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Nutrients
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Early Life Nutrition and Future Health: Food Contaminants’ Impacts
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Early Life Nutrition and Future Health: Food Contaminants’ Impacts

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 15498

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jerome Gay-Quéheillard

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Guest Editor
Périnatalité et Risques toxiques (PériTox), UMR-I-01, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80000, France

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

For several years, numerous studies have indicated that a small part of baby’s health is of genetic origin, while most of it comes from their environment in early life. Healthy balanced nutrition during pregnancy, infancy, and toddlerhood can have a profound impact on a child’s development and long-term health. It now appears obvious that shaping long-term health is not only driven by genetics but also epigenetics. Some diet components are known to be beneficial, while others are prone to be deleterious. Building a healthy gut microbiota through a balanced diet, possibly supplemented by prebiotics and probiotics, is essential for the development of a healthy immune system. In addition to the quality of a varied diet and its nutrient composition, various food contaminants may impact a baby’s health and its harmonious development during the first 1000 days of life. For example, food contaminants such as pesticides, neoformed compounds, endocrine disruptors, and heavy metals can induce highly deleterious health outcomes and may interfere with the pre-established programming, having strong incidence regarding various main body functions.

The aim of this Special Issue is to update knowledge on the impacts of food contaminants during early life nutrition on the health of the developing child and the occurrence of obesity and metabolic disorders, food allergies, and gut homeostasis defects such as inflammation and other non-communicable chronic diseases. We welcome different types of manuscript submissions, including original research articles and up-to-date reviews (systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

Dr. Jerome Gay-Quéheillard
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • perinatal period
  • food contaminants
  • pesticides
  • neoformed compounds
  • endocrine disruptors
  • heavy metals
  • allergies
  • obesity
  • metabolic dysfunction
  • gut inflammation
  • non-communicable chronic diseases

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1597 KiB  
Article
The Multi-Component Causes of Late Neonatal Sepsis—Can We Regulate Them?
by Magdalena Pilarczyk-Zurek, Grzegorz Majka, Beata Skowron, Agnieszka Baranowska, Monika Piwowar and Magdalena Strus
Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 243; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14020243 - 07 Jan 2022
Viewed by 1751
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms of bacterial translocation is crucial for the prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of lactoferrin to inhibit the development of late-onset blood infection in neonates. Our investigation evaluates the role [...] Read more.
Elucidating the mechanisms of bacterial translocation is crucial for the prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of lactoferrin to inhibit the development of late-onset blood infection in neonates. Our investigation evaluates the role of key stress factors leading to the translocation of intestinal bacteria into the bloodstream and, consequently, the development of life-threatening sepsis. Three stress factors, namely weaning, intraperitoneal administration of Gram-positive cocci and oral intake of Gram-negative rods, were found to act synergistically. We developed a novel model of rat pups sepsis induced by bacterial translocation and observed the inhibition of this process by supplementation of various forms of lactoferrin: iron-depleted (apolactoferrin), iron-saturated (hololactoferrin) and manganese-saturated lactoferrin. Additionally, lactoferrin saturated with manganese significantly increases the Lactobacillus bacterial population, which contributes to the fortification of the intestinal barrier and inhibits the translocation phenomenon. The acquired knowledge can be used to limit the development of sepsis in newborns in hospital neonatal intensive care units. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Life Nutrition and Future Health: Food Contaminants’ Impacts)
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9 pages, 312 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Factors Associated with Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Newborns
by Juliany Caroline Silva de Sousa, Ana Verônica Dantas de Carvalho, Lorena de Carvalho Monte de Prada, Arthur Pedro Marinho, Kerolaynne Fonseca de Lima, Suianny Karla de Oliveira Macedo, Camila Dayze Pereira Santos, Saionara Maria Aires da Câmara, Anna Christina do Nascimento Granjeiro Barreto and Silvana Alves Pereira
Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 196; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14010196 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2393
Abstract
Background: Delayed onset of minimal enteral nutrition compromises the immune response of preterm infants, increasing the risk of colonization and clinical complications (e.g., late-onset sepsis). This study aimed to analyze associations between late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight infants (<1500 g) and [...] Read more.
Background: Delayed onset of minimal enteral nutrition compromises the immune response of preterm infants, increasing the risk of colonization and clinical complications (e.g., late-onset sepsis). This study aimed to analyze associations between late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight infants (<1500 g) and days of parenteral nutrition, days to reach full enteral nutrition, and maternal and nutritional factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with very low birth weight infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a reference maternity hospital of high-risk deliveries. Data regarding days of parenteral nutrition, days to reach full enteral nutrition, fasting days, extrauterine growth restriction, and NICU length of stay were extracted from online medical records. Late-onset sepsis was diagnosed (clinical or laboratory) after 48 h of life. Chi-squared, Mann–Whitney tests, and binary logistic regression were applied. Results: A total of 97 preterm infants were included. Of those, 75 presented late-onset sepsis with clinical (n = 40) or laboratory (n = 35) diagnosis. Maternal urinary tract infection, prolonged parenteral nutrition (>14 days), and extrauterine growth restriction presented 4.24-fold, 4.86-fold, and 4.90-fold higher chance of late-onset sepsis, respectively. Conclusion: Very low birth weight infants with late-onset sepsis had prolonged parenteral nutrition and took longer to reach full enteral nutrition. They also presented a higher prevalence of extrauterine growth restriction than infants without late-onset sepsis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Life Nutrition and Future Health: Food Contaminants’ Impacts)
20 pages, 2299 KiB  
Article
Dietary Habits and Relationship with the Presence of Main and Trace Elements, Bisphenol A, Tetrabromobisphenol A, and the Lipid, Microbiological and Immunological Profiles of Breast Milk
by Irma Castro, Rebeca Arroyo, Marina Aparicio, María Ángeles Martínez, Joaquim Rovira, Susana Ares, Sara Cristina Cunha, Susana Casal, Jose Oliveira Fernandes, Marta Schuhmacher, Martí Nadal, Juan Miguel Rodríguez and Leónides Fernández
Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4346; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13124346 - 02 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2718
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the best way to feed an infant, although it can also be a source of abiotic contaminants such as heavy metals or bisphenol A (BPA). The early life exposure to these compounds can lead to serious toxic effects in both the [...] Read more.
Breastfeeding is the best way to feed an infant, although it can also be a source of abiotic contaminants such as heavy metals or bisphenol A (BPA). The early life exposure to these compounds can lead to serious toxic effects in both the short and long-term. These substances can reach breast milk through the mother’s habits, diet being one of the main routes of exposure. The aim of the present work was to analyse possible associations between the dietary habits of women and the content of major trace elements, BPA, fatty acids and lipids, and the microbiological and immunological profiles of human milk. Possible associations between major trace elements and BPA and the lipid, microbiological and immunological profiles were also analysed. The results of this study support that the microbiological composition of human milk is associated with the dietary habits of the women, and that the consumption of canned drinks is related to the presence of BPA in human milk. Furthermore, some relationships were found between the amount of major trace elements and the microbiological and immunological profile of the milk samples. Finally, the presence of BPA was associated with changes in the immunological profile of human milk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Life Nutrition and Future Health: Food Contaminants’ Impacts)
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13 pages, 308 KiB  
Article
Dietary Sources of Melamine Exposure among US Children and Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004
by Melissa M. Melough, Deborah Foster, Amanda M. Fretts and Sheela Sathyanarayana
Nutrients 2020, 12(12), 3844; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12123844 - 16 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2040
Abstract
Melamine is a high-production-volume chemical and a kidney toxicant. Diet is a key source of melamine exposure, yet little is known about which foods in the US diet may be contaminated. This study evaluated the associations of foods and dietary patterns with melamine [...] Read more.
Melamine is a high-production-volume chemical and a kidney toxicant. Diet is a key source of melamine exposure, yet little is known about which foods in the US diet may be contaminated. This study evaluated the associations of foods and dietary patterns with melamine exposure using data from 478 US adults and children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004. Melamine concentrations were measured in spot urine samples. Dietary recalls were used to collect dietary data from the day preceding urine collection. Melamine was detectable (>0.09 ng/mL) in 76.2% of the participants’ urine. The geometric mean urinary melamine was 11.563 µg/g of creatinine (standard error (SE): 1.235). In adjusted linear regression models, each additional ounce of processed meats or whole grains was associated with 10.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7, 19.0; p = 0.007) or 17.4% (95% CI: 4.7, 31.7; p = 0.006) greater creatinine-adjusted melamine concentrations, respectively. A dietary pattern characterized by high fruit, whole grain, milk, and yogurt intake was positively associated with melamine exposure. In conclusion, processed meats, whole grains, and possibly other plant-based foods may be important melamine sources in the US. Future research should confirm these findings using more recent data and examine the potential health risks of chronic low-level melamine exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Life Nutrition and Future Health: Food Contaminants’ Impacts)
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Review

