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Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 6635

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Monica de Mattei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental, Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: cell biology; stem cells; differentiation; osteogenesis; chondrogenesis; biophysical stimulation; pulsed electromagnetic field; differentiation ability; signaling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The concept of stem cells originated at the end of the 19th century because of the ability of certain tissues (blood, skin, etc.) to self-renew during their lifetime. Several years later, these cells were identified and isolated. Since then, methods for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) isolation, characterization, expansion in culture and evaluation of differentiation abilities have been impressively investigated. In the last 5 years alone, more than 33,102 papers have reported information on MSCs. MSCs have a crucial role in skeletal tissue regeneration. Due to their osteogenic and chondrogenic potential, they have acquired a prominent role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for bone and cartilage tissues. Most studies remain focused on bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs), although it is now known that MSCs are present in several other adult tissues. In spite of the growing knowledge, several questions still remain open: the identification of the optimal cellular source, the molecular basis for MSC population heterogeneity among tissue sources, parts of the body, as well as different donors and cell phenotypes, the optimization of the expansion and differentiation protocols to achieve stable osteogenic and chondrogenic phenotypes, and the impact of senescence. In addition, signaling pathways, epigenetic regulation and cell-to-cell communications still need to be clarified. We welcome submissions, including original papers and reviews, on these open questions. It is expected that these findings may help to favor skeletal tissue repair and optimize MSC use to efficiently manage joint disease.

Prof. Dr. Monica de Mattei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stem cells
  • differentiation
  • osteogenesis
  • chondrogenesis
  • markers of differentiation
  • epigenetic regulation
  • stem cell heterogeneity
  • stem cell senescence

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 5949 KiB  
Article
Electroactive Hydroxyapatite/Carbon Nanofiber Scaffolds for Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
by Baojun Sun, Yajie Sun, Shuwei Han, Ruitong Zhang, Xiujuan Wang, Chunxia Meng, Tuo Ji, Chunhui Sun, Na Ren, Shaohua Ge, Hong Liu, Yang Yu and Jingang Wang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 530; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms24010530 - 28 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1539
Abstract
Traditional bone defect treatments are limited by an insufficient supply of autologous bone, the immune rejection of allogeneic bone grafts, and high medical costs. To address this medical need, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising option. Among the existing tissue engineering [...] Read more.
Traditional bone defect treatments are limited by an insufficient supply of autologous bone, the immune rejection of allogeneic bone grafts, and high medical costs. To address this medical need, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising option. Among the existing tissue engineering materials, the use of electroactive scaffolds has become a common strategy in bone repair. However, single-function electroactive scaffolds are not sufficient for scientific research or clinical application. On the other hand, multifunctional electroactive scaffolds are often complicated and expensive to prepare. Therefore, we propose a new tissue engineering strategy that optimizes the electrical properties and biocompatibility of carbon-based materials. Here, a hydroxyapatite/carbon nanofiber (HAp/CNF) scaffold with optimal electrical activity was prepared by electrospinning HAp nanoparticle-incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and then carbonizing the fibers. Biochemical assessments of the markers of osteogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells (h-ADSCs) cultured on HAp/CNF scaffolds demonstrate that the material promoted the osteogenic differentiation of h-ADSCs in the absence of an osteogenic factor. The results of this study show that electroactive carbon materials with a fibrous structure can promote the osteogenic differentiation of h-ADSCs, providing a new strategy for the preparation and application of carbon-based materials in bone tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells)
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Review

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16 pages, 2788 KiB  
Review
Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Repair and Their Possible Clinical Uses: A Review of Recent Developments
by Emérito Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 14272; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms232214272 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2142
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) defects are frequent but hard to manage. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal illness that afflicts between 250 and 500 million people in the world. Even though traditional OA drugs can partly alleviate pain, these drugs cannot entirely cure OA. Since [...] Read more.
Articular cartilage (AC) defects are frequent but hard to manage. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal illness that afflicts between 250 and 500 million people in the world. Even though traditional OA drugs can partly alleviate pain, these drugs cannot entirely cure OA. Since cartilaginous tissue of the joints has a poor self-repair capacity and very poor proliferative ability, the healing of injured cartilaginous tissue of the joint has not been accomplished so far. Consequently, the discovery of efficacious mediations and regenerative treatments for OA is needed. This manuscript reviews the basic concepts and the recent developments on the molecular mechanisms of cartilage repair and their potential clinical applications. For this purpose, a literature exploration was carried out in PubMed for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. On 31 October 2022 and using “cartilage repair molecular mechanisms” as keywords, 41 articles were found in 2020, 42 in 2021, and 36 in 2022. Of the total of 119 articles, 80 were excluded as they were not directly related to the title of this manuscript. Of particular note are the advances concerning the mechanisms of action of hyaluronic acid, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), nanotechnology, enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EHZ2), hesperetin, high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2), α2-macroglobulin (α2M), proteoglycan 4 (Prg4)/lubricin, and peptides related to cartilage repair and treatment of OA. Despite the progress made, current science has not yet achieved a definitive solution for healing AC lesions or repairing cartilage in the case of OA. Therefore, further research into the molecular mechanisms of AC damage is needed in the coming decades. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells)
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19 pages, 2978 KiB  
Review
Biophysical Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation in the Context of Skeletal Repair
by Clark T. Hung, Jennifer Racine-Avila, Matthew J. Pellicore and Roy Aaron
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3919; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23073919 - 01 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2251
Abstract
A prominent feature of the skeleton is its ability to remodel in response to biophysical stimuli and to repair under varied biophysical conditions. This allows the skeleton considerable adaptation to meet its physiological roles of stability and movement. Skeletal cells and their mesenchymal [...] Read more.
A prominent feature of the skeleton is its ability to remodel in response to biophysical stimuli and to repair under varied biophysical conditions. This allows the skeleton considerable adaptation to meet its physiological roles of stability and movement. Skeletal cells and their mesenchymal precursors exist in a native environment rich with biophysical signals, and they sense and respond to those signals to meet organismal demands of the skeleton. While mechanical strain is the most recognized of the skeletal biophysical stimuli, signaling phenomena also include fluid flow, hydrostatic pressure, shear stress, and ion-movement-related electrokinetic phenomena including, prominently, streaming potentials. Because of the complex interactions of these electromechanical signals, it is difficult to isolate the significance of each. The application of external electrical and electromagnetic fields allows an exploration of the effects of these stimuli on cell differentiation and extra-cellular matrix formation in the absence of mechanical strain. This review takes a distinctly translational approach to mechanistic and preclinical studies of differentiation and skeletal lineage commitment of mesenchymal cells under biophysical stimulation. In vitro studies facilitate the examination of isolated cellular responses while in vivo studies permit the observation of cell differentiation and extracellular matrix synthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells)
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