closure. Here, we demonstrated that COP1 is required for dark-induced stomatal closure using cop1 mutant. The cop1 mutant closed stomata in response to exogenous nitric oxide (NO) but not hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and H₂O₂ but not NO accumulated in cop1 in darkness, further indicating that COP1 acts downstream of H₂O₂ and upstream of NO in dark-induced stomatal closure. Expression of FT, TSF and SOC1 in wild-type (WT) plants decreased significantly with dark duration time, but this process was blocked in cop1. Furthermore, ft, tsf, and soc1 mutants accumulated NO and closed stomata faster than WT plants in response to darkness. Altogether, our results indicate that COP1 transduces H₂O₂ signaling, promotes NO accumulation in guard cells by suppressing FT, TSF and SOC1 expression, and consequently leads to stomatal closure in darkness. These findings add new insights into the mechanisms of dark-induced stomatal closure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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15 pages, 1487 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nitric Oxide Metabolic Pathway in Drought-Stressed Nodules of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

by Chaima Chammakhi, Alexandre Boscari, Marie Pacoud, Grégoire Aubert, Haythem Mhadhbi and Renaud Brouquisse

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13057; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232113057 - 27 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1608

Abstract

Drought is an environmental stress that strongly impacts plants. It affects all stages of growth and induces profound disturbances that influence all cellular functions. Legumes can establish a symbiosis with Rhizobium-type bacteria, whose function is to fix atmospheric nitrogen in organs called nodules and to meet plant nitrogen needs. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is particularly sensitive to drought. We raised the hypothesis that, in drought-stressed nodules, SNF inhibition is partly correlated to hypoxia resulting from nodule structure compaction and an increased O₂ diffusion barrier, and that the nodule energy regeneration involves phytoglobin–nitric oxide (Pgb–NO) respiration. To test this hypothesis, we subjected faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants nodulated with a Rhizobium laguerreae strain to either drought or osmotic stress. We monitored the N₂-fixation activity, the energy state (ATP/ADP ratio), the expression of hypoxia marker genes (alcohol dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase), and the functioning of the Pgb–NO respiration in the nodules. The collected data confirmed our hypothesis and showed that (1) drought-stressed nodules were subject to more intense hypoxia than control nodules and (2) NO production increased and contributed via Pgb–NO respiration to the maintenance of the energy state of drought-stressed nodules. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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26 pages, 8450 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exogenous Nitric Oxide Alleviates the Damage Caused by Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Tomato through Regulation of Peptidase Inhibitor Genes

by Xian Wang, Baoqiang Wang, Xiaolin Zhu, Ying Zhao, Baoxia Jin and Xiaohong Wei

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12542; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232012542 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1504

Abstract

The tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is the causal agent of one of the most severe diseases affecting tomato growth; however, nitric oxide (NO) can mediate plant resistance. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of exogenous NO donor-mediated disease resistance in tomato seedlings. Tomato seedlings were treated with sodium nitroprusside and TYLCV and subjected to phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiological analyses. The results show that exogenous NO significantly reduced disease index, MDA content, and virus content (71.4%), significantly increased stem length and fresh weight of diseased plants (p < 0.05), and improved photosynthesis with an induction effect of up to 44.0%. In this study, it was found that the reduction in virus content caused by the increased expression of peptidase inhibitor genes was the main reason for the increased resistance in tomatoes. The peptidase inhibitor inhibited protease activity and restrained virus synthesis, while the significant reduction in virus content inevitably caused a partial weakening or shutdown of the disease response process in the diseased plant. In addition, exogenous NO also induces superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activity, fatty acid elongation, resistance protein, lignin, and monoterpene synthesis to improve resistance. In summary, exogenous NO enhances resistance in tomatoes mainly by regulating peptidase inhibitor genes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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17 pages, 2952 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Alternative Oxidase in the Interplay between Nitric Oxide, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Ethylene in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Plants Incubated under Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions

by Somaieh Zafari, Greg C. Vanlerberghe and Abir U. Igamberdiev

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7153; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23137153 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1995

