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Nutrients
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Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition
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Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Policies and Education for Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2021) | Viewed by 8410

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Francesco Cadario

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Pediatrics, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
Interests: childhood diabetes; T1D; vitamin D; omega 3 PUFAs; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrition is the new frontier of human health and well-being. Its novelty consists of the possible role of micronutrients, such as vitamin D, omega 3 PUFAs, and omega 6, to which a growing number of studies are addressed. The roles of some micronutrients are well established, such as zinc in grown impairment and in hypogonadism, and iodine in thyroid function.

Given the complexity of human nutrition as a whole, the research should be primarily focused on some well-defined diseases of great importance in human health, and currently the nutrition and micronutrients concern several chronic pathologies, mostly CVD, metabolic diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases of bowel, CNS diseases especially of the child, and immune diseases. Last in chronological order is the possible role of nutrition and micronutrients in autoimmune regulation after COVID-19 infection.

Endocrinopathies represent a promising field of study, in particular T1D, T2D, Met-S, obesity and overweight, thyroid diseases, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Unfortunately, even with a high production of studies, only few clinical studies have been carried out that translate consistently into a clinical benefit for patients. This last point is the goal for this Special Issue of Nutrients on “Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition”.

I invite any expert of a specific disease to review the current research to design further clinical investigations.

Dr. Francesco Cadario
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • T1D
  • childhood diabetes
  • omega 3 PUFAs
  • vitamin D
  • diabetes nutrition
  • autoimmune thyroid diseases
  • met-S
  • PCOS
  • childhood overweight

