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Water
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Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment
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Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 5372

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yung-Tse Hung

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
Interests: water supply and water treatment; municipal wastewater treatment; industrial waste treatment; biological waste treatment; water and wastewater treatment plant design; water pollution control; water quality engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Tsuyoshi Imai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1, Tokiwadai, Ube City 755-8611, Yamaguchi, Japan
Interests: biological wastewater treatment (aerobic, anaerobic); biological treatment/recycling of organic solid waste; oxygen supply methods in aerobic wastewater treatment; CO2 removal and storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rehab O. Abdel Rahman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo 13759, Egypt
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; pollution control; radioactive wastes; mathematical modeling; nanomaterials; cement-based materials; hazardous waste immobilization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Issam A. Al-Khatib

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Birzeit University, Birzeit P.O. Box 14, West Bank, Palestine
Interests: water recourses management and quality; environmental assessment; wastewater management; advocacy; coordination and networking
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water treatment and wastewater treatment are very important to protect public health, environmental health, and the global economy. These treatment processes will protect safe as well as reliable water resources and may help in promoting sustainable development. Biological treatment technologies have been in existence for many years for water and wastewater treatment, and are closely related to treatment performance efficiency, construction and operation costs, energy requirements, operational flexibility, and environmental impacts.  

Recently, biotechnology has been explored for the improvement of water treatment and wastewater treatment processes. The challenge will be to couple treatment efficiency with sustainable development to remove contaminants in water as well as wastewater, produce renewable energy, and meet the ever-increasingly stringent standards of regulatory agencies.  

The aim of this Special Issue of Water is to present the latest reports related to the applications of current biotechnology processes to enhance and improve the treatment performance of water as well as wastewater treatment processes and reduce the costs of treatment with potential energy recovery. Authors are encouraged to present their original research and review papers in related areas.

Prof. Dr. Yung-Tse Hung
Prof. Dr. Tsuyoshi Imai
Prof. Dr. Rehab O. Abdel Rahman
Prof. Dr. Issam A. Al-Khatib
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biotechnologies for water treatment
  • biotechnologies for wastewater treatment
  • advanced water treatment
  • advanced wastewater treatment
  • nutrient recovery from wastewater
  • energy recovery from wastewater
  • emerging contaminants in water and wastewater treatment
  • industrial waste treatment
  • municipal wastewater treatment
  • water reuse
  • water treatment

