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Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I: Energy Fundamentals and Conversion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 August 2020) | Viewed by 47613

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Loránd Szabó

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Machines and Drives, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: variable reluctance machines; fault tolerant electrical machines; linear and surface motors; condition monitoring and diagnosis of electrical machines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Permanent magnet electrical machines are an emerging type of electromechanical converter technology. They have high power/torque density and demonstrate high efficiency. There has been increased interest in such machines due to their potential for widespread applications, such as industrial applications and applications in electric/hybrid vehicles, electric aircrafts and ships, renewable power generation, unmanned propulsion systems, etc.

The topic is broad, because it covers not only well-known surface and interior permanent magnet synchronous motors, brushless d.c. motors, hybrid steppers, etc., but also a lot of other electrical machines, such as those with hybrid excitation, double saliency, transverse flux, memory and magnetic-gearing types, vernier machines, etc. The subject includes both rotating and linear machines, those with interior and exterior rotors, and those having radial and axial flux.

Papers covering new topologies, structures, manufacturing technologies, analysis methods, control strategies, and new emerging applications of permanent magnet electrical machines are strongly welcome. Contributions dealing with advancements made in permanent magnet materials for electrical machines are also of interest.

Prof. Lorand Szabo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • brushless d.c. motors
  • double salient permanent magnet machines
  • flux reversal machines
  • flux switching machines
  • hybrid excitation machines
  • hybrid steppers
  • magnetic gearing
  • memory motors
  • permanent magnet-assisted claw-pole generator
  • permanent magnet-assisted variable reluctance machines
  • permanent magnet linear motors
  • permanent magnet synchronous machines
  • transverse flux machines
  • vernier machines

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 2170 KiB  
Article
Modeling of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generators
by Natalia Radwan-Pragłowska, Tomasz Węgiel and Dariusz Borkowski
Energies 2020, 13(21), 5741; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13215741 - 02 Nov 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4843
Abstract
This article focuses on modeling of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator (AFPMG). The authors analyzed selected variants of disk generators, including coreless stator constructions and with iron core ones, also taking into account the Permanent Magnet (PM) arrangement in order to show [...] Read more.
This article focuses on modeling of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator (AFPMG). The authors analyzed selected variants of disk generators, including coreless stator constructions and with iron core ones, also taking into account the Permanent Magnet (PM) arrangement in order to show the way to obtain the optimal machine characteristics based on analytical equations. In addition to the full model, which takes into account the higher harmonics of the magnetic field distribution, the paper presents a simplified mathematical model developed for generator operation cases such as standalone, connected to a 3-phase power grid and loaded with a diode rectifier. The analytical and finite-element method (FEM) calculations were performed as well as laboratory tests to confirm the correctness of presented model assumptions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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23 pages, 8049 KiB  
Article
Predictive Trajectory Control with Online MTPA Calculation and Minimization of the Inner Torque Ripple for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines
by Simon Decker, Matthias Brodatzki, Benjamin Bachowsky, Benedikt Schmitz-Rode, Andreas Liske, Michael Braun and Marc Hiller
Energies 2020, 13(20), 5327; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13205327 - 13 Oct 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2462
Abstract
This paper presents an extended predictive trajectory control scheme combined with an inner torque ripple minimization considering the current-, flux-linkage-, and voltage-planes of permanent magnet synchronous machines. The extension of a fundamental machine model with flux-linkage harmonics allows the calculation of the inner [...] Read more.
This paper presents an extended predictive trajectory control scheme combined with an inner torque ripple minimization considering the current-, flux-linkage-, and voltage-planes of permanent magnet synchronous machines. The extension of a fundamental machine model with flux-linkage harmonics allows the calculation of the inner torque ripple and enables its minimization. For this, the control is divided in two cases: (1) The dynamic operation or large signal behavior which uses the maximal torque gradient for the trajectory strategy during each control period for fastest dynamic operation, and (2) The stationary operation or small signal behavior, utilizing a real time capable polynomial approximation of the rotor position dependent torque hyperbolas (iso-torque curves) of permanent magnet synchronous machines for the ideal torque to current reference values. Since dynamic and steady-state operation is covered, torque to current look-up tables, such as maximum torque per ampere (MTPA)/maximum torque per volt/voltage (MTPV) look-up tables, are not required anymore. The introduced, new control approach is implemented in Matlab/Simulink based on finite element analysis and measured data. Furthermore, test-bench implementations based on measurement data are presented to show the real-time capability and precision. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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17 pages, 5469 KiB  
Article
Feedback Linearization Based Robust Control for Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
by Yung-Te Chen, Chi-Shan Yu and Ping-Nan Chen
Energies 2020, 13(20), 5242; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13205242 - 09 Oct 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2416
Abstract
In this study, we designed a feedback linearization control strategy for linear permanent magnet synchronous motors (LPMSMs) as well as a robust control mechanism. First, the highly nonlinear system was transformed into an exact linear system by the feedback linearization technique. Then, we [...] Read more.