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 433 KiB  
Article
Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Diabetes in French Guiana: Epidemiology and Relation with Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications
by Elise Girard, Mathieu Nacher, John Bukasa-Kakamba, Aniza Fahrasmane, Antoine Adenis, Mickael Massicard, Kinan Drak Alsibai, Bertrand De Toffol, Raissa Bekima, Liliane Thelusme, Diana Okambabelle, Magalie Demar, Jean M. Aurelus and Nadia Sabbah
Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4302; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13124302 - 28 Nov 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2715
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) insufficiency is common among patients with diabetes in French Guiana. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of VD deficiency in the different type of diabetes encountered and to analyze the relationship between VD deficiency and diabetes complications. Methods: An [...] Read more.
Vitamin D (VD) insufficiency is common among patients with diabetes in French Guiana. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of VD deficiency in the different type of diabetes encountered and to analyze the relationship between VD deficiency and diabetes complications. Methods: An observational study was conducted between May 2019 and May 2020 in French Guiana, based on data from the CODIAM study (Diabetes Cohort in French Amazonia), describing the characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus. Among 600 patients enrolled with diabetes, 361 had an available VD assay. Results: The mean 25(OH)VD (hydroxycalciferol) level was 27.9 ng/mL. The level of VD was inversely proportional to the HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) level. Patients with angina pectoris had a greater proportion of deficiencies VD < 20 ng/mL than those without angina. By contrast, patients with retinopathy had higher vitamin D concentrations than those without retinopathy. There was no association between vitamin D and arteriopathy, stroke, nephropathy and polyneuropathy. VD deficiency was more frequent in women, and in patients with a high school education. Conclusion: The prevalence of VD deficiency was high in patients with diabetes in French Guiana, emphasizing the importance of VD supplementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition)
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10 pages, 512 KiB  
Article
Acute Metabolic Responses to Glucose and Fructose Supplementation in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Max L. Eckstein, Antonia Brockfeld, Sandra Haupt, Janis R. Schierbauer, Rebecca T. Zimmer, Nadine Wachsmuth, Beate Zunner, Paul Zimmermann, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch and Othmar Moser
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4095; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13114095 - 16 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2309
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of glucose (Glu), fructose (Fru), glucose and fructose (GluFru) and sucralose on blood glucose response in healthy individuals. Fifteen healthy individuals (five females, age of 25.4 ± 2.5 years, BMI of 23.7 ± [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of glucose (Glu), fructose (Fru), glucose and fructose (GluFru) and sucralose on blood glucose response in healthy individuals. Fifteen healthy individuals (five females, age of 25.4 ± 2.5 years, BMI of 23.7 ± 1.7 kg/m2 with a body mass (BM) of 76.3 ± 12.3 kg) participated in this double-blind randomized crossover placebo-controlled trial. Participants received a mixture of 300 mL of water with 1 g/kg BM of Glu, 1 g/kg BM of Fru, 0.5 g/kg BM of GluFru (each), and 0.2 g sucralose as a placebo. Peak BG values Glu were reached after 40 ± 13 min (peak BG: 141 ± 20 mg/dL), for Fru after 36 ± 22 min (peak BG: 98 ± 7 mg/dL), for GluFru after 29 ± 8 min (BG 128 ± 18 mg/dL), and sucralose after 34 ± 27 min (peak BG: 83 ± 5 mg/dL). Significant differences regarding the time until peak BG were found only between Glu and GluFru supplementation (p = 0.02). Peak blood glucose levels were significantly lower following the ingestion of Fru compared to the supplementation of Glu and GluFru (p < 0.0001) while Glu and GluFru supplementation showed no difference in peak values (p = 0.23). All conditions led to a significantly higher peak BG value compared to sucralose (p < 0.0001). Blood lactate increased in Glu (p = 0.002), Fru and GluFru (both p < 0.0001), whereas sucralose did not increase compared to the baseline (p = 0.051). Insulin levels were significantly higher in all conditions at peak compared to sucralose (p < 0.0001). The findings of this study prove the feasibility of combined carbohydrate supplementations for many applications in diabetic or healthy exercise cohorts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition)
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18 pages, 1677 KiB  
Article
24-h Potassium Excretion Is Associated with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: Results from a National Survey Based on Urine Collection in Adults
by Assaf Buch, Rebecca Goldsmith, Lesley Nitsan, Miri Margaliot, Gabi Shefer, Yonit Marcus and Naftali Stern
Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2689; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13082689 - 03 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2328
Abstract
A balanced diet and weight loss are the first lines of treatment for the prevention of metabolic syndrome (MS). Dietary strategies may include changing the composition of macronutrients, adopting a particular dietary pattern as a Mediterranean diet. However, the role of micronutrients, particularly [...] Read more.
A balanced diet and weight loss are the first lines of treatment for the prevention of metabolic syndrome (MS). Dietary strategies may include changing the composition of macronutrients, adopting a particular dietary pattern as a Mediterranean diet. However, the role of micronutrients, particularly potassium, in the propensity for or treatment of the syndrome is unclear. The study aimed to examine the relationship between the presence of the MS and its risk factors and the 24-h potassium excretion as the most valid proxy for dietary intake. The analyses were performed as part of the national survey estimating sodium and other electrolytes excretion conducted between 2014–2016 in Israel. The survey included urine collection, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and a comprehensive medical questionnaire that included details on the intake of medications that may affect electrolyte secretion. A model was constructed to evaluate the probability for the MS. MS score and its probability were examined in relation to potassium excretion at different levels and in stratification to sex. A total of 581 participants were included in the analysis. The mean potassium excretion was 2818 ± 1417 mg. The prevalence of the MS was 18.5% among participants with above-average potassium excretion and about 10.4% among participants with lower-than-average excretion (p = 0.007). A dose–response relationship was observed between MS score and potassium: the higher the score, the lower was the excretion of potassium. Potassium excretion, rather than sodium excretion, correlated with all components of the MS and even predicted MS independently from other variables. This is the first study based on a national survey showing that potassium consumption, as represented by daily excretion in urine, is inversely related to the presence of MS components after adjustment for several leading variables and careful exclusion of participants taking drugs which may interfere in potassium excretion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition)
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