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3274 KiB  
Article
The Design of a Process for Adsorbing and Eluting Chromium (VI) Using Fixed-Bed Columns of E. crassipes with Sodium Tripolyphosphate (TPP)
by Uriel Fernando Carreño Sayago and Vladimir Alfonso Ballesteros Ballesteros
Water 2024, 16(7), 952; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w16070952 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 713
Abstract
Proper water resource management is a critical global objective, both privately and in business, due to the continuous deterioration of this valuable resource. Scientific research in environmental sciences has made significant progress in the development and achievements of treatment. The use of transformed [...] Read more.
Proper water resource management is a critical global objective, both privately and in business, due to the continuous deterioration of this valuable resource. Scientific research in environmental sciences has made significant progress in the development and achievements of treatment. The use of transformed E. crassipes biomass with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) can help to achieve this important goal. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental process for the continuous adsorption and elution of chromium (VI) using fixed-bed columns of E. crassipes biomass modified with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Additionally, design tools were created, and economic viability was assessed by analyzing adsorption capacity indicators and unit production costs of different biomasses. Treatment systems were designed and constructed to remove chromium from tannery wastewater, ensuring that the levels were below the current environmental regulations of 0.05 mg/L Cr(VI). The biomass had an adsorption capacity of 98 mg/g and was produced at a low cost of 8.5 dollars. This resulted in an indicator of 11.5 g Cr(VI)/(USD) when combined with the elution processes. The proposed strategy, which utilizes entirely green technologies, enables the recovery and valorization of water resources. This makes it an effective tool for the circular economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment)
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13 pages, 7368 KiB  
Article
Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase and Myoglobin Using Sodium Alginate for Treating Organic Pollutants
by Xinyu Wang, Hossein Ghanizadeh, Shoaib Khan, Xiaodan Wu, Haowei Li, Samreen Sadiq, Jiayin Liu, Huimin Liu and Qunfeng Yue
Water 2024, 16(6), 848; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w16060848 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 756
Abstract
Removing organic pollutants from wastewater is crucial to prevent environmental contamination and protect human health. Immobilized enzymes are increasingly being explored for wastewater treatment due to their specific catalytic activities, reusability, and stability under various environmental conditions. Peroxidases, such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) [...] Read more.
Removing organic pollutants from wastewater is crucial to prevent environmental contamination and protect human health. Immobilized enzymes are increasingly being explored for wastewater treatment due to their specific catalytic activities, reusability, and stability under various environmental conditions. Peroxidases, such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and myoglobin (Mb), are promising candidates for immobilized enzymes utilized in wastewater treatment due to their ability to facilitate the oxidation process of a wide range of organic molecules. However, the properties of the carrier and support materials greatly influence the stability and activity of immobilized HRP and Mb. In this research, we developed immobilized HRP and Mb using support material composed of sodium alginate and CaCl2 as carriers and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. Following this, the efficacy of immobilized HRP and Mb in removing aniline, phenol, and p-nitrophenol was assessed. Both immobilized enzymes removed all three organic pollutants from an aqueous solution, but Mb was more effective than HRP. After being immobilized, both enzymes became more resilient to changes in temperature and pH. Both immobilized enzymes retained their ability to eliminate organic pollutants through eight treatment cycles. Our study uncovered novel immobilized enzyme microspheres and demonstrated their successful application in wastewater treatment, paving the way for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment)
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12 pages, 1509 KiB  
Article
Xenobiotic Removal by Trametes hirsuta LE-BIN 072 Activated Carbon-Based Mycelial Pellets: Remazol Brilliant Blue R Case Study
by Olga. A. Glazunova, Konstantin V. Moiseenko and Tatyana V. Fedorova
Water 2024, 16(1), 133; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w16010133 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 760
Abstract
As a toxic xenobiotic compound, the anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the ability of Trametes hirsuta to remove RBBR from the medium was investigated, and the role of adsorption by [...] Read more.
As a toxic xenobiotic compound, the anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the ability of Trametes hirsuta to remove RBBR from the medium was investigated, and the role of adsorption by fungal mycelium and biodegradation by fungal enzymes was evaluated. It was shown that the whole fungal culture was able to remove up to 97% of the dye within the first four hours of incubation. Based on enzymatic activities in the culture broth, laccases were proposed to be the main enzymes contributing to RBBR degradation, and RT-qPCR measurements demonstrated an increase in transcription for the two laccase genes—lacA and lacB. Composite mycelial pellets of T. hirsuta with improved adsorption ability were prepared by adding activated carbon to the growth medium, and the induction of laccase activity by carbon was shown. For composite pellets, the RBBR decolorization degree was about 1.9 times higher at 1 h of incubation compared to carbon-free pellets. Hence, it was shown that using fungal mycelium pellets containing activated carbon can be an effective and economical method of dye removal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment)
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18 pages, 4633 KiB  
Article
Degradation of Phenol by Immobilized Alcaligenes faecalis Strain JH1 in Fe3O4-Modified Biochar from Pharmaceutical Residues
by Zhi Zeng, Jiahui Xiao, Manzhi Li, Jiahui Wu and Taiping Zhang
Water 2023, 15(23), 4084; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15234084 - 24 Nov 2023
Viewed by 906
Abstract
The effect and mechanism of phenol removal by immobilized microorganisms in Fe3O4 nanomaterial-modified pharmaceutical residue biochar was investigated to develop efficient biochar immobilizing microbial technology. Plant residue biochar (Y3, Y5, and Y7) was prepared from Andrographis paniculata plant residues as [...] Read more.