In this study, we designed a feedback linearization control strategy for linear permanent magnet synchronous motors (LPMSMs) as well as a robust control mechanism. First, the highly nonlinear system was transformed into an exact linear system by the feedback linearization technique. Then, we designed a robust controller to mitigate the impact of system parameter disturbances on system performance. This novel robust feedback controller can be applied to electromagnetic force, speed and position control loops in linear motors, correct the errors created by uncertainty factors in the entire system in real time, and set the system’s settling time based on the application environment of the plant. Finally, we performed simulations and experiments using a PC-based motor control system, which demonstrated that the proposed robust feedback controller can achieve good performance in the controlled system with robust anti-disturbance control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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15 pages, 4404 KiB  
Article
Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Design for Eddy Current Loss Reduction in Permanent Magnets to Prevent Irreversible Demagnetization
by Jae-Woo Jung, Byeong-Hwa Lee, Kyu-Seob Kim and Sung-Il Kim
Energies 2020, 13(19), 5082; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13195082 - 29 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3058
Abstract
We designed and analyzed an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) to prevent irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnets (PMs). Irreversible demagnetization of NdFeB PMs mainly occurs due to high temperature, which should thus be minimized. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the [...] Read more.
We designed and analyzed an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) to prevent irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnets (PMs). Irreversible demagnetization of NdFeB PMs mainly occurs due to high temperature, which should thus be minimized. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the eddy current loss in the PM through optimal design. The shape of the rotor core was optimized using finite element analysis (FEA) and response surface methodology. Three-dimensional (3-D) FEA is required for accurate computation of the eddy current loss, but there is huge time, effort, and cost consumption. Therefore, a method is proposed for indirectly calculating the eddy current loss of PMs using 2-D FEA. A thermal equivalent circuit analysis was used to calculate the PM temperature of the optimized model. For the thermal analysis, the copper loss, core loss, and eddy current loss in PMs were estimated and applied as a heat source. Based on the results, we confirmed the stability of the optimum model in terms of the PM demagnetization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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19 pages, 7148 KiB  
Article
New Sensorless Speed Control of a Hybrid Stepper Motor Based on Fuzzy Sliding Mode Observer
by Chunlei Wang and Dongxing Cao
Energies 2020, 13(18), 4939; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13184939 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3463
Abstract
Stepper motors are widely used in industrial and consumer applications due to low-cost, high reliability, and open-loop control capability. Though open-loop features a simple structure, it bears low step resolution, high torque ripple, and low energy efficiency. To improve the performance without increasing [...] Read more.
Stepper motors are widely used in industrial and consumer applications due to low-cost, high reliability, and open-loop control capability. Though open-loop features a simple structure, it bears low step resolution, high torque ripple, and low energy efficiency. To improve the performance without increasing hardware cost, a fuzzy sliding mode observer (SMO)-based new sensorless speed control structure is proposed. Unlike the conventional sensorless speed control, it does not use Park and inverse Park transformations to transform currents between a-b and d-q coordinates. Instead, it uses a new current transformation method to generate reference currents of stator windings, which not only reduces the calculation burden of the controller, but also improves the stability of the system. To reduce the chattering, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) embedded into the SMO is designed to adjust the observer gain adaptively, without using the conventional method that replaces the discontinuous sign function with the continuous, such as sigmoid or saturation function. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified using MATLAB/Simulink simulation (R2018b, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and experiment by assessing the speed and position tracking abilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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11 pages, 7915 KiB  
Article
Investigation of an Inset Micro Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Soft Magnetic Composite Material
by Da-Chen Pang, Zhen-Jia Shi, Pei-Xuan Xie, Hua-Chih Huang and Gia-Thinh Bui
Energies 2020, 13(17), 4445; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13174445 - 27 Aug 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3817
Abstract
This paper presents the world’s smallest inset permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a soft magnetic composite (SMC) core, providing ease of manufacturing for micromachine applications without silicon steel laminations. The inset motor can offer an additional reluctance torque and higher torque density [...] Read more.
