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Nutrients
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Nutrition and Microbiota as Modulators of Immunometabolism
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Nutrition and Microbiota as Modulators of Immunometabolism

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 57793

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Christoph Reinhardt

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Interests: gnotobiotics; germ-free mouse models; innate immune function; vascular biology; thrombosis; atherosclerosis; high-fat diet; colorectal cancer
Dr. Tim Hendrikx

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Interests: fatty liver disease; steatohepatitis; lipid metabolism; microbiome; humoral immunity; gut–liver axis; diet-induced inflammation; antibody responses

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intestinal microbiota, as part of the environmental exposome, is strongly influenced by nutrition and plays a key role in health and disease. In this Nutrients Special Issue, we summarize current views on the modulating effect of nutrition on host immunity from a microbiome perspective. We highlight recent advances in the mechanisms by which nutrition and diet-induced dysbiosis alter host immune functions and cellular metabolism, thereby influencing disease development. This Special Issue aims to provide insights into the adaptation and maladaptation of organ-specific immune functions, influencing host metabolism, inflammatory phenotypes and tissue remodeling. Lastly, novel concepts for treatment strategies by microbiome modulation are discussed as means of personalized precision medicine.

Prof. Dr. Christoph Reinhardt
Dr. Tim Hendrikx
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • High-fat diet
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • Fiber-rich diet
  • Microbiota
  • Dysbiosis
  • Hepatic inflammation
  • Immunometabolism
  • Host defense
  • Barrier function
  • Metabolism
  • Humoral immune response

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 844 KiB  
Communication
Nutritional Targeting of the Microbiome as Potential Therapy for Malnutrition and Chronic Inflammation
by Lena Schröder, Sina Kaiser, Burkhardt Flemer, Jacob Hamm, Finn Hinrichsen, Dora Bordoni, Philip Rosenstiel and Felix Sommer
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3032; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12103032 - 03 Oct 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6530
Abstract
Homeostatic interactions with the microbiome are central for a healthy human physiology and nutrition is the main driving force shaping the microbiome. In the past decade, a wealth of preclinical studies mainly using gnotobiotic animal models demonstrated that malnutrition and chronic inflammation stress [...] Read more.
Homeostatic interactions with the microbiome are central for a healthy human physiology and nutrition is the main driving force shaping the microbiome. In the past decade, a wealth of preclinical studies mainly using gnotobiotic animal models demonstrated that malnutrition and chronic inflammation stress these homeostatic interactions and various microbial species and their metabolites or metabolic activities have been associated with disease. For example, the dysregulation of the bacterial metabolism of dietary tryptophan promotes an inflammatory environment and susceptibility to pathogenic infection. Clinical studies have now begun to evaluate the therapeutic potential of nutritional and probiotic interventions in malnutrition and chronic inflammation to ameliorate disease symptoms or even prevent pathogenesis. Here, we therefore summarize the recent progress in this field and propose to move further towards the nutritional targeting of the microbiome for malnutrition and chronic inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Microbiota as Modulators of Immunometabolism)
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Review