Abstract

The transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants with the modified levels of alternative oxidase (AOX) were used to evaluate the physiological roles of AOX in regulating nitro-oxidative stress and metabolic changes after exposing plants to hypoxia for 6 h. Under normoxia, AOX expression resulted in the decrease of nitric oxide (NO) levels and of the rate of protein S-nitrosylation, while under hypoxia, AOX overexpressors exhibited higher NO and S-nitrosylation levels than knockdowns. AOX expression was essential in avoiding hypoxia-induced superoxide and H₂O₂ levels, and this was achieved via higher activities of catalase and glutathione reductase and the reduced expression of respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) in overexpressors as compared to knockdowns. The AOX overexpressing lines accumulated less pyruvate and exhibited the increased transcript and activity levels of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase under hypoxia. This suggests that AOX contributes to the energy state of hypoxic tissues by stimulating the increase of pyruvate flow into fermentation pathways. Ethylene biosynthesis genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, ACC oxidase, and ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) were induced during hypoxia and correlated with AOX and NO levels. We conclude that AOX controls the interaction of NO, reactive oxygen species, and ethylene, triggering a coordinated downstream defensive response against hypoxia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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16 pages, 2907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High Nitric Oxide Concentration Inhibits Photosynthetic Pigment Biosynthesis by Promoting the Degradation of Transcription Factor HY5 in Tomato

by Lingyu Wang, Rui Lin, Jin Xu, Jianing Song, Shujun Shao, Jingquan Yu and Yanhong Zhou

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(11), 6027; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23116027 - 27 May 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2179

Abstract

Photosynthetic pigments in higher plants, including chlorophyll and carotenoid, are crucial for photosynthesis and photoprotection. Previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) plays a dual role in plant photosynthesis. However, how pigment biosynthesis is suppressed by NO remains unclear. In this study, we generated NO-accumulated gsnor mutants, applied exogenous NO donors, and used a series of methods, including reverse transcription quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift, dual-luciferase, and NO content assays, to explore the regulation of photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis by NO in tomato. We established that both endogenous and exogenous NO inhibited pigment accumulation and photosynthetic capacities. High levels of NO stimulated the degradation of LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) protein and further inactivated the transcription of genes encoding protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase C (PORC) and phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2)—two enzymes that catalyze the rate-limiting steps in chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis. Our findings provide a new insight into the mechanism of NO signaling in modulating HY5-mediated photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis at the transcriptional level in tomato plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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17 pages, 3916 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nitric Oxide Enhanced Salt Stress Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings, Involving Phytohormone Equilibrium and Photosynthesis

by Lijuan Wei, Jing Zhang, Shouhui Wei, Dongliang Hu, Yayu Liu, Li Feng, Changxia Li, Nana Qi, Chunlei Wang and Weibiao Liao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 4539; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23094539 - 20 Apr 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2492

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO), as a ubiquitous gas signaling molecule, modulates various physiological and biochemical processes and stress responses in plants. In our study, the NO donor nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) significantly promoted tomato seedling growth under NaCl stress, whereas NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium (cPTIO) treatment reversed the positive effect of NO, indicating that NO plays an essential role in enhancing salt stress resistance. To explore the mechanism of NO-alleviated salt stress, the transcriptome of tomato leaves was analyzed. A total of 739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and classified into different metabolic pathways, especially photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and carbon metabolism. Of these, approximately 16 and 9 DEGs involved in plant signal transduction and photosynthesis, respectively, were further studied. We found that GSNO increased the endogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels but decreased abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene (ETH) levels under salt stress conditions. Additionally, GSNO induced increases in photosynthesis pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under NaCl stress, thereby enhancing the photosynthetic capacity of tomato seedlings. Moreover, the effects of NO mentioned above were reversed by cPTIO. Together, the results of this study revealed that NO regulates the expression of genes related to phytohormone signal transduction and photosynthesis antenna proteins and, therefore, regulates endogenous hormonal equilibrium and enhances photosynthetic capacity, alleviating salt toxicity in tomato seedlings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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17 pages, 2481 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phytoglobin Expression Alters the Na⁺/K⁺ Balance and Antioxidant Responses in Soybean Plants Exposed to Na₂SO₄

by Mohamed S. Youssef, Mohammed M. Mira, Sylvie Renault, Robert D. Hill and Claudio Stasolla