This paper presents the world’s smallest inset permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a soft magnetic composite (SMC) core, providing ease of manufacturing for micromachine applications without silicon steel laminations. The inset motor can offer an additional reluctance torque and higher torque density with a lower usage amount of permanent magnet. A 15 mm diameter inset motor was developed with the thickness of a tile-type permanent magnet which is limited to 1 mm by the manufacturer. The motor was designed with high torque density and low torque ripple by varying the interpole iron width for the rotor. Two inset motors were made using both SMC and silicon steel materials for comparison. The performance of the SMC motor was inferior to the silicon steel motor, but it still meets the specifications of the commercial market. If the thickness of the tile-type permanent magnet is further reduced, the micro inset motor with a SMC core can be easily mass-manufactured using powder sintering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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18 pages, 6794 KiB  
Article
Modular Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Low Space Harmonic Content
by Keyi Wang and Heyun Lin
Energies 2020, 13(15), 3924; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13153924 - 31 Jul 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2450
Abstract
Modularity technique is desirable in large permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) because it facilitates manufacture, assembly, and maintenance. Although the PMSMs with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCWs) allow their stators to be modularized, they usually suffer from high nonworking space harmonic content. The PMSMs [...] Read more.
Modularity technique is desirable in large permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) because it facilitates manufacture, assembly, and maintenance. Although the PMSMs with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCWs) allow their stators to be modularized, they usually suffer from high nonworking space harmonic content. The PMSMs with various reported two-slot pitch windings (TSPWs) show much lower nonworking space harmonic content, but they do not support stator modularity. This paper proposes a modular PMSM with a special dual three-phase (DTP) TSPW, which exhibits quite low nonworking space harmonic content. First, the topology of the proposed machine is described in detail. Then, the mechanism of reducing the nonworking space harmonic content of the machine is expounded through winding magnetomotive force (MMF) analysis. Finally, the electromagnetic characteristics of a specific proposed modular PMSM and a conventional modular PMSM with DTP-FSCW are compared by finite element method (FEM), in terms of electromotive force (EMF), armature reaction field, torque performance, efficiency and power factor. The FEM results demonstrate that the proposed machine can realize low space harmonic content while retaining stator modularity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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18 pages, 8194 KiB  
Article
Voltage Harmonic Impacts on Electric Motors: A Comparison between IE2, IE3 and IE4 Induction Motor Classes
by Jonathan Muñoz Tabora, Maria Emília de Lima Tostes, Edson Ortiz de Matos, Thiago Mota Soares and Ubiratan Holanda Bezerra
Energies 2020, 13(13), 3333; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13133333 - 30 Jun 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4053
Abstract
Global energy systems are undergoing a transition process towards renewable energy and energy efficiency practices. Induction motors play an important role in this energy transformation process since they are widely used as industrial loads, representing more than 53% of global energy consumption. With [...] Read more.
Global energy systems are undergoing a transition process towards renewable energy and energy efficiency practices. Induction motors play an important role in this energy transformation process since they are widely used as industrial loads, representing more than 53% of global energy consumption. With more countries adopting minimum energy performance standards through more efficient induction motors, comparisons between these new technologies in the presence of electrical disturbances must be systematically evaluated before adopting a substitution policy in the industry. To this end, this work presents a comparative analysis of the impact of harmonic voltages on the performance and temperature rise of electric motors classes IE2, IE3 and IE4 in the same operational conditions in view of future substitutions. The results show that under ideal operating conditions the IE4 class permanent magnet motor has better performance in terms of consumption and temperature, however presenting non-linear characteristics. In the presence of voltage harmonics, this scenario changes completely according to the harmonic content. Finally, aiming to analyze the harmonics influence in the motor temperature rise a statistical analysis by means of Spearman correlation matrices is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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13 pages, 5564 KiB  
Article
Electromagnetic–Mechanical Coupling Optimization of an IPM Synchronous Machine with Multi Flux Barriers
by Wenye Wu, Qingzhang Chen, Xiaoyong Zhu, Fuzhou Zhao and Zixuan Xiang
Energies 2020, 13(7), 1819; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13071819 - 09 Apr 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2517
Abstract
In this paper, an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine with multiflux barriers is proposed to meet the wide speed regulation application requirements of electric vehicles. Based on the flux barrier characteristic, an electromagnetic–mechanical coupling optimization strategy is employed for the machine design. [...] Read more.
