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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 11417

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Dr. Sergio Serrano-Villar

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Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
Interests: HIV; microbiome; immunopathogenesis; inflammation; fecal microbiota transplant; microbial ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the very beginning of the AIDS epidemic, it became clear that HIV infection damages the gut and elicits nutritional deficits. Subsequently, nutritional supplementation has been pursued as a strategy to enhance immune reconstitution and to target persistent immune defects.

The goal of this Special Issue, “Nutritional Supplementation in People with HIV”, is to gain understanding on the biological and clinical effects of nutritional supplementation in people with HIV with prebiotics, probiotics, oligonutrients, or other interventions targeting the microbiota on the immune system and clinical outcomes. Specifically, the aim is to clarify if nutritional intervention can influence gut microbiota composition, function, and host-interaction, favoring human health and preventing diseases.

This new Special Issue will provide health care professionals with widespread, clear and up-to-date evidence on nutritional interventions in HIV care.

Dr. Sergio Serrano-Villar
Guest Editor

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Keywords

HIV
nutrition
prebiotics
probiotics
synbiotics
oligonutrients
fecal microbiota transplant
microbiome

Published Papers (4 papers)

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18 pages, 4843 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship of Diet to Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Biomarkers in People with HIV

by Mónica Manzano, Alba Talavera-Rodríguez, Elena Moreno, Nadia Madrid, María José Gosalbes, Raquel Ron, Fernando Dronda, José A. Pérez-Molina, Val F. Lanza, Jorge Díaz, Santiago Moreno, Beatriz Navia and Sergio Serrano-Villar

Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1221; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14061221 - 14 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3110

Abstract

While changes in microbiome composition have been associated with HIV, the effect of diet and its potential impact on inflammation remains unclear. Methods: Twenty-seven people living with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were studied. A comprehensive dietary analysis was performed and two types of dietary patterns were determined. We explored the associations of each dietary pattern with gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory biomarkers. Results: We appreciated two dietary patterns, Mediterranean-like (MEL) and one Western-like (WEL). Compared to participants with the WEL pattern, participants with MEL pattern showed higher abundance of Lachnospira (p-value = 0.02) and lower levels of the inflammatory biomarkers D-dimer (p-value = 0.050) and soluble TNF-alpha receptor 2 (sTNFR2) (p-value = 0.049). Men who have sex with men (MSM) with MEL pattern had lower abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae (p-value < 0.001) and lower levels of D-dimer (p-value = 0.026) than MSM with WEL pattern. Conclusion: MEL pattern favours Lachnospira abundance, and protects against Erysipelotrichaceae abundance and higher levels of the inflammatory biomarkers D-dimer and sTNFR2, precursors of inflammatory processes in HIV-infected patients. Our study contributes to understanding the determinants of a healthier diet and its connections with gut microbiota and inflammation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplementation in People with HIV)

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12 pages, 2509 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Targeting the Gut Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children to Decrease Inflammation and Immunoactivation: A Pilot Clinical Trial

by Talía Sainz, Laura Diaz, David Rojo, María Isabel Clemente, Coral Barbas, María José Gosalbes, Nuria Jimenez-Hernandez, Luis Escosa, Sara Guillen, José Tomás Ramos, María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández, María Luisa Navarro, María José Mellado and Sergio Serrano-Villar

Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 992; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14050992 - 26 Feb 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2336

Abstract

Aims: Children with HIV exhibit chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Strategies targeting persistent inflammation are needed to improve health in people living with HIV. The gut microbiota likely interacts with the immune system, but the clinical implications of modulating the dysbiosis by nutritional supplementation are unclear. Methods: Pilot, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in which 24 HIV-infected on ART were randomized to supplementation with a daily mixture of symbiotics, omega-3/6 fatty acids and amino acids, or placebo four weeks, in combination with ART. We analyzed inflammatory markers and T-cell activation changes and their correlations with shifts in fecal microbiota. Results: Twenty-four HIV-infected children were recruited and randomized to receive a symbiotic nutritional supplement or placebo. Mean age was 12 ± 3.9 years, 62.5% were female. All were on ART and had HIV RNA < 50/mL. We did not detect changes in inflammatory (IL-6, IL-7, IP-10), microbial translocation (sCD14), mucosal integrity markers (IFABP, zonulin) or the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, or changes in markers of the adaptive immune response in relation to the intervention. However, we found correlations between several key bacteria and the assessed inflammatory and immunological parameters, supporting a role of the microbiota in immune modulation in children with HIV. Conclusions: In this exploratory study, a four-week nutritional supplementation had no significant effects in terms of decreasing inflammation, microbial translocation, or T-cell activation in HIV-infected children. However, the correlations found support the interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplementation in People with HIV)

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14 pages, 899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Healthy Habits Counseling on Biochemical and Metabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents with HIV: Longitudinal Study

by Rafaela Catherine da Silva Cunha de Medeiros, Tatiane Andreza Lima da Silva, Anna Luiza Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto, Jason Azevedo de Medeiros, Alexandre Bulhões-Correia, Francisco Americo Micussi, Marcela Abbott Galvao Ururahy, Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinoco Cabral and Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas

Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 3237; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13093237 - 17 Sep 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1685

Abstract

We analyze the influence of dietary counseling and physical activity on biochemical and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents with HIV. A longitudinal experimental study, including three analyses: At the beginning, 4th month, and 8th month. A sample of 18 subjects with HIV of both sexes, mean age 10.4 ± 4.50 years. Usual food intake (24 h recall and food intake marker), level of habitual physical activity, biochemical parameters, resting metabolic rate, as well as body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), biological maturation, and anamnesis with clinical data and socioeconomic were evaluated. There was an effect of time on the reduction of blood glucose and triglycerides and the resting metabolic rate. There was a significant increase in fruit consumption throughout the study. The consumption of soft drinks decreased when comparing analysis periods 1 and 2, however, it increased again in analysis period 3. There was no significant effect of time on the set of variables related to a food recall. Counseling healthy habits and regular clinical follow-up were relevant for improving biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol), maintaining the resting metabolic rate, increasing fruit consumption, and decreasing the consumption of soft drinks, in part of the time, of children and adolescents with HIV. Finally, we emphasize that counseling positively influenced healthy habits, and these, in turn, improved health-related parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplementation in People with HIV)

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22 pages, 1400 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Pharmacokinetic Outcomes of the Interactions of Antiretroviral Agents with Food and Supplements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Tippawan Siritientong, Daylia Thet, Janthima Methaneethorn and Nattawut Leelakanok

Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 520; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14030520 - 25 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3583

Abstract

Because pharmacokinetic changes in antiretroviral drugs (ARV), due to their concurrent administration with food or nutritional products, have become a clinical challenge, it is necessary to monitor the therapeutic efficacy of ARV in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to clarify the pharmacokinetic outcomes of the interaction between supplements such as food, dietary supplements, and nutrients, and ARV. Twenty-four articles in both healthy subjects and PLWH were included in the qualitative analysis, of which five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Food–drug coadministration significantly increased the time to reach maximum concentration (t_max) (p < 0.00001) of ARV including abacavir, amprenavir, darunavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, zidovudine, ritonavir, and tenofovir alafenamide. In addition, the increased maximum plasma concentration (C_max) of ARV, such as darunavir, under fed conditions was observed. Area under the curve and terminal half-life were not significantly affected. Evaluating the pharmacokinetic aspects, it is vital to clinically investigate ARV and particular supplement interaction in PLWH. Educating patients about any potential interactions would be one of the effective recommendations during this HIV epidemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplementation in People with HIV)

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