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33 pages, 3134 KiB  
Review
The Interplay between Nutrition, Innate Immunity, and the Commensal Microbiota in Adaptive Intestinal Morphogenesis
by Franziska Bayer, Olga Dremova, My Phung Khuu, Könül Mammadova, Giulia Pontarollo, Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi, Natalia Soshnikova, Helen Louise May-Simera, Kristina Endres and Christoph Reinhardt
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2198; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13072198 - 26 Jun 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5781
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a functionally and anatomically segmented organ that is colonized by microbial communities from birth. While the genetics of mouse gut development is increasingly understood, how nutritional factors and the commensal gut microbiota act in concert to shape tissue organization [...] Read more.
The gastrointestinal tract is a functionally and anatomically segmented organ that is colonized by microbial communities from birth. While the genetics of mouse gut development is increasingly understood, how nutritional factors and the commensal gut microbiota act in concert to shape tissue organization and morphology of this rapidly renewing organ remains enigmatic. Here, we provide an overview of embryonic mouse gut development, with a focus on the intestinal vasculature and the enteric nervous system. We review how nutrition and the gut microbiota affect the adaptation of cellular and morphologic properties of the intestine, and how these processes are interconnected with innate immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how nutritional and microbial factors impact the renewal and differentiation of the epithelial lineage, influence the adaptation of capillary networks organized in villus structures, and shape the enteric nervous system and the intestinal smooth muscle layers. Intriguingly, the anatomy of the gut shows remarkable flexibility to nutritional and microbial challenges in the adult organism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Microbiota as Modulators of Immunometabolism)
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18 pages, 1137 KiB  
Review
Gut Microbiota, in the Halfway between Nutrition and Lung Function
by Christophe Espírito Santo, Catarina Caseiro, Maria João Martins, Rosário Monteiro and Inês Brandão
Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1716; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13051716 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 7735
Abstract
The gut microbiota is often mentioned as a “forgotten organ” or “metabolic organ”, given its profound impact on host physiology, metabolism, immune function and nutrition. A healthy diet is undoubtedly a major contributor for promoting a “good” microbial community that turns out to [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota is often mentioned as a “forgotten organ” or “metabolic organ”, given its profound impact on host physiology, metabolism, immune function and nutrition. A healthy diet is undoubtedly a major contributor for promoting a “good” microbial community that turns out to be crucial for a fine-tuned symbiotic relationship with the host. Both microbial-derived components and produced metabolites elicit the activation of downstream cascades capable to modulate both local and systemic immune responses. A balance between host and gut microbiota is crucial to keep a healthy intestinal barrier and an optimal immune homeostasis, thus contributing to prevent disease occurrence. How dietary habits can impact gut microbiota and, ultimately, host immunity in health and disease has been the subject of intense study, especially with regard to metabolic diseases. Only recently, these links have started to be explored in relation to lung diseases. The objective of this review is to address the current knowledge on how diet affects gut microbiota and how it acts on lung function. As the immune system seems to be the key player in the cross-talk between diet, gut microbiota and the lungs, involved immune interactions are discussed. There are key nutrients that, when present in our diet, help in gut homeostasis and lead to a healthier lifestyle, even ameliorating chronic diseases. Thus, with this review we hope to incite the scientific community interest to use diet as a valuable non-pharmacological addition to lung diseases management. First, we talk about the intestinal microbiota and interactions through the intestinal barrier for a better understanding of the following sections, which are the main focus of this article: the way diet impacts the intestinal microbiota and the immune interactions of the gut–lung axis that can explain the impact of diet, a key modifiable factor influencing the gut microbiota in several lung diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Microbiota as Modulators of Immunometabolism)
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49 pages, 2866 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota–Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease
by Cielo García-Montero, Oscar Fraile-Martínez, Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz, Leonel Pekarek, Alejandro J. Castellanos, Fernando Noguerales-Fraguas, Santiago Coca, Luis G. Guijarro, Natalio García-Honduvilla, Angel Asúnsolo, Lara Sanchez-Trujillo, Guillermo Lahera, Julia Bujan, Jorge Monserrat, Melchor Álvarez-Mon, Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon and Miguel A. Ortega
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 699; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13020699 - 22 Feb 2021
Cited by 171 | Viewed by 30171
Abstract
The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer) are rising worldwide. All of them share the condition of an “inflammatory disorder”, with impaired immune functions frequently caused or accompanied [...] Read more.
The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer) are rising worldwide. All of them share the condition of an “inflammatory disorder”, with impaired immune functions frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. These multifactorial maladies also have in common malnutrition related to physiopathology. In this context, diet is the greatest modulator of immune system–microbiota crosstalk, and much interest, and new challenges, are arising in the area of precision nutrition as a way towards treatment and prevention. It is a fact that the westernized diet (WD) is partly responsible for the increased prevalence of NCDs, negatively affecting both gut microbiota and the immune system. Conversely, other nutritional approaches, such as Mediterranean diet (MD), positively influence immune system and gut microbiota, and is proposed not only as a potential tool in the clinical management of different disease conditions, but also for prevention and health promotion globally. Thus, the purpose of this review is to determine the regulatory role of nutritional components of WD and MD in the gut microbiota and immune system interplay, in order to understand, and create awareness of, the influence of diet over both key components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Microbiota as Modulators of Immunometabolism)
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29 pages, 353 KiB  
Review
Involvement of Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites and Interaction with Polyphenol in Host Immunometabolism
by Andy W.C. Man, Yawen Zhou, Ning Xia and Huige Li
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3054; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu12103054 - 06 Oct 2020
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 5990
Abstract
Immunological and metabolic processes are inextricably linked and important for maintaining tissue and organismal health. Manipulation of cellular metabolism could be beneficial to immunity and prevent metabolic and degenerative diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Maintenance of a normal metabolism depends on symbiotic [...] Read more.
Immunological and metabolic processes are inextricably linked and important for maintaining tissue and organismal health. Manipulation of cellular metabolism could be beneficial to immunity and prevent metabolic and degenerative diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Maintenance of a normal metabolism depends on symbiotic consortium of gut microbes. Gut microbiota contributes to certain xenobiotic metabolisms and bioactive metabolites production. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been shown to be involved in inflammatory activation of macrophages and contribute to metabolic diseases. Recent studies have focused on how nutrients affect immunometabolism. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites of plants, are presented in many foods and beverages. Several studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. Many clinical trials and epidemiological studies have also shown that long-term consumption of polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic metabolic diseases. It is known that polyphenols can modulate the composition of core gut microbiota and interact with the immunometabolism. In the present article, we review the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its metabolites on immunometabolism, summarize recent findings on how the interaction between microbiota and polyphenol modulates host immunometabolism, and discuss future research directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Microbiota as Modulators of Immunometabolism)
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