In this paper, an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine with multiflux barriers is proposed to meet the wide speed regulation application requirements of electric vehicles. Based on the flux barrier characteristic, an electromagnetic–mechanical coupling optimization strategy is employed for the machine design. In order to facilitate the optimization design, the rotor barriers are divided into two optimization zones, the maximum stress zone and the maximum deformation zone. The electromagnetic–mechanical coupling optimization strategy is divided into two stages accordingly. In the first stage, the machine is regarded as a synchronous reluctance machine by ignoring permanent magnets, where the dimensions of the arc-shaped barriers are optimized to achieve a large reluctance torque and small stress. In the second stage, the dimensions of the arc-shaped PMs and the elliptical barrier are optimized with three objectives of minimum torque ripple, minimum flux linkage, and minimum deformation. After machine optimization, the comparison investigations are carried out on the basis of finite-element analysis by considering both the electromagnetic performances and mechanical performances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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16 pages, 13631 KiB  
Article
Tolerance-Insensitive Design of the Magnet Shape for a Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
by Chung-Seong Lee, Kyoung-Soo Cha, Jin-Cheol Park and Myung-Seop Lim
Energies 2020, 13(6), 1311; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13061311 - 11 Mar 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2832
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to reduce the cogging torque of electric power steering motors. However, in the mass production of such motors, it is essential to enhance performance robustness in relation to tolerances. For such motors, this work analyzes performance robustness in [...] Read more.
Many studies have been conducted to reduce the cogging torque of electric power steering motors. However, in the mass production of such motors, it is essential to enhance performance robustness in relation to tolerances. For such motors, this work analyzes performance robustness in relation to tolerances by applying a cycloid curve to the surface magnet of the rotor. Applying a cycloid curve to the magnet surface of the rotor is one of several ways to reduce cogging torque. To evaluate the performance of the cycloid curve, we compare it with an eccentric curve. The two curves are compared for the same specifications and evaluated using the indicator, tolerance insensitivity rate, which is used to assess performance robustness in relation to tolerances. The cycloid curve was evaluated to be more robust in relation to tolerances, as compared with the eccentric curve. Finally, an experiment was conducted to validate the robustness of the cycloid curve. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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16 pages, 5410 KiB  
Article
DC-Link Current Control with Inverter Nonlinearity Compensation for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives
by Kan Wang, Zhong Wu and Zhongyi Chu
Energies 2020, 13(3), 546; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13030546 - 22 Jan 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3170
Abstract
For permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) supplied with a voltage source inverter, current control strategies are commonly implemented under the synchronously rotating reference frame. In order to simplify the system structure, three-phase currents can be measured with a single DC-link current sensor using [...] Read more.
For permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) supplied with a voltage source inverter, current control strategies are commonly implemented under the synchronously rotating reference frame. In order to simplify the system structure, three-phase currents can be measured with a single DC-link current sensor using the phase current reconstruction technique. However, it still needs to follow the conventional AC current control approach. In this paper, a DC-link current control method for PMSMs is proposed to further simplify the control system. The problem of phase current control was separated into the problems of amplitude control and phase control. Then, amplitude control was achieved using a closed-loop controller directly tracking the DC-link current; while phase control was achieved by AC-side pulse width modulation (PWM) following the phase angle of back electromotive force. The compensation for nonlinear distortion of the inverter was taken into account during the control process. Finally, the proposed method realized three-phase current control with a single current sensor and controller, and achieved the purpose of electromagnetic torque control. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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11 pages, 5106 KiB  
Article
Design and Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Axial Asymmetric Position of Rotor to Stator
by Phuong Thi Luu, Ji-Young Lee, Ji-Heon Lee and Byung-Chul Woo
Energies 2019, 12(24), 4816; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12244816 - 17 Dec 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3304
Abstract
This paper presents the design and analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) considering the axial asymmetric PM overhang for a smart actuator (SA) application such as an isokinetic exercise machine. This structure helps take advantage of the motor space effectively and [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design and analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) considering the axial asymmetric PM overhang for a smart actuator (SA) application such as an isokinetic exercise machine. This structure helps take advantage of the motor space effectively and makes the system small in size and light in weight. However, two drawbacks related to the performance of motor occur when the axial asymmetric PM overhang is used: (1) an axial attractive force (AAF) is created, which can produce motor noise and vibration; (2) the torque of motor is reduced compared with the symmetric PM overhang model. We used five steps to solve these problems. Firstly, the AAF according to the variation in axial position of the rotor to the stator was calculated and analyzed. Secondly, the torque was calculated under the same conditions to confirm that the system requirements were satisfied. The three-dimensional finite element analysis was used to determine the AAF and torque. Thirdly, the appropriate axial position of the rotor to the stator was suggested considering the analysis results and space inside the housing. Next, the commercial bearing type was chosen so that the total force acting on the bearing was below the bearing load limit to ensure motor stability. Finally, a prototype model was made and tested to confirm the accuracy of the analytical results. Through this study, by using the axial asymmetric PM overhang, the total length of SA was reduced by 5mm and the performance of motor was guaranteed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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14 pages, 4645 KiB  
Article
Study on Multi-DOF Actuator for Improving Power Density
by Sooyoung Cho, Ho Joon Lee and Ju Lee
Energies 2019, 12(21), 4204; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12214204 - 04 Nov 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2661
Abstract
This study focuses on improving the power density of a spherical multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) actuator. A spherical multi-DOF actuator that can operate in three DOFs is designed. The actuator features a double air gap to reduce eddy current loss. However, a multi-DOF actuator driven [...] Read more.
