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Micronutrients Deficiency and Obesity

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Obesity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (16 January 2023) | Viewed by 15866

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jean-François Landrier

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Guest Editor

C2VN, INSERM, INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
Interests: obesity; obesity programming; micronutrients deficiencies; vitamins deficiencies; mineral deficiency; DOHaD; energy homeostasis; adiposity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Micronutrients deficiencies are still considered as a major public health issue, not only in low-resource countries but also in wealthy countries, where is it called ‘hiden hunger’. Several lines of evidences support associations between micronutrients deficiencies and obesity. Beyond this simple observation, it is obvious that such deficiencies may influence several physiological processes and consequently participate to the complex etiology of obesity and comorbidities. Indeed micronutrients deficiencies may affect energy metabolism and homeostasis for instance, but also many others metabolic pathways. In addition, obesity by itself may participate to micronutrients deficiencies, resulting in the establishment of a vicious circle. Recent studies also support the fact that maternal (and maybe paternal) micronutrients deficiencies participate to the metabolic programming of the offspring and its probability to develop obesity during adulthood, in adequation with the concept of developmental origin of health and diseases (DOHaD).

This Special Issue in Nutrients, entitled ‘Impact of micronutrients deficiency on obesity’ welcomes reviews, viewpoints, and original papers investigating and/or commenting on the associations and possible underliyng molecular mechanisms between micronutrients deficiency and obesity.

Dr. Jean-François Landrier
Guest Editor

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Keywords

obesity
obesity programming
micronutrients deficiencies
vitamins deficiencies
mineral deficiency
DOHaD
energy homeostasis
adiposity

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1627 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Mee-Ri Lee and Sung Min Jung

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3461; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14173461 - 24 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1744

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of folic acid on obesity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII 2016–2018), 6394 adults (aged 19–80 years) who met the study criteria were identified and divided into young, middle-aged, and older adult groups. The analysis assessed associations using logistic regression for complex samples. Obesity was measured using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), and body roundness index (BRI). The odds ratio (OR) of obesity based on BMI were statistically significant for young adults and older participants with low levels of folic acid compared to those with high levels (OR: 1.33 and 1.58, respectively). The OR of obesity based on BMI, WC, WHtR, ABSI, and BRI was significant with low levels of folic acid in middle-aged individuals (OR: 1.36, 1.32, 1.41, 1.29, and 1.47, respectively). Low folate levels were related to higher high-sensitivity CRP levels in middle-aged patients. In conclusion, folate level showed a significant inverse association with obesity and inflammatory biomarkers, especially in the middle-aged group. Further longitudinal or randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm and expand our results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients Deficiency and Obesity)

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11 pages, 611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

No Association between Vitamin D and Weight Gain: A Prospective, Population-Based Study

by Pollyanna Patriota, Serge Rezzi, Idris Guessous and Pedro Marques-Vidal

Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3185; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14153185 - 03 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1959

Abstract

Background: The association between vitamin D and weight gain remains controversial due to important limitations in the studies. We investigated the relationship between vitamin D levels and 5 and 10 years of weight and waist circumference change in a population-based prospective cohort study. Methods: Prospective study including participants aged between 35 and 75 years living in the city of Lausanne, Switzerland. Weight and waist change at 5- and 10-year follow-up were assessed according to baseline vitamin D status (normal, insufficiency and deficiency). Results: A total of 3638 participants (47.9 % women, mean age 51.6 ± 10.4 years) were included for the 5-year follow-up. No association was found between vitamin D categories and weight change, multivariate-adjusted average ± standard error: 1.6 ± 0.3, 1.5 ± 0.2 and 1.2 ± 0.1 kg for normal, insufficiency and deficiency, respectively, p = 0.159. For waist change, the corresponding values were 3.3 ± 0.4, 3.3 ± 0.2 and 3.4 ± 0.2 cm, p = 0.792. For the 10-year follow-up, data from 2999 participants (45.8% women, mean age 50.8 ± 10.3 years) were used. No association was found for weight 2.3 ± 0.4, 2.3 ± 0.2 and 2.0 ± 0.2 kg, p = 0.588, or for waist 3.7 ± 0.4, 3.6 ± 0.3 and 4.2 ± 0.2 cm for normal, insufficiency and deficiency, respectively, p = 0.259. Conclusion: No association between vitamin D status and weight or waist gain at 5- and 10-year follow-up was found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients Deficiency and Obesity)

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8 pages, 527 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D Supplementation on Carotid Remodeling and Stiffness in Obese Adolescents

by Christopher Morrissey, Marie-Josèphe Amiot, Aurelie Goncalves, Cecile Raverdy, Delphine Masson, Catherine Tardivel, Sandrine Gayrard, Myriam Carrère, Jean-Francois Landrier, Agnes Vinet and Antonia Perez-Martin

Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2296; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14112296 - 30 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1778