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12 pages, 2105 KiB  
Review
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Early Life on Children’s Growth and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Kristine Ma, Shu Qin Wei, Wei Guang Bi, Hope A. Weiler and Shi Wu Wen
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 524; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13020524 - 05 Feb 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4646
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or infancy is associated with adverse growth in children. No systematic review has been conducted to summarize available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on growth and body composition in children. [...] Read more.
Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or infancy is associated with adverse growth in children. No systematic review has been conducted to summarize available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on growth and body composition in children. Objective: We aim to summarize the available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on child growth and body composition. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on the effects of vitamin D supplementation during early life on children’s growth and body composition (bone, lean and fat). A literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and infancy on children’s body composition (bone, lean and fat) in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from inception to 31 December 2020. A Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool was used for quality assessment. The comparison was vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo or standard care. Random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analyses were conducted. The effects are presented as mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 3960 participants from eleven randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was associated with higher triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (MD 0.33, 95% CI, 0.12, 0.54; I2 = 34%) in neonates. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy was associated with significantly increased length for age z-score in infants at 1 year of age (MD 0.29, 95% CI, 0.03, 0.54; I2 = 0%), and was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) (MD −0.19, 95% CI −0.34, −0.04; I2 = 0%) and body mass index z-score (BMIZ) (MD −0.12, 95% CI −0.21, −0.04; I2 = 0%) in offspring at 3–6 years of age. Vitamin D supplementation during early life was not observed to be associated with children’s bone, lean or fat mass. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy may be associated with reduced adiposity in childhood. Further large clinical trials of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on childhood body composition are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Life Nutrition and Future Health: Food Contaminants’ Impacts)
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1 pages, 164 KiB  
Erratum
Erratum: Melough, M.M.; et al. Dietary Sources of Melamine Exposure among US Children and Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3844
by Melissa M. Melough, Deborah Foster, Amanda M. Fretts and Sheela Sathyanarayana
Nutrients 2021, 13(3), 958; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13030958 - 16 Mar 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1247
Abstract
The authors have requested that the following changes be made to their paper [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Life Nutrition and Future Health: Food Contaminants’ Impacts)
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