This study focuses on improving the power density of a spherical multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) actuator. A spherical multi-DOF actuator that can operate in three DOFs is designed. The actuator features a double air gap to reduce eddy current loss. However, a multi-DOF actuator driven by a single actuator exhibits low power density. Therefore, a Halbach magnet array is applied to improve the power density of a spherical multi-DOF actuator, and its output characteristics are compared with those of an existing spherical multi-DOF actuator via finite element analysis. Additionally, the output characteristics are analyzed based on changes in the coil pitch angle and magneto-motive force of the rotating winding. Furthermore, it is necessary for a spherical multi-DOF actuator to move to the command position. Hence, a stability analysis is performed to ensure that the spherical multi-DOF actuator is stably driven based on the command position. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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Graphical abstract

15 pages, 13155 KiB  
Article
Sensorless-MTPA Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on an Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer
by Mengting Ye, Tingna Shi, Huimin Wang, Xinmin Li and Changliang Xia
Energies 2019, 12(19), 3773; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12193773 - 03 Oct 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2954
Abstract
Different from the traditional method of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), the sensorless maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control scheme in this paper does not need two observers for rotor position and d-q axis inductances, respectively. It only needs an adaptive [...] Read more.
Different from the traditional method of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), the sensorless maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control scheme in this paper does not need two observers for rotor position and d-q axis inductances, respectively. It only needs an adaptive sliding mode observer (ASMO) based on the extended flux (EF) to realize double-loop control and MTPA operation simultaneously. The adaptive mechanism of rotor speed is designed to ensure stability of the ASMO. The rotor position and the difference between d-axis and q-axis inductances are obtained from the estimated EF to acquire the MTPA points when the position sensor of the IPMSM is absent. The proposed scheme is realized on a 20kW IPMSM where the sensorless control performance and the MTPA control performance are tested. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the experiment results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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Graphical abstract

19 pages, 7126 KiB  
Article
Sliding-Mode-Observer-Based Open-Switch Diagnostic Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Connected with LC Filter
by Minghui Wang, Yongxiang Xu and Jibin Zou
Energies 2019, 12(17), 3288; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en12173288 - 26 Aug 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2278
Abstract
At present, pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is widely applied in motor drive systems. However, it may cause some unexpected effects: Bearing currents, overvoltage, power losses and unwanted noise. In some industrial cases, LC filters are always equipped in motor drive systems to [...] Read more.
At present, pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is widely applied in motor drive systems. However, it may cause some unexpected effects: Bearing currents, overvoltage, power losses and unwanted noise. In some industrial cases, LC filters are always equipped in motor drive systems to suppress those unexpected effects. In order to improve the reliability and safety of the drive system, fault diagnostic strategies for power switches should be utilized as other drive systems without LC filters. In the literature, some open-switch diagnostic approaches are based on the observers derived from the mathematical models. However, the models are changed by the LC filters. Therefore, the existing approaches, based on the observers are failed, due to the change of the models. This study proposes an open-switch diagnostic method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive equipped with LC Filter. The novelty of the proposed method is that the model of the LC filter is considered. Therefore, open-switch faults can be detected and located in the drive systems with LC filters. The switching function model of the drive system is analyzed at first. Then a sliding mode observer (SMO) considering the model of the filter is proposed to estimate the filter voltages and other state variables. Consequently, the faults can be detected and located through the residual errors between the expected and estimated filter voltages. This approach features simplicity. Furthermore, any extra sensors are not necessary. Experimental results on a 750-W PMSM drive system with an LC filter proved the feasibility of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines)
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