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(8), 4072; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23084072 - 07 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2038

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max) is an economically important crop which is very susceptible to salt stress. Tolerance to Na₂SO₄ stress was evaluated in soybean plants overexpressing or suppressing the phytoglobin GmPgb1. Salt stress depressed several gas exchange parameters, including the photosynthetic rate, caused leaf damage, and reduced the water content and dry weights. Lower expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHB and D), as well as enhanced antioxidant activity, resulting from GmPgb1 overexpression, limited ROS-induced damage in salt-stressed leaf tissue. The leaves also exhibited higher activities of the H₂O₂-quenching enzymes, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as enhanced levels of ascorbic acid. Relative to WT and GmPgb1-suppressing plants, overexpression of GmPgb1 attenuated the accumulation of foliar Na⁺ and exhibited a lower Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. These changes were attributed to the induction of the Na⁺ efflux transporter SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 (SOS1) limiting Na⁺ intake and transport and the inward rectifying K⁺ channel POTASSIUM TRANSPORTER 1 (AKT1) required for the maintenance of the Na⁺/K⁺ balance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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14 pages, 4621 KiB

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Nitric Oxide Extends the Postharvest Life of Water Bamboo Shoots Partly by Maintaining Mitochondrial Structure and Energy Metabolism

by Chunlu Qian, Zhengjie Ji, Chen Lin, Man Zhang, Jixian Zhang, Juan Kan, Jun Liu, Changhai Jin, Lixia Xiao and Xiaohua Qi

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1607; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23031607 - 30 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2025

Abstract

Harvested water bamboo shoots can be stored for only a few days before they lose weight and become soft. Nitrogen oxide (NO) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) have previously been used to prolong horticultural crop storage. In the present study, we analyzed the joint effect of these two methods on extending the postharvest quality of water bamboo shoots. Water bamboo shoots were treated with (1) 30 μL L⁻¹ NO, (2) MAP, and (3) a combination of NO and MAP. The NO treatment delayed the softness and weight loss through maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial ultrastructure and enhancing the ATP level by activating the expressions and activities of succinic dehydrogenase, malic acid dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase. MAP improved the effect of NO on the mitochondrial energy metabolism. These results indicate that NO and MAP treatments are effective at suppressing the quality deterioration of water bamboo shoots, MAP improves the effect of NO in extending postharvest life, and NO may be the main effective factor in the combination of NO and MAP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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Review

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22 pages, 2046 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nitric Oxide in Seed Biology

by Katarzyna Ciacka, Pawel Staszek, Katarzyna Sobczynska, Urszula Krasuska and Agnieszka Gniazdowska

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14951; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232314951 - 29 Nov 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2012

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) has been recognized as a gasotransmitter in the mainstream of plant research since the beginning of the 21st century. It is produced in plant tissue and the environment. It influences plant physiology during every ontogenetic stage from seed germination to plant senescence. In this review, we demonstrate the increased interest in NO as a regulatory molecule in combination with other signalling molecules and phytohormones in the information network of plant cells. This work is a summary of the current knowledge on NO action in seeds, starting from seed pretreatment techniques applied to increase seed quality. We describe mode of action of NO in the regulation of seed dormancy, germination, and aging. During each stage of seed physiology, NO appears to act as a key agent with a predominantly beneficial effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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12 pages, 1544 KiB

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Nitric Oxide Acts as an Inhibitor of Postharvest Senescence in Horticultural Products

by Yongchao Zhu, Mei Du, Xianping Jiang, Miao Huang and Jin Zhao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11512; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms231911512 - 29 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2029

