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Nutrients
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Malnutrition and Immune System
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Malnutrition and Immune System

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 5524

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anastasia Z. Kalea

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
2. Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
Interests: cardiovascular disease; metabolic disease; inflammation; obesity; diet; micronutrients; personalised nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Elizabeth C Jury

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
Interests: autoimmunity; lipids; metabolomics; cardiovascular risk; immune response

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The functional capabilities of the immune system and the host resistance to infection rely on nutritional status. The recent Covid-19 pandemic revealed the impact of poor nutrition on vulnerability to infection complications.

Malnutrition is a state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (or imbalance) of energy, protein, fats, and other nutrients leads to assessable adverse effects on every system in the body, and always results in increased susceptibility to illness, increased complications, and even death.

Marginal intakes of critical vitamins, minerals, and essential amino acids are necessary for a robust immune system able to fight infection. Moreover, the presence of malnutrition is further exacerbated by the declining gastrointestinal uptake of micronutrients and macronutrients that may occur in high-risk populations living with chronic diseases or being of advanced age.

The purpose of this Special Issue on “Malnutrition and the Immune system” is to offer a novel insight into the effects of nutrition status on immunity. We aim to gather a series of manuscripts on how poor nutrition status influences immune cell homeostasis and on how a balanced diet composed of nutrients vital to health may reduce infection and disease progression, while improving recovery during the course of the disease.

Dr. Anastasia Z. Kalea
Prof. Dr. Elizabeth C Jury
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • malnutrition
  • under-nutrition
  • over-nutrition
  • nutrition status
  • dietary nutrients
  • immune function
  • immunodeficiency
  • inflammation
  • infection
  • metabolism.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 309 KiB  
Article
Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D
by Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez, Mario Flores-Aldana and Salvador Villalpando
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3814; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13113814 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2165
Abstract
Anemia in older adults is a growing public health issue in Mexico; however, its etiology remains largely unknown. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) have been implicated in the development of anemia, though by different mechanisms. The aim of this [...] Read more.
Anemia in older adults is a growing public health issue in Mexico; however, its etiology remains largely unknown. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) have been implicated in the development of anemia, though by different mechanisms. The aim of this study is to analyze the etiology of anemia and anemia-related factors in older Mexican adults. This is a cross-sectional study of 803 older adults from the southern region of Mexico in 2015. The anemia etiologies analyzed were chronic kidney disease (CKD), nutritional deficiencies (ND), anemia of inflammation (AI), anemia of multiple causes (AMC) and unexplained anemia (UEA). VAD was considered to be s-retinol ≤ 20 μg/dL, and VDD if 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. IL-6 and hepcidin were also measured. Multinomial regression models were generated and adjusted for confounders. Anemia was present in 35.7% of OA, independent of sex. UEA, CKD, AI and ND were confirmed in 45%, 29.3%, 14.6% and 7% of older adults with anemia, respectively. Hepcidin and log IL-6 were associated with AI (p < 0.05) and CKD (p < 0.001). VAD was associated with AI (p < 0.001), and VDD with ND and AMC (p < 0.05). Log-IL6 was associated with UEA (p < 0.001). In conclusion, anemia in older adults has an inflammatory component. VAD was associated to AI and VDD with ND and AMC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Malnutrition and Immune System)
15 pages, 2622 KiB  
Article
The IHAT-GUT Iron Supplementation Trial in Rural Gambia: Barriers, Facilitators, and Benefits
by Isabella Stelle, Lorraine K. McDonagh, Ilias Hossain, Anastasia Z. Kalea and Dora I. A. Pereira
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1140; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13041140 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2424
Abstract
Introduction: In most sub-Saharan African countries iron deficiency anaemia remains highly prevalent in children and this has not changed in the last 25 years. Supplementation with iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT) was being investigated in anaemic children in a phase two clinical trial [...] Read more.
Introduction: In most sub-Saharan African countries iron deficiency anaemia remains highly prevalent in children and this has not changed in the last 25 years. Supplementation with iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT) was being investigated in anaemic children in a phase two clinical trial (termed IHAT-GUT), conducted at the Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) (abbreviated as MRCG hereof). This qualitative study aimed to explore the personal perceptions of the trial staff in relation to conducting a clinical trial in such settings in order to highlight the health system specific needs and strengths in the rural, resource-poor setting of the Upper River Region in the Gambia. Methods: Individual interviews (n = 17) were conducted with local trial staff of the IHAT-GUT trial. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Potential barriers and facilitators to conducting this clinical trial were identified at the patient, staff, and trial management levels. Several challenges, such as the rural location and cultural context, were identified but noted as not being long-term inhibitors. Participants believed the facilitators and benefits outnumbered the barriers, and included the impact on education and healthcare, the ambitious and knowledgeable locally recruited staff, and the local partnership. Conclusions: While facilitators and barriers were identified to conducting this clinical trial in a rural, resource-poor setting, the overall impact was perceived as beneficial, and this study is a useful example of community involvement and partnership for further health improvement programs. To effectively implement a nutrition intervention, the local health systems and context must be carefully considered through qualitative research beforehand. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Malnutrition and Immune System)
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