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17 pages, 10705 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Supplementation Prevents Intestinal Barrier Injury and Gut Microflora Dysbiosis Induced by Sleep Deprivation

by Xintong Wang, Yixuan Li, Xifan Wang, Ran Wang, Yanling Hao, Fazheng Ren, Pengjie Wang and Bing Fang

Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1100; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu16081100 - 09 Apr 2024

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Abstract

Sleep deprivation (SD) leads to impaired intestinal barrier function and intestinal flora disorder, especially a reduction in the abundance of the next generation of probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii). However, it remains largely unclear whether F. prausnitzii can ameliorate SD-induced intestinal [...] Read more.

Sleep deprivation (SD) leads to impaired intestinal barrier function and intestinal flora disorder, especially a reduction in the abundance of the next generation of probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii). However, it remains largely unclear whether F. prausnitzii can ameliorate SD-induced intestinal barrier damage. A 72 h SD mouse model was used in this research, with or without the addition of F. prausnitzii. The findings indicated that pre-colonization with F. prausnitzii could protect against tissue damage from SD, enhance goblet cell count and MUC2 levels in the colon, boost tight-junction protein expression, decrease macrophage infiltration, suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and reduce apoptosis. We found that the presence of F. prausnitzii helped to balance the gut microbiota in SD mice by reducing harmful bacteria like Klebsiella and Staphylococcus, while increasing beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia. Ion chromatography analysis revealed that F. prausnitzii pretreatment increased the fecal butyrate level in SD mice. Overall, these results suggested that incorporating F. prausnitzii could help reduce gut damage caused by SD, potentially by enhancing the intestinal barrier and balancing gut microflora. This provides a foundation for utilizing probiotics to protect against intestinal illnesses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Probiotics/Prebiotics and Functional Foods in Human Health)

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14 pages, 2046 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota on Daytime Performance in Healthy Office Workers: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Trial

by Hiroko Kikuchi-Hayakawa, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Kazunori Suda, Yusuke Gondo, Genki Hirasawa, Hayato Nakamura, Mai Takada, Mitsuhisa Kawai and Kazunori Matsuda

Nutrients 2023, 15(24), 5119; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15245119 - 15 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1843

Abstract

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS) modulates psychological homeostasis via the gut–brain axis. To explore the possible efficacy of LcS for improving daytime performance, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study of 12 healthy office workers with sleep complaints. The participants received fermented [...] Read more.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS) modulates psychological homeostasis via the gut–brain axis. To explore the possible efficacy of LcS for improving daytime performance, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study of 12 healthy office workers with sleep complaints. The participants received fermented milk containing viable LcS (daily intake of 1 × 10¹¹ colony-forming units) and non-fermented placebo milk, each for a 4-week period. In the last week of each period, the participants underwent assessments of their subjective mood and measurements of physiological state indicators via an electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability in the morning and afternoon. The attention score in the afternoon as assessed by the visual analog scale was higher in the LcS intake period than in the placebo intake period (p = 0.041). Theta power on EEG measured at rest or during an auditory oddball task in the afternoon was significantly lower in the LcS period than in the placebo period (p = 0.025 and 0.009, respectively). The change rate of theta power was associated with the change in attention score. Treatment-associated changes were also observed in heart rate and the sympathetic nerve activity index. These results indicate that LcS has possible efficacy for improving daytime performance, supported by observations of the related physiological state indicators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Probiotics/Prebiotics and Functional Foods in Human Health)

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17 pages, 1038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Continuous Ingestion of Bifidobacteria and Inulin on Reducing Body Fat: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparison Study

by Yuhei Baba, Yasuo Saito, Mei Kadowaki, Naoki Azuma and Daisuke Tsuge

Nutrients 2023, 15(24), 5025; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15245025 - 07 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1930

Abstract

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to have several positive health effects, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. It is known that combined intake of GCL2505 and inulin increases the total number of bifidobacteria compared with ingestion of GCL2505 [...] Read more.

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to have several positive health effects, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. It is known that combined intake of GCL2505 and inulin increases the total number of bifidobacteria compared with ingestion of GCL2505 alone. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to confirm that consumption of GCL2505 and inulin reduces abdominal fat (n = 120). Participants consumed a test beverage containing 1 × 10¹⁰ colony-forming units of GCL2505 per 100 g and 2.0 g of inulin per 100 g for 12 weeks. A change in the visceral fat area (VFA) was set as the primary endpoint. There were significant reductions in VFA and total fat area. The intervention significantly increased the total number of bifidobacteria and affected the levels of several lipid markers. Regression analysis of bifidobacteria and measured parameters showed that total bifidobacteria correlated with VFA and body mass index (BMI), while endogenous bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis correlated only with BMI, suggesting that increases in both contributed to the decrease in VFA. These results suggest that combined intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves the intestinal environment and reduces abdominal fat in association with the SCFA-mediated pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Probiotics/Prebiotics and Functional Foods in Human Health)

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17 pages, 809 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Effect of Continuous Ingestion of Bifidobacteria and Dietary Fiber on Improvement in Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

by Naoki Azuma, Takashi Mawatari, Yasuo Saito, Masashi Tsukamoto, Masatoshi Sampei and Yoshitaka Iwama

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4175; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15194175 - 27 Sep 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2659

Abstract

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to have some positive effects on health, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. These effects are thought to be due to GCL2505′s unique ability to reach the intestine in a viable form and proliferate [...] Read more.

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to have some positive effects on health, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. These effects are thought to be due to GCL2505′s unique ability to reach the intestine in a viable form and proliferate after a single intake. This leads to an increased number of intestinal bifidobacteria. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to confirm that intake of GCL2505 and inulin (a prebiotic) improve cognitive function (n = 80). Participants consumed test drinks containing 1 × 10¹⁰ colony-forming units of GCL2505 per 100 g and 2.0 g of inulin per 100 g for 12 weeks. The change in cognitive function assessment scores was set as the primary endpoint. There were significant improvements in scores in the neurocognitive index domain, which is an assessment of overall cognitive function, in addition to overall attention, cognitive flexibility, and executive function domains. The intervention significantly increased the number of fecal bifidobacteria and affected the levels of several inflammatory markers. These results suggest that intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves cognitive function by improving the intestinal environment and alleviating inflammation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Probiotics/Prebiotics and Functional Foods in Human Health)

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16 pages, 3098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Glucosinolates Extracts from Brassica juncea Ameliorate HFD-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

by Ming-Jen Sheu, Mei-Chen Yeh, Ming-Chang Tsai, Chi-Chih Wang, Yen-Ling Chang, Chau-Jong Wang and Hui-Pