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Gut Microbiota and Diabetes
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Gut Microbiota and Diabetes

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 28237

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yoshitaka Hashimoto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine 465, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
Interests: diet; gut; metabolic syndrome; microbiota; nutrition; obesity; type 2 diabetes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, thus representing one of the most important health problems in the world. Today, it is widely recognized that type 2 diabetes is associated with the development of micro- and macrovascular diseases as well as sarcopenia, cancer, and dementia.

It has been revealed that the gut microbiota plays an important role in biological functions throughout the body, with accumulating evidence suggesting that it is closely associated with type 2 diabetes. Following significant research interest in this area, several mechanisms between the gut microbiota and diabetes have been clarified. For example, reducing short chain fatty acid production through the gut microbiota leads to increased insulin resistance and lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation through intestinal barrier dysfunction. However, further research on the interaction between the gut microbiota and diabetes is required.

For this Special Issue of Nutrients, we invite authors to contribute original research and review articles related to the association between gut microbiota and diabetes and/or its complications.

Dr. Yoshitaka Hashimoto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • diabetes complications
  • dysbiosis
  • fatty acid
  • inflammation
  • intestinal barrier
  • gut microbiota

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3061 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Gut Microbiota are Associated with Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese Subjects
by Tomohisa Takagi, Yuji Naito, Saori Kashiwagi, Kazuhiko Uchiyama, Katsura Mizushima, Kazuhiro Kamada, Takeshi Ishikawa, Ryo Inoue, Kayo Okuda, Yoshimasa Tsujimoto, Hiromu Ohnogi and Yoshito Itoh
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 2996; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12102996 - 30 Sep 2020
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 3685
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is involved in host health and disease development. Therefore, lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension (HT), hyperlipidemia (HL), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) may alter the composition of gut microbiota. Here, we investigated gut microbiota changes related to these [...] Read more.
The human gut microbiota is involved in host health and disease development. Therefore, lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension (HT), hyperlipidemia (HL), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) may alter the composition of gut microbiota. Here, we investigated gut microbiota changes related to these diseases and their coexistence. This study involved 239 Japanese subjects, including healthy controls (HC). The fecal microbiota was analyzed through the isolation of bacterial genomic DNA obtained from fecal samples. Although there were no significant differences in the microbial structure between groups, there was a significant difference in the α-diversity between HC and the patients in whom two diseases coexisted. Moreover, Actinobacteria levels were significantly increased, whereas Bacteroidetes levels were significantly decreased in all disease groups. At the genus level, Bifidobacterium levels were significantly increased in the HL and T2D groups, as were those of Collinsella in all disease groups. In contrast, Alistipes levels were significantly lower in the HL group. Furthermore, metabolic enzyme families were significantly increased in all disease groups. Interestingly, the structure and function of the gut microbiota showed similar profiles in all the studied diseases. In conclusion, several changes in the structure of the gut microbiota are associated with T2D, HT, and HL in Japanese subjects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Diabetes)
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12 pages, 1326 KiB  
Article
Plasma Metabolites Related to Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity Are Not Directly Linked to Gut Microbiota Composition
by Annefleur M. Koopen, Nicolien C. de Clercq, Moritz V. Warmbrunn, Hilde Herrema, Mark Davids, Pieter F. de Groot, Ruud S. Kootte, Kristien E. C. Bouter, Max Nieuwdorp, Albert K. Groen and Andrei Prodan
Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2308; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12082308 - 31 Jul 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3762
Abstract
Plasma metabolites affect a range of metabolic functions in humans, including insulin sensitivity (IS). A subset of these plasma metabolites is modified by the gut microbiota. To identify potential microbial–metabolite pathways involved in IS, we investigated the link between plasma metabolites, gut microbiota [...] Read more.
Plasma metabolites affect a range of metabolic functions in humans, including insulin sensitivity (IS). A subset of these plasma metabolites is modified by the gut microbiota. To identify potential microbial–metabolite pathways involved in IS, we investigated the link between plasma metabolites, gut microbiota composition, and IS, using the gold-standard for peripheral and hepatic IS measurement in a group of participants with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). In a cross-sectional study with 115 MetSyn participants, fasting plasma samples were collected for untargeted metabolomics analysis and fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. A two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed to assess peripheral and hepatic IS. Collected data were integrated and potential interdependence between metabolites, gut microbiota, and IS was analyzed using machine learning prediction models. Plasma metabolites explained 13.2% and 16.7% of variance in peripheral and hepatic IS, respectively. Fecal microbiota composition explained 4.2% of variance in peripheral IS and was not related to hepatic IS. Although metabolites could partially explain the variances in IS, the top metabolites related to peripheral and hepatic IS did not significantly correlate with gut microbiota composition (both on taxonomical level and alpha-diversity). However, all plasma metabolites could explain 18.5% of the variance in microbial alpha-diversity (Shannon); the top 20 metabolites could even explain 44.5% of gut microbial alpha-diversity. In conclusion, plasma metabolites could partially explain the variance in peripheral and hepatic IS; however, these metabolites were not directly linked to the gut microbiota composition, underscoring the intricate relation between plasma metabolites, the gut microbiota, and IS in MetSyn Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Diabetes)
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Review

