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Nutrients
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Nutrition, Immune Responses and Autoimmune Diseases
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Nutrition, Immune Responses and Autoimmune Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 January 2024) | Viewed by 10513

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dimitris Tsoukalas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. European Institute of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
2. Metabolomic Medicine, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, Athens, Greece
Interests: autoimmune diseases; micronutrients; immune responses; metabolism; metabolomics; inflammation resolution; antioxidants; immunometabolism; metabolic imbalances; insulin resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are one of the most common chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by a loss of self-tolerance, affecting 5-10% of the global population. Although genetic predisposition is a common risk factor for the onset of these diseases, non-hereditary factors are primarily involved in their development.

The complexity of the interaction between nutrition and the immune response is critical in the rapid increase in autoimmune disease incidence. A person's nutritional status and overall metabolic health, shaped by the food intake (including food, nutrients, and bioactive compounds) and the endogenous metabolism, have a tremendous effect on the immune system. This effect may occur in the physical barrier (such as skin, mucous membrane, etc.), the microbiome, the innate immune system, and the adaptive immune system.

Metabolic imbalances leading to immune function deregulation involve insulin resistance, alterations in the gut microbiota, defective antioxidant mechanisms, a lack of micronutrients, as well as the reduced exposure to physiological germs (a process necessary for the immune system to mature). An increasing amount of evidence shows that we need to more comprehensively consider the diet pattern, the metabolic and nutritional status, the composition and function of the immune system, and the subsequent epigenetic modification process to improve our understanding of the diet–immune system interaction and its role in autoimmune diseases.

This Special Issue will encourage preclinical, clinical research, observational, and meta-analysis studies, and analytical reviews focused on the role of nutrition on immune response, autoimmunity, and potential nutritional strategies to manage autoimmune diseases.

Dr. Dimitris Tsoukalas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • autoimmune disease
  • nutrition
  • micronutrients
  • antioxidants
  • immune response
  • immunometabolism

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

33 pages, 2782 KiB  
Review
Infections and Autoimmunity—The Immune System and Vitamin D: A Systematic Review
by Sunil J. Wimalawansa
Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3842; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15173842 - 02 Sep 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4659
Abstract
Both 25-autoimmunity and(25(OH)D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens, reducing risks of autoimmunity, and maintaining health. Conversely, low 25(OH)D status increases susceptibility to infections and developing autoimmunity. This systematic [...] Read more.
Both 25-autoimmunity and(25(OH)D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens, reducing risks of autoimmunity, and maintaining health. Conversely, low 25(OH)D status increases susceptibility to infections and developing autoimmunity. This systematic review examines vitamin D’s mechanisms and effects on enhancing innate and acquired immunity against microbes and preventing autoimmunity. The study evaluated the quality of evidence regarding biology, physiology, and aspects of human health on vitamin D related to infections and autoimmunity in peer-reviewed journal articles published in English. The search and analyses followed PRISMA guidelines. Data strongly suggested that maintaining serum 25(OH)D concentrations of more than 50 ng/mL is associated with significant risk reduction from viral and bacterial infections, sepsis, and autoimmunity. Most adequately powered, well-designed, randomized controlled trials with sufficient duration supported substantial benefits of vitamin D. Virtually all studies that failed to conclude benefits or were ambiguous had major study design errors. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency costs less than 0.01% of the cost of investigation of worsening comorbidities associated with hypovitaminosis D. Despite cost-benefits, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remains high worldwide. This was clear among those who died from COVID-19 in 2020/21—most had severe vitamin D deficiency. Yet, the lack of direction from health agencies and insurance companies on using vitamin D as an adjunct therapy is astonishing. Data confirmed that keeping an individual’s serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) (and above 40 ng/mL in the population) reduces risks from community outbreaks, sepsis, and autoimmune disorders. Maintaining such concentrations in 97.5% of people is achievable through daily safe sun exposure (except in countries far from the equator during winter) or taking between 5000 and 8000 IU vitamin D supplements daily (average dose, for non-obese adults, ~70 to 90 IU/kg body weight). Those with gastrointestinal malabsorption, obesity, or on medications that increase the catabolism of vitamin D and a few other specific disorders require much higher intake. This systematic review evaluates non-classical actions of vitamin D, with particular emphasis on infection and autoimmunity related to the immune system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Immune Responses and Autoimmune Diseases)
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18 pages, 1303 KiB  
Review
Insights into Nutritional Strategies in Psoriasis
by Carolina Constantin, Mihaela Surcel, Adriana Munteanu and Monica Neagu
Nutrients 2023, 15(16), 3528; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15163528 - 10 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3234
Abstract
Psoriasis, an autoimmune chronic inflammatory skin condition, has a high incidence in the general population, reaching 2–4%. Its pathogenesis involves an interplay of genetic factors, immune disturbances, and environmental factors. Within the environmental factors that aid the appearance of this autoimmune skin disease, [...] Read more.
Psoriasis, an autoimmune chronic inflammatory skin condition, has a high incidence in the general population, reaching 2–4%. Its pathogenesis involves an interplay of genetic factors, immune disturbances, and environmental factors. Within the environmental factors that aid the appearance of this autoimmune skin disease, the Western lifestyle and overall diet play important roles in the steady growth in psoriasis prevalence. Furthermore, psoriasis is associated with comorbidities such as psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is an important risk factor for psoriasis. Moreover, obesity aggravates established psoriasis, and a reduction in the body mass index can improve the clinical outcomes of psoriasis and increase the efficacy of standard psoriasis therapies. The possible connection between this autoimmune disease and obesity relies on the fact that white adipose tissue is an essential endocrine organ that secretes an array of immune mediators and inflammatory and metabolic factors with pro-inflammatory action. Thus, immune-mediated mechanisms in both psoriasis and obesity conditions are common factors. This paper describes the factors that link obesity with skin autoimmune disease and highlights the importance of the stimulatory or regulatory effects of nutrients and food in psoriasis and the possible improvement of psoriasis through nutritional strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Immune Responses and Autoimmune Diseases)
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16 pages, 3486 KiB  
Review
Hematopoietic Stem Cell: Regulation and Nutritional Intervention
by Siyuan Sun, Yingxue Han, Yumei Lei, Yifei Yu, Yanbin Dong and Juan Chen
Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2605; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15112605 - 01 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1911
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are crucial for the life maintenance of bio-organisms. However, the mechanism of HSC regulation is intricate. Studies have shown that there are various factors, either intrinsically or extrinsically, that shape the profile of HSCs. This review systematically summarizes the [...] Read more.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are crucial for the life maintenance of bio-organisms. However, the mechanism of HSC regulation is intricate. Studies have shown that there are various factors, either intrinsically or extrinsically, that shape the profile of HSCs. This review systematically summarizes the intrinsic factors (i.e., RNA-binding protein, modulators in epigenetics and enhancer–promotor-mediated transcription) that are reported to play a pivotal role in the function of HSCs, therapies for bone marrow transplantation, and the relationship between HSCs and autoimmune diseases. It also demonstrates the current studies on the effects of high-fat diets and nutrients (i.e., vitamins, amino acids, probiotics and prebiotics) on regulating HSCs, providing a deep insight into the future HSC research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Immune Responses and Autoimmune Diseases)
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