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Nutrients
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Association between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health...
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Association between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2024 | Viewed by 4006

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jean L. Fry

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
Interests: nutrient analysis; vitamin D; cholecalciferol; vitamin D receptor; protein; skeletal muscle; blood glucose; resistance exercise; vitamin B12; cobalamin; aging; multiomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is increasingly recognized that overall dietary patterns and diet quality influence human health. Some dietary patterns, for example the Mediterranean diet, have been associated with favorable outcomes for many chronic diseases. Dietary patterns also encompass behavioral approaches to eating. For example, chronobiology-related patterns, such as meal timing and time-restricted feeding, have emerged as potentially relevant considerations for metabolic health. Social interactions and environmental factors are also important components of diet and eating patterns.

Studies of diet quality assess how routine eating practices provide diversity, essential nutrients, and other beneficial food components, while also limiting components that are known to be detrimental to health (e.g., trans fat and added sugars) or may negatively impact health (e.g., erythritol). Recent research has also considered aspects of diet quality including the level of food processing, overall adequacy of the complete nutrient profile, inclusion/exclusion and distribution of food groups, sustainability, and precision nutrition.

Given the timeliness and importance of this topic, we hope that you will consider submitting your manuscript to this Special Issue. We look forward to your contribution.

Dr. Jean L. Fry
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dietary patterns
  • diet quality
  • dietary quality indices
  • healthy eating index
  • time-restricted feeding
  • chronic disease
  • sustainability
  • successful aging
  • food security
  • ultra-processed foods
  • principal component analysis
  • plant-based diet