Abstract

Horticultural products display fast senescence after harvest at ambient temperatures, resulting in decreased quality and shorter shelf life. As a gaseous signal molecule, nitric oxide (NO) has an important physiological effect on plants. Specifically, in the area of NO and its regulation of postharvest senescence, tremendous progress has been made. This review summarizes NO synthesis; the effect of NO in alleviating postharvest senescence; the mechanism of NO-alleviated senescence; and its interactions with other signaling molecules, such as ethylene (ETH), abscisic acid (ABA), melatonin (MT), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), hydrogen gas (H₂), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and calcium ions (Ca²⁺). The aim of this review is to provide theoretical references for the application of NO in postharvest senescence in horticultural products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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15 pages, 1543 KiB

Open AccessReview

Role of Nitric Oxide in Postharvest Senescence of Fruits

by Changxia Li, Wenjin Yu and Weibiao Liao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 10046; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms231710046 - 02 Sep 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2446

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a gaseous signalling molecule and is considered to be a key regulator in the postharvest storage of fruits. Postharvest senescence is one of the most serious threats affecting the usage and economic value of fruits. Most recent studies have found that exogenous NO application can effectively improve the quality and prolong the shelf life of fruit postharvest by inhibiting postharvest diseases and alleviating chilling injury. Understanding the roles of NO is essential to elucidating how NO activates the appropriate set of responses to postharvest senescence. Here, we concluded that exogenous NO treatment alleviated senescence in postharvest fruit and attributed this to the following factors: (1) ethylene biosynthesis, (2) the antioxidant system, (3) polyamine metabolism and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunting, (4) cell wall metabolism, (5) sugar metabolism, (6) energy metabolism, (7) the CRT/DRE-binding factor (CBF) pathway and (8) S-nitrosylation. Moreover, crosstalk between NO and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), oxalic acid (OA), arginine (Arg), GATA or plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), melatonin (MT), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), along with the regulation of key genes, were found to be very important in responses to postharvest senescence. In this study, we focus on the recent knowledge concerning the alleviative effect of NO on postharvest senescence, covering ethylene biosynthesis, the antioxidant system and related gene and protein expression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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16 pages, 1065 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Nitric Oxide Signaling in Plant Responses to Cadmium Stress

by Yuting Meng, Huaikang Jing, Jing Huang, Renfang Shen and Xiaofang Zhu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 6901; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23136901 - 21 Jun 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 2671

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a widely distributed gaseous signaling molecule in plants that can be synthesized through enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and plays an important role in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal pollutant widely found in the environment, which not only inhibits plant growth but also enters humans through the food chain and endangers human health. To reduce or avoid the adverse effects of Cd stress, plants have evolved a range of coping mechanisms. Many studies have shown that NO is also involved in the plant response to Cd stress and plays an important role in regulating the resistance of plants to Cd stress. However, until now, the mechanisms by which Cd stress regulates the level of endogenous NO accumulation in plant cells remained unclear, and the role of exogenous NO in plant responses to Cd stress is controversial. This review describes the pathways of NO production in plants, the changes in endogenous NO levels in plants under Cd stress, and the effects of exogenous NO on regulating plant resistance to Cd stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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19 pages, 1156 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Nitric Oxide in Plant Responses to Salt Stress

by Jian-Xiu Shang, Xiaoying Li, Chuanling Li and Liqun Zhao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(11), 6167; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23116167 - 31 May 2022

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 2785

Abstract

The gas nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in several biological processes in plants, including growth, development, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Salinity has received increasing attention from scientists as an abiotic stressor that can seriously harm plant growth and crop yields. Under saline conditions, plants produce NO, which can alleviate salt-induced damage. Here, we summarize NO synthesis during salt stress and describe how NO is involved in alleviating salt stress effects through different strategies, including interactions with various other signaling molecules and plant hormones. Finally, future directions for research on the role of NO in plant salt tolerance are discussed. This summary will serve as a reference for researchers studying NO in plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitric Oxide Signalling and Metabolism in Plants)

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