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Dear Colleagues,

Recent findings clearly demonstrate that dietary patterns as well nutritional compounds play key roles on the onset and progression of neurological disorders, including genetic predisposition to develop neuronal cancers as well sporadic neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of this Special Issue is to provide new insight into the role of dietary patterns as well as micro and macro nutrients in relation to the onset and progression of neurological diseases. We aim to gather articles analyzing the molecular mechanisms regulated by defined nutritional compounds, including both micro and macro nutrients. Furthermore, this Special Issue aims to present articles analyzing the effect of nutrients both on the neuronal system and microbiome, since the gut–brain axis is important for the progression of neurological diseases. This Special Issue aims to provide research articles as well reviews that explore the role of nutrients and dietary patterns in modulating microbiome and the gut–brain axis as well the molecular mechanisms directly regulating the nervous system.

Dr. Lorena Perrone
Dr. William B. Grant
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Alzheimer’s disease
cognitive dysfunction
neurodegeneration
dietary patterns
gut–brain axis
micro and macro nutrients
microbiome
molecular pathways
neurodegeneration
nutrient–SNS axis
TMAO

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1235 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Defining the Silhouette of Disease Features in Overweight Patients

by Laura Papetti, Elena Panella, Gabriele Monte, Michela Ada Noris Ferilli, Samuela Tarantino, Martina Proietti Checchi and Massimiliano Valeriani

Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4880; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15234880 - 22 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 936

Abstract

Obesity has been suggested as an environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and may negatively effect the progression of the disease. The aim of this study is to determine any correlation between overweight/obesity and the clinical and neuroradiological features at the onset of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). Were included patients referred to the POMS Unit of the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital between June 2012 and June 2021. The diagnosis of MS with an onset of less than 18 years was required. For all included subjects, we considered for the analysis the following data at the onset of symptoms: general data (age, sex, functional system compromised by neurological signs, weight and height), brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid exams. We identified 55 pediatric cases of POMS and divided them into two groups according to the body mass index (BMI): 60% were healthy weight (HW) and 40% were overweight/obese (OW/O). OW/O patients experienced a two-year age difference in disease onset compared to the HW patients (12.7 ± 3.8 years vs. 14.6 ± 4.1 years; p < 0.05). Onset of polyfocal symptoms was seen more frequently in OW/O patients than in HW (72.7% vs. 21.2%; p < 0.05). The pyramidal functions were involved more frequently in the OW/O group than in the HW group (50% vs. 25%; p < 0.005). Black holes were detected more frequently in OW/O patients in onset MRI scans compared to the HW group (50% vs. 15.5%; p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that being overweight/obese affects the risk of developing MS at an earlier age and is associated with an unfavorable clinical–radiological features at onset. Weight control can be considered as a preventive/therapeutic treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Nutrients on Neurological Disorders)

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17 pages, 4951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sex Specificity in the Mixed Effects of Blood Heavy Metals and Cognitive Function on Elderly: Evidence from NHANES

by Shuaixing Song, Nan Liu, Guoxu Wang, Yulin Wang, Xiaoan Zhang, Xin Zhao, Hui Chang, Zengli Yu and Xiaozhuan Liu

Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2874; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15132874 - 25 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2005

Abstract

The way that males and females react to environmental exposures and negative impacts on their neurological systems is often different. Although previous research has examined the cognitively impairing effects of solitary metal exposures, the relationship between metal mixtures and cognitive function, particularly when considering an individual’s sex, remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the sex differences in the association between multiple metal combinations and cognitive function in older Americans. This research employed the 2011–2014 NHANES survey of elderly Americans. The association between five mixed metals and four cognitive tests (the animal fluency test (AFT), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), the instant recall test (IRT), and the delayed recall test (DRT)) were investigated with generalized linear regression model (GLM), Bayesian kernel machine regression model (BKMR), weighted quantile sum regression model (WQS), and quantile g-computation regression model (Qgcomp). A total of 1833 people, including 883 males and 950 females, enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We discovered that blood lead and blood cadmium were negatively associated with cognitive performance, while blood selenium demonstrated a positive association with cognitive function in older people. The negative relationship of heavy metal combinations on cognitive function might be somewhat reduced or even reversed via selenium. The IRT, AFT, and DSST are three of the four cognitive tests where men had more dramatic positive or negative results. There was a sex-specific connection between blood metal ratios and cognitive function among older Americans, as evidenced by the more significant relationship between mixed metals and cognitive performance in men (either positively or negatively). These results emphasize the impacts of ambient heavy metal exposure on cognitive function by employing sex-specific methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Nutrients on Neurological Disorders)

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