The effect and mechanism of phenol removal by immobilized microorganisms in Fe3O4 nanomaterial-modified pharmaceutical residue biochar was investigated to develop efficient biochar immobilizing microbial technology. Plant residue biochar (Y3, Y5, and Y7) was prepared from Andrographis paniculata plant residues as the raw material at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C, respectively. Y7 was modified with Fe3O4 nanomaterial (Fe-Y7). These four kinds of biochars were used as carriers to adsorb immobilized Alcaligenes faecalis strain JH1, JY3, JY5, JY7, and Fe-Y7 to investigate the mechanism of phenol removal, and eight cycles were performed to analyze their immobilization performance. Compared with suspended bacteria, biochar-immobilized bacteria could improve their tolerance in different environments. At temperatures of 25 °C to 40 °C, pH = 5~9, initial phenol concentration of 300–500 mg/L, and salinity of 3%, the bacteria could still grow and maintain strong activity within 48 h. The water-extractable organic carbon of biochar was also tested for the degradation of phenol by bacteria, which was found to have different stimulating effects on bacteria. In the batch experiments, as the number of cycles increased, the bacteria grew and adhered rapidly to the biochar, eventually forming a thick and sticky biofilm. After the sixth cycle, all the biochar-immobilized bacteria could remove 300 mg/L phenol solution within 12 h. The removal rate of phenol by JFe-Y7 was relatively fast in the eighth cycle. The results indicated that biochar-immobilized bacteria have good durability, stability, and reproducibility and that Fe3O4 nanoparticle modification could improve the removal of phenol by increasing the phenol adsorption amount, the adsorption capacity of bacteria, and the enzymatic activity of bacteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment)
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12 pages, 4051 KiB  
Article
Over-Produced Extracellular Polymeric Substances and Activated Antioxidant Enzymes Attribute to Resistance of Pb(II) for Algal–Bacterial Granular Sludge in Municipal Wastewater Treatment
by Juanru Yang, Yu Zhang and Shulian Wang
Water 2023, 15(21), 3833; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15213833 - 02 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 807
Abstract
Algal–bacterial granular sludge technology is a new type of wastewater treatment and resource regeneration process, which has received widespread attention due to its excellent nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance, and energy-saving and emission reduction effects. Although algal–bacterial granular sludge technology has achieved an [...] Read more.
Algal–bacterial granular sludge technology is a new type of wastewater treatment and resource regeneration process, which has received widespread attention due to its excellent nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance, and energy-saving and emission reduction effects. Although algal–bacterial granular sludge technology has achieved an ideal nutrient removal ability, some pol-lutants in wastewater might affect the symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria. This study investigated the impact of coexisting Pb(II) on the symbiosis of algal–bacterial granular sludge. It was found that 2.5–10.0 mg/L of Pb(II) exposure increased the relative abundance of Pro-teobacteria. In addition, more protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS-PN) was secreted at 2.5 mg/L of Pb(II) exposure while EPS-PN content reduced at a rate of 5.0–10.0 mg/L of Pb(II). Under different concentrations of Pb(II), the damage degree of algal–bacterial granular sludge was exacerbated, evidenced by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. To cope with these adverse circumstances, the antioxidant enzyme activity of both super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase dismutase (CAT) was boosted. With the help of these adaptive strategies, the symbiosis of algal–bacterial granular sludge was stable. Moreover, the performance of algal–bacterial granular sludge in treating COD, ammonia-N and phosphate-P was kept at above 95%. This study approved that a Pb(II) concentration less than 10.0 mg/L had little effect on the performance of algal–bacterial granular sludge in wastewater treatment. It is hoped that this study can provide useful information for an improved engineering feasibility of algal–bacterial granular sludge process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment)
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15 pages, 3959 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Modeling and Optimization of Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment
by Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Samah Ibrahim Alshathri, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar and Abdul Ghani Olabi
Water 2023, 15(20), 3564; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/w15203564 - 12 Oct 2023
Viewed by 952
Abstract
Due to their toxicity, Cr(VI) levels are subject to strict legislation and regulations in various industries and environmental contexts. Effective treatment technologies are also being developed to decrease the negative impacts on human health and the environment by removing Cr(VI) from water sources [...] Read more.
Due to their toxicity, Cr(VI) levels are subject to strict legislation and regulations in various industries and environmental contexts. Effective treatment technologies are also being developed to decrease the negative impacts on human health and the environment by removing Cr(VI) from water sources and wastewater. As a result, it would be interesting to model and optimize the Cr(VI) removal processes, especially those under neutral pH circumstances. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have the capacity to remove Cr(VI), but additional research is needed to enhance their usability, increase their efficacy, and address issues like scalability and maintaining stable operation. In this research work, ANFIS modeling and artificial ecosystem optimization (AEO) were used to maximize Cr(VI) removal efficiency and the power density of MFC. First, based on measured data, an ANFIS model is developed to simulate the MFC performance in terms of the Cu(II)/Cr(VI) ratio, substrate (sodium acetate) concentration (g/L), and external resistance Ω. Then, using artificial ecosystem optimization (AEO), the optimal values of these operating parameters, i.e., Cu(II)/Cr(VI) ratio, substrate concentration, and external resistance, are identified, corresponding to maximum Cr(VI) removal efficiency and power density. In the ANFIS modeling stage of power density, the coefficient-of-determination is enhanced to 0.9981 compared with 0.992 (by ANOVA), and the RMSE is decreased to 0.4863 compared with 16.486 (by ANOVA). This shows that the modeling phase was effective. In sum, the integration between ANFIS and AEO increased the power density and Cr(VI) removal efficiency by 19.14% and 15.14%, respectively, compared to the measured data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biotechnologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment)
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