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Nutrients
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Nutrient Sensing Disease
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Nutrient Sensing Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 10687

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Katsumi Iizuka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
Interests: sugar intake and obesity; dysmetabolic syndrome; malignancy; dental caries; gallstones
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) serve to generate energy and provide tissue growth and repair. Macronutrients and their metabolites act as signaling molecules in all metabolic processes.　

AMPK and mTOR are known to be involved in metabolite sensing and signaling pathways. In addition, nutrients (glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids) induce metabolic gene expression through the activation of the ChREBP, SREBPs, PPARs, GCN2/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and mTORC1 signaling pathways. Nutrient signaling also targets enzymes that control epigenetic modifications on histones and DNA, thereby promoting tumorgenesis and metastasis. Thus, intracellular nutrient sensing plays important roles in metabolism and cell growth as well as in ageing and tumorigenesis. Moreover, the dysregulation of nutrient sensing can result in metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy, because several nutrients also regulate insulin and incretin (GIP and GLP-1) secretion.

This Special Issue, “Nutrient Sensing and Disease”, therefore solicits manuscripts describing  human and animal studies focused on the relationship between nutrient sensing and disease. Experimental papers, review articles, and commentaries are welcome.

Dr. Katsumi Iizuka
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nutrient sensing
  • Nutritional gene regulation
  • Tumorigenesis
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Incretin (GIP and GLP-1)

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1338 KiB  
Article
The Effect of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity on the Expression of Nutrient Chemosensors in the Mouse Stomach and the Gastric Ghrelin Cell
by Maria Nunez-Salces, Hui Li, Stewart Christie and Amanda J. Page
Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2493; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12092493 - 19 Aug 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3432
Abstract
The stomach is the primary source of the orexigenic and adiposity-promoting hormone, ghrelin. There is emerging evidence on the nutrient-mediated modulation of gastric ghrelin secretion. However, limited information is available on gastric nutrient-sensing mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. This study investigated the [...] Read more.
The stomach is the primary source of the orexigenic and adiposity-promoting hormone, ghrelin. There is emerging evidence on the nutrient-mediated modulation of gastric ghrelin secretion. However, limited information is available on gastric nutrient-sensing mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. This study investigated the impact of HFD-induced obesity on the expression of nutrient chemosensors in mouse stomach, particularly ghrelin cells. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks. The expression of ghrelin, enzymes involved in ghrelin production (PC1/3, GOAT) and nutrient chemosensors (CD36, FFAR2&4, GPR93, CaSR, mGluR4 and T1R3) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR in the mouse corpus and antrum. Immunohistochemistry assessed the protein expression of CaSR and ghrelin in the corpus and antrum. Antral mRNA levels of CaSR and PC1/3 were increased in HFD compared to SLD mice, while mRNA levels of all other nutrient chemosensors examined remained unchanged. CaSR immunolabelling was observed in the gastric antrum only. Nearly 80% of antral ghrelin cells expressed CaSR, with a similar cell density and co-expression in SLD and HFD mice. In conclusion, HFD-induced obesity increased CaSR mRNA expression in mouse antrum. However, the high antral co-expression of CaSR and ghrelin was unaltered in HFD compared to SLD mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrient Sensing Disease)
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14 pages, 640 KiB  
Article
Profiles Combining Muscle Atrophy and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Are Associated with Prognosis of Patients with Stage IV Gastric Cancer
by Kota Shigeto, Takumi Kawaguchi, Shunji Koya, Keisuke Hirota, Toshimitsu Tanaka, Sachiko Nagasu, Masaru Fukahori, Tomoyuki Ushijima, Hiroo Matsuse, Keisuke Miwa, Koji Nagafuji and Takuji Torimura
Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1884; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12061884 - 24 Jun 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3393
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the impact of muscle atrophy and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a sub-clinical biomarker of inflammation and nutrition, on the prognosis of patients with unresectable advanced gastric cancer. We retrospectively enrolled 109 patients with stage IV gastric cancer (median age [...] Read more.
We aimed to investigate the impact of muscle atrophy and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a sub-clinical biomarker of inflammation and nutrition, on the prognosis of patients with unresectable advanced gastric cancer. We retrospectively enrolled 109 patients with stage IV gastric cancer (median age 69 years; female/male 22%/78%; median observational period 261 days). Independent factors and profiles for overall survival (OS) were determined by Cox regression analysis and decision-tree analysis, respectively. OS was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The prevalence of muscle atrophy was 82.6% and the median NLR was 3.15. In Cox regression analysis, none of factors were identified as an independent factor for survival. The decision-tree analysis revealed that the most favorable prognostic profile was non-muscle atrophy (OS rate 36.8%). The most unfavorable prognostic profile was the combination of muscle atrophy and high NLR (OS rate 19.6%). The OS rate was significantly lower in patients with muscle atrophy and high NLR than in patients with non-muscle atrophy (1-year survival rate 28.5% vs. 54.7%; log-rank test p = 0.0014). In conclusion, “muscle atrophy and high NLR” was a prognostic profile for patients with stage IV gastric cancer. Thus, the assessment of muscle mass, subclinical inflammation, and malnutrition may be important for the management of patients with stage IV gastric cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrient Sensing Disease)
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14 pages, 1941 KiB  
Article
Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score is Associated with Overall Survival in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Lenvatinib: A Multicenter Cohort Study
by Shigeo Shimose, Takumi Kawaguchi, Hideki Iwamoto, Masatoshi Tanaka, Ken Miyazaki, Miki Ono, Takashi Niizeki, Tomotake Shirono, Shusuke Okamura, Masahito Nakano, Hideya Suga, Taizo Yamaguchi, Yoshinori Yokokura, Kazunori Noguchi, Hironori Koga and Takuji Torimura
Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 1076; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12041076 - 13 Apr 2020
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3342
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the impact of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, an immuno-nutritional biomarker, on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with lenvatinib (LEN). This retrospective study enrolled 164 patients with HCC and treated with LEN (median age [...] Read more.
We aimed to investigate the impact of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, an immuno-nutritional biomarker, on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with lenvatinib (LEN). This retrospective study enrolled 164 patients with HCC and treated with LEN (median age 73 years, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B/C 93/71). Factors associated with overall survival (OS) were evaluated using multivariate and decision tree analyses. OS was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and analyzed using the log–rank test. Independent factors for OS were albumin–bilirubin grade 1, BCLC stage B, and CONUT score <5 (hazard ratio (HR) 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58–5.31, p < 0.001). The CONUT score was the most important variable for OS, with OS rates of 70.0% and 29.0% in the low and high CONUT groups, respectively. Additionally, the median survival time was longer in the low CONUT group than in the high CONUT group (median survival time not reached vs. 11.3 months, p < 0.001). The CONUT score was the most important prognostic variable, rather than albumin–bilirubin grade and BCLC stage, in patients with HCC treated with LEN. Accordingly, immuno-nutritional status may be an important factor in the management of patients with HCC treated with LEN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrient Sensing Disease)
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