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Nutrition and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2022) | Viewed by 10770

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Prof. Dr. Karani S. Vimaleswaran

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Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK
Interests: lifestyle–gene interactions; diet–gene interactions; physical activity–gene interactions; nutrigenetics; nutrigenomics; obesity; diabetes; cardiovascular disease; gut microbiome; precision nutrition; personalised nutrition
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most important causes of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. The development of CVD is associated with unhealthy dietary lifestyle together with a lack of exercise, overweight and obesity, stress, alcohol consumption, or a smoking habit. Studies have shown the effectiveness of healthy dietary patterns and lifestyles for the prevention of CVD. Furthermore, the rising incidence of CVD over the last 25 years has become a public health priority, especially the prevention of CVD through dietary interventions. Furthermore, biomarkers and genetic data have also helped enrich the fields of clinical, genetic, and biological research pertaining to CVD. Given that CVD is a complex multifactorial disease, there are unique opportunities to investigate novel biomarkers, gene–environment interactions, epigenetic, metabolomic, and gut microbiome markers in relation to the risk of CVD. Increasing the knowledge in these areas of research will be helpful for the development of evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of CVD.

This Special Issue, “Nutrition and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases”, welcomes manuscripts related to human and animal studies focused on the roles of dietary and related lifestyle factors, genetic, epigenetic, nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, metabolomic and microbiome markers in CVD, as well as in vitro studies aimed at elucidating the potential molecular mechanisms of the role of macro- and micro-nutrients in CVDs. Experimental papers, review articles, and commentaries are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Karani S. Vimaleswaran
Guest Editor

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Keywords

nutrition
dietary pattern
cardiovascular disease
nutrigenetics
nutrigenomics
metabolomics
epigenetics
microbiome

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 265 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Late-Night Overeating or Low-Quality Food Choices Late at Night Are Associated with Subclinical Vascular Damage in Patients at Increased Cardiovascular Risk

by Eirini D. Basdeki, Konstantina Koumi, Christiana Tsirimiagkou, Antonios Argyris, Stavri Chrysostomou, Petros P. Sfikakis, Athanase D. Protogerou and Kalliopi Karatzi

Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 470; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14030470 - 21 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4695

Abstract

Late-night overeating (LNO) is associated with several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Limited data exist regarding the association between late-night (LN) systematic food consumption, LNO, and LN poor food quality with subclinical vascular damage (SVD) which precedes the onset of CVD. This study aimed to investigate the above associations with SVD in a large sample of adults, free of established CVD, with one or more CVD risk factors. In total, 901 adults (45.2% males) underwent anthropometric, dietary (through two 24 h dietary recalls) and vascular assessment. LN systematic eating was defined as consumption of food after 19:00 h in both dietary recalls and LNO was defined as systematic consumption of >40% of daily total energy intake (dTEI) after 19:00 h. Systematic LN food consumption was inversely associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−1.44 95% C.I. (−2.76, −0.12)) after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, BMI and dTEI. LNO was positively associated with existence of carotid plaques (1.70 95% C.I. (1.07, 2.68)), while LN increased consumption of red meat, refined grains and wine and low consumption of whole wheat grains was positively associated with Aix (Augmentation Index) (0.84 95% C.I. (0.09, 1.59)), after adjusting for all the mentioned confounders. Systematic LN eating is associated with lower DBP while systematic LNO and consumption of poor-quality food late at night, is associated with SVD. Further research is needed to define more accurately the impact of LN eating habits on vascular health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases)

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12 pages, 1346 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Controlling a Nutritional Status Score on Wound Healing in Patients with Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia after Endovascular Treatment

by Kaori Mine, Makoto Sugihara, Takafumi Fujita, Yuta Kato, Koki Gondo, Tadaaki Arimura, Yosuke Takamiya, Yuhei Shiga, Takashi Kuwano and Shin-ichiro Miura

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3710; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13113710 - 22 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2073

Abstract

Background: Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is the most advanced stage of peripheral artery disease. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to avoid major amputation in CLTI patients. Malnutrition worsens the condition of CLTI patients, and therefore, it may be important to evaluate the nutritional status in patients with CLTI. This study was designed to evaluate the baseline patient characteristics and the influence of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score on the clinical results. Method and Results: A retrospective, single-center, non-randomized study was conducted to evaluate the associations of death, major amputation, and wound healing rate at 12 months with the CONUT score on admission. Consecutive CLTI patients (mean age 73.2 ± 10.4 years; 84 males) who underwent endovascular therapy (EVT) for infra-popliteal lesions at Fukuoka University Hospital from January 2014 to May 2019 were enrolled and divided into two groups (higher and lower CONUT score groups). The higher CONUT group showed a higher percentage of dialysis (66.7% vs. 33.9%, p < 0.001) and a higher clinical frailty scale (5.9 ± 1.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.9, p = 0.005) than the lower CONUT group. Rates of amputation-free survival were 89.5% and 69.8% in the lower and higher CONUT groups, respectively. In addition, rates of wound healing at 12 months were 98.0% and 78.3% in the lower and higher CONUT groups, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that a higher CONUT score was an independent predictor for delayed wound healing (OR: 11.2; 95% CI: 1.29–97.5; p = 0.028). Conclusion: An assessment of the nutritional status using the CONUT score could be useful for predicting wound healing, and earlier nutritional intervention may improve the outcome of CLTI patients. Early examination and treatment, along with raising awareness of the issue, may be important for improving the prognosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases)

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15 pages, 561 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lower Dietary Intake of Plant Protein Is Associated with Genetic Risk of Diabetes-Related Traits in Urban Asian Indian Adults

by Sooad Alsulami, Dhanasekaran Bodhini, Vasudevan Sudha, Coimbatore Subramanian Shanthi Rani, Rajendra Pradeepa, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Venkatesan Radha, Julie A. Lovegrove, Rajagopal Gayathri, Viswanathan Mohan and Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3064; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13093064 - 31 Aug 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3110

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes among South Asians is caused by a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. We aimed to examine the impact of dietary and genetic factors on metabolic traits in 1062 Asian Indians. Dietary assessment was performed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Transcription factor 7-like 2 and fat mass and obesity-associated genes were used to construct two metabolic genetic risk scores (GRS): 7-SNP and 3-SNP GRSs. Both 7-SNP GRS and 3-SNP GRS were associated with a higher risk of T2D (p = 0.0000134 and 0.008, respectively). The 3-SNP GRS was associated with higher waist circumference (p = 0.010), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p = 0.002) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (p = 0.000066). There were significant interactions between 3-SNP GRS and protein intake (% of total energy intake) on FPG (P_interaction = 0.011) and HbA1c (P_interaction = 0.007), where among individuals with lower plant protein intake (<39 g/day) and those with >1 risk allele had higher FPG (p = 0.001) and HbA1c (p = 0.00006) than individuals with ≤1 risk allele. Our findings suggest that lower plant protein intake may be a contributor to the increased ethnic susceptibility to diabetes described in Asian Indians. Randomised clinical trials with increased plant protein in the diets of this population are needed to see whether the reduction of diabetes risk occurs in individuals with prediabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases)

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