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26 pages, 656 KiB  
Review
Role of Gut Microbiota on Onset and Progression of Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM)
by Daniela Maria Tanase, Evelina Maria Gosav, Ecaterina Neculae, Claudia Florida Costea, Manuela Ciocoiu, Loredana Liliana Hurjui, Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu, Minela Aida Maranduca, Cristina Mihaela Lacatusu, Mariana Floria and Ionela Lacramioara Serban
Nutrients 2020, 12(12), 3719; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12123719 - 02 Dec 2020
Cited by 93 | Viewed by 8674
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains one of the most problematic and economic consumer disorders worldwide, with growing prevalence and incidence. Over the last years, substantial research has highlighted the intricate relationship among gut microbiota, dysbiosis and metabolic syndromes development. Changes in the [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains one of the most problematic and economic consumer disorders worldwide, with growing prevalence and incidence. Over the last years, substantial research has highlighted the intricate relationship among gut microbiota, dysbiosis and metabolic syndromes development. Changes in the gut microbiome composition lead to an imbalanced gastrointestinal habitat which promotes abnormal production of metabolites, inflammatory status, glucose metabolism alteration and even insulin resistance (IR). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), lipopolysaccharide, aromatic amino acids and their affiliated metabolites, contribute to T2DM via different metabolic and immunologic pathways. In this narrative review, we discuss the immunopathogenic mechanism behind gut dysbiosis, T2DM development and the major known diabetic microvascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy), the beneficial use of pre- and pro-biotics and fecal microbiota transplantation in T2DM management and new findings and future perspectives in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Diabetes)
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29 pages, 1402 KiB  
Review
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications
by Miguel A. Ortega, Oscar Fraile-Martínez, Irene Naya, Natalio García-Honduvilla, Melchor Álvarez-Mon, Julia Buján, Ángel Asúnsolo and Basilio de la Torre
Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2749; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12092749 - 09 Sep 2020
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 11660
Abstract
Obesity is a condition of rising prevalence worldwide, with important socioeconomic implications, being considered as a growing public health concern. Frequently, obesity brings other complications in addition to itself—like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)—sharing origin, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. In this context, [...] Read more.
Obesity is a condition of rising prevalence worldwide, with important socioeconomic implications, being considered as a growing public health concern. Frequently, obesity brings other complications in addition to itself—like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)—sharing origin, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. In this context, some authors have decided to include both conditions as a unique entity known as “diabesity”. In fact, understanding diabesity as a single disease is possible to maximise the benefits from therapies received in these patients. Gut microbiota plays a key role in individual’s health, and their alterations, either in its composition or derived products are related to a wide range of metabolic disorders like T2DM and obesity. The present work aims to collect the different changes reported in gut microbiota in patients with T2DM associated with obesity and their possible role in the onset, development, and establishment of the disease. Moreover, current research lines to modulate gut microbiota and the potential clinical translation derived from the knowledge of this system will also be reviewed, which may provide support for a better clinical management of such a complex condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Diabetes)
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