Abstract

Obesity is associated with vitamin D (VD) deficiency and arterial stiffness. This randomized control trial assessed the effects of VD supplementation during a weight-loss program on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid compliance in obese adolescents. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a 12-week lifestyle program with VD supplementation (n = 13), a lifestyle program without VD supplementation (n = 13) or a control group composed of normal-weight adolescents (n = 18). Serum total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), IMT and carotid compliance were measured before and after the trial. Insufficiency in 25(OH)D concentration was found in 73% of obese participants compared to 22% among controls. Obese adolescents had lower free 25(OH)D and displayed higher IMT but lower carotid compliance than controls. Free 25(OH)D and IMT were negatively correlated in adolescents displaying VD insufficiency at baseline. After three months, total and free 25(OH)D increased in both groups. The changes of IMT and carotid compliance were similar between groups. The changes in IMT were correlated with the changes in total 25(OH)D in obese adolescents with VD insufficiency at baseline (r = −0.59, p = 0.03). While the lifestyle program with VD supplementation did not affect carotid compliance, IMT reduction was improved in obese adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients Deficiency and Obesity)

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12 pages, 9354 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional Status in Chinese Patients with Obesity Following Sleeve Gastrectomy/Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study

by Chunlan Zhang, Xi Chen, Shiping Liu, Wei Liu, Dalong Zhu, Xiaoying Li, Shen Qu, Zhiming Zhu, Jingjing Zhang and Zhiguang Zhou

Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1932; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14091932 - 05 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1892

Abstract

Metabolic surgery (MS) is one of the most effective therapies for treating obesity. Due to the lack of multicenter cohort research on nutritional evaluations after surgery in Chinese patients, we explored the changes in nutritional status following MS in Chinese patients. This was a retrospective study of patients (n = 903) who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) (n = 640) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n = 263) for obesity at five different hospitals in China between 17 February 2011, and 20 December 2019. Major nutrients were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Hb levels decreased, and anemia prevalence increased at 12 months after MS in the premenopausal female group. Moreover, patients with preoperative anemia had an increased risk of postoperative anemia. The ferritin levels (p < 0.001) decreased and iron deficiency increased (p < 0.001) at 12 months after MS among premenopausal females. No significant changes in folate deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency were found throughout the study. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total hip significantly decreased from baseline to 12 months after MS; however, no new patients developed osteopenia or osteoporosis after MS. Based on 12 months of follow-up, premenopausal females presented a high incidence of anemia after MS. Although we found no differences in osteopenia and osteoporosis prevalence after MS, the BMD did decrease significantly, which suggests that nutrient supplements and long-term follow-up are especially necessary postoperation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients Deficiency and Obesity)

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Review

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16 pages, 661 KiB

Open AccessReview

Vitamin D and Obesity/Adiposity—A Brief Overview of Recent Studies

by Imene Bennour, Nicole Haroun, Flavie Sicard, Lourdes Mounien and Jean-François Landrier

Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2049; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14102049 - 13 May 2022

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5373

Abstract

Observational studies classically find an inverse relationship between human plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and obesity. However, interventional and genetic studies have failed to provide clear conclusions on the causal effect of vitamin D on obesity/adiposity. Likewise, vitamin D supplementation in obese rodents has mostly failed to improve obesity parameters, whereas several lines of evidence in rodents and prospective studies in humans point to a preventive effect of vitamin D supplementation on the onset of obesity. Recent studies investigating the impact of maternal vitamin D deficiency in women and in rodent models on adipose tissue biology programming in offspring further support a preventive metabolically driven effect of vitamin D sufficiency. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of the knowledge on the relationship between vitamin D and obesity/adiposity in humans and in rodents and the impact of maternal vitamin D deficiency on the metabolic trajectory of the offspring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients Deficiency and Obesity)

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17 pages, 840 KiB

Open AccessReview

Resolvins’ Obesity-Driven Deficiency: The Implications for Maternal–Fetal Health

by Alice Bosco, Angelica Dessì, Caterina Zanza, Roberta Pintus and Vassilios Fanos

Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1662; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14081662 - 16 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2326

Abstract

Since pregnancy is already characterized by mild but significant inflammatory activity in physiological conditions, when complicated by obesity the probability of a persistent inflammatory state increases, with consequent multiple repercussions that add up to the complications associated with acute inflammation. In this context, the role of resolvins, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), deriving from omega-3 essential fatty acids, may be crucial. Indeed, differential production in numerous high-risk conditions associated with both childbirth and neonatal health, the correlation between maternal omega-3 intake and resolvin concentrations in maternal blood and at the placental level, and the high values found in breast milk in the first month of breastfeeding, are some of the most important hallmarks of these autacoids. In addition, a growing body of scientific evidence supports the lack of SPMs, at the level of immune-metabolic tissues, in the case of obesity. Furthermore, the obesity-related lack of SPMs seems to be decisive in the context of the current outbreak of COVID-19, as it appears to be one of the causes associated with the higher incidence of complications and negative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The usefulness of metabolomics in this field appears clear, given that through the metabolome it is possible to observe the numerous and complex interactions between the mother, the placenta and the fetus in order to identify specific biomarkers useful in the prediction, diagnosis and monitoring of the various obstetric conditions. However, further investigations are needed in order to evaluate the possible use of some resolvins as biomarkers of maternal–fetal outcomes but also to establish adequate integration values in pregnant women with omega-3 fatty acids or with more active derivatives that guarantee optimal SPM production under risky conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micronutrients Deficiency and Obesity)

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