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Dear Colleagues,

Peptide hormones have been shown to be involved in almost all physiological cell responses in central and peripheral tissues. Furthermore, changes in the sysnthesis and release of peptide hormones from target tissues are associated with a wide range of pathological conditions. Growing evidence supports the synthesis of the peptide hormone-based design of drugs as an effective therapeutic alternative in many diseases. Proposed mechanisms are multifactorial and hormone peptides that work through corresponding receptor proteins with an ability to control energy homeostasis and metabolisn and modulate the downstream signaling pathways and physiological responses of cells, thus emerging as an effective drugs in many central and peripheral diseases. IJMS has been very successful in organizing multiple Special Issues in different areas of research and is pleased to announce a special issue on peptide hormones in human disease and health. We believe that this Special Issue will bring new information about peptide hormones targeting therapeutic intervention in many disease conditions. Here, we invite manuscripts or review articles for submission to a Special Issue on “Peptide Hormones in Human Diseases and Health” from the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) with an impact factor of 5.6.

Dr. Ujendra Kumar
Guest Editor

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Keywords

central nervous syetem
hormone
neuropeptide
peptide
receptors
signaling pathways
peripheral system

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2811 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GnRH Induces Citrullination of the Cytoskeleton in Murine Gonadotrope Cells

by Elizabeth B. Quigley, Stanley B. DeVore, Shaihla A. Khan, Zachary M. Geisterfer, Heather M. Rothfuss, Ari O. Sequoia, Paul R. Thompson, Jesse C. Gatlin, Brian D. Cherrington and Amy M. Navratil

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms25063181 - 10 Mar 2024

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Abstract

Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs or PADIs) catalyze the conversion of positively charged arginine to neutral citrulline, which alters target protein structure and function. Our previous work established that gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) stimulates PAD2-catalyzed histone citrullination to epigenetically regulate gonadotropin gene expression in the gonadotrope-derived LβT2 cell line. However, PADs are also found in the cytoplasm. Given this, we used mass spectrometry (MS) to identify additional non-histone proteins that are citrullinated following GnRHa stimulation and characterized the temporal dynamics of this modification. Our results show that actin and tubulin are citrullinated, which led us to hypothesize that GnRHa might induce their citrullination to modulate cytoskeletal dynamics and architecture. The data show that 10 nM GnRHa induces the citrullination of β-actin, with elevated levels occurring at 10 min. The level of β-actin citrullination is reduced in the presence of the pan-PAD inhibitor biphenyl-benzimidazole-Cl-amidine (BB-ClA), which also prevents GnRHa-induced actin reorganization in dispersed murine gonadotrope cells. GnRHa induces the citrullination of β-tubulin, with elevated levels occurring at 30 min, and this response is attenuated in the presence of PAD inhibition. To examine the functional consequence of β-tubulin citrullination, we utilized fluorescently tagged end binding protein 1 (EB1-GFP) to track the growing plus end of microtubules (MT) in real time in transfected LβT2 cells. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of EB1-GFP reveals that the MT average lifetime increases following 30 min of GnRHa treatment, but this increase is attenuated by PAD inhibition. Taken together, our data suggest that GnRHa-induced citrullination alters actin reorganization and MT lifetime in gonadotrope cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peptide Hormones in Human Diseases and Health)

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Review

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61 pages, 3318 KiB

Open AccessReview

Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in Tumour Biology

by Ujendra Kumar

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 436; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms25010436 - 28 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1595

Abstract

Somatostatin (SST), a growth hormone inhibitory peptide, is expressed in endocrine and non-endocrine tissues, immune cells and the central nervous system (CNS). Post-release from secretory or immune cells, the first most appreciated role that SST exhibits is the antiproliferative effect in target tissue that served as a potential therapeutic intervention in various tumours of different origins. The SST-mediated in vivo and/or in vitro antiproliferative effect in the tumour is considered direct via activation of five different somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1-5), which are well expressed in most tumours and often more than one receptor in a single cell. Second, the indirect effect is associated with the regulation of growth factors. SSTR subtypes are crucial in tumour diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, with the recent development of new SST analogues and receptor-specific agonists with emerging functional consequences of signaling pathways are promising therapeutic avenues in tumours of different origins that are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peptide Hormones in Human Diseases and Health)

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