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1117 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Association between Protein Intake and Disability-Adjusted Life Year Rates for Alzheimer’s Disease in Japanese Aged over 60
by Kazuki Fujiwara, Takayuki Tanaka, Hisamine Kobayashi, Kenji Nagao and Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1221; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu16081221 - 19 Apr 2024
Viewed by 347
Abstract
With advancements in medical technology, the structure of disease is shifting from acute illnesses to chronic conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Consequently, there is an escalating need for evaluations that discourse on the potential effects on healthy life years, as well as [...] Read more.
With advancements in medical technology, the structure of disease is shifting from acute illnesses to chronic conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Consequently, there is an escalating need for evaluations that discourse on the potential effects on healthy life years, as well as disease onset. We aimed to evaluate the associations with AD disability-adjusted life year (AD-DALY) rates and protein intake by sex and age group. For the analysis, we used representative values for males and females in their 60s and aged over 70, extracted from the public dataset of the Global Burden of Disease Study and the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, covering the years 1990 to 2019. In order to evaluate the association between AD-DALY rates and protein intake, we analyzed correlations and stratified multiple regression models. Additionally, we simulated alterations in AD-DALY rates associated with changes in protein intake by utilizing stratified multiple regression models. AD-DALY rates and protein intake indicated significant negative correlations across all sex and age groups. In stratified multiple regression models, significant associations were found between higher protein intake and lower AD-DALY rates in females. In the simulation, when protein intake was increased to 1.5 g/kg/day, AD-DALY rates decreased by 5–9 percent compared with 2019. However, the association between intake of animal and plant protein and AD-DALY rates were found to vary based on sex and age group. The present study suggests the possibility to improve AD-DALY rates by increasing population average protein intake levels in a recommended range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Association between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases)
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14 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
A Cross-Sectional Study of Grocery Shopping Factors of Importance among Food-Insecure African Americans
by Cedric Harville II, Delores C. S. James, Amaria Patterson, Sheila Harper and Lindy Petchulat-McMillan
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1188; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu16081188 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 496
Abstract
The objective of this study was to (1) assess via cross-sectional survey the prevalence of food insecurity among African Americans [AAs] after their most recent grocery shopping trip, and (2) examine the grocery shopping factors of importance and characteristics of food-insecure AA grocery [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to (1) assess via cross-sectional survey the prevalence of food insecurity among African Americans [AAs] after their most recent grocery shopping trip, and (2) examine the grocery shopping factors of importance and characteristics of food-insecure AA grocery shoppers. Most (70.4%) were food-insecure. Food-insecure grocery shoppers were significantly more likely to be younger, less educated, who often skipped meals and/or practiced fasting, accessed a food pantry, were SNAP recipients, were considered to not be in ”good” health, and who had higher BMI compared to food-secure shoppers (p ≤ 0.03 * for all). Our data showed that AAs shopped for groceries a mean 2.20 ± 1.29 times per week, for low prices (72.1%), without a weekly budget (58.9%), with a grocery list (44.6%) or using an app (27.6%), for high-quality vegetables (27.5%), for good customer service (22.9%), for store brands (20.8%) and name brands (17.9%).Food-insecure shoppers were significantly more likely to grocery shop more times per week, have a weekly budget, and use an app, but were significantly less likely to report store brands, name brands, good customer service, and high-quality vegetables as grocery factors of importance (p ≤ 0.03 * for all). Grocery strategies such as shopping with a grocery app and/or grocery list could help food-insecure AAs reduce grocery trips, promote meal planning to save money, and avoid skipping meals/fasting, while eating healthier. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Association between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases)
14 pages, 973 KiB  
Article
Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Individuals Following Plant-Based Dietary Patterns Compared to Regular Meat-Eaters
by Grace Austin, Jessica J. A. Ferguson, Shaun Eslick, Christopher Oldmeadow, Lisa G. Wood and Manohar L. Garg
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 1063; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu16071063 - 05 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1267
Abstract
Plant-based diets (PBDs) have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim was to investigate the predicted 5-year and 10-year risk of developing CVD in individuals following PBDs compared to regular meat-eating diets. This cross-sectional study included n = [...] Read more.
Plant-based diets (PBDs) have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim was to investigate the predicted 5-year and 10-year risk of developing CVD in individuals following PBDs compared to regular meat-eating diets. This cross-sectional study included n = 240 middle-aged adults habitually consuming dietary patterns for ≥6 months: vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian (LOV), pesco-vegetarian (PV), semi-vegetarian (SV) or regular meat-eater (RME) (n = 48 per group). Predicted 5-year and 10-year CVD risks were quantified using the Framingham Risk Equation and the Australian Absolute CVD risk calculator, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis was used to adjust for age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol use and BMI. Over three-quarters of the participants were women, mean age of 53.8 yrs. After adjustments for potential confounders, there was no difference in the predicted risk of CVD between regular-meat diets and PBDs, although crude analyses revealed that vegans had a lower 5-year and 10-year predicted risk of CVD compared to RMEs. SVs, PVs and LOVs had lower CVD risk scores, however, not significantly. Vegans had a favourable cardiometabolic risk profile including significantly lower serum lipid levels, fasting blood glucose and dietary fats and higher dietary fibre intake compared to RMEs. This was the first study to purposefully sample Australians habitually following PBDs. We found that PBDs do not independently influence the predicted risk of CVD, although PBDs tended to have lower risk and vegans had significantly lower cardiometabolic risk factors for CVD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Association between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases)
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14 pages, 586 KiB  
Article
Adherence to a Traditional Mexican Diet Is Associated with Lower Hepatic Steatosis in US-Born Hispanics of Mexican Descent with Overweight or Obesity
by Melissa Lopez-Pentecost, Martha Tamez, Josiemer Mattei, Elizabeth T. Jacobs, Cynthia A. Thomson and David O. Garcia
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4997; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15234997 - 02 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1356
Abstract
Hispanics of Mexican descent have disproportionate rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this work is to investigate the association between the traditional Mexican diet score (tMexS) and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, two NAFLD-related clinical endpoints, in Hispanic adults of [...] Read more.
Hispanics of Mexican descent have disproportionate rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this work is to investigate the association between the traditional Mexican diet score (tMexS) and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, two NAFLD-related clinical endpoints, in Hispanic adults of Mexican descent. Data from 280 Hispanic adults of Mexican descent (n = 102 men, 178 women) with overweight or obesity enrolled in a cross-sectional observational study were analyzed. The tMexS was calculated from 24 h dietary recalls. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis measurements were assessed using transient elastography (Fibroscan®). Linear regression models testing the association between tMexS and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were run individually and through the stratification of significant modifiers. Mean tMexS were 5.9 ± 2.1, hepatic steatosis scores were 288.9 ± 48.9 dB/m, and fibrosis scores were 5.6 ± 2.2 kPa. Among the US-born group, with every point increase in the tMexS, there was a statistically significant 5.7 lower hepatic steatosis point (95% CI: −10.9, −0.6, p-value = 0.07). Higher adherence to a traditional Mexican diet was associated with lower hepatic steatosis in US-born Hispanics of Mexican descent. Findings from the current work may serve to inform future culturally relevant interventions for NAFLD prevention and management in individuals of Mexican descent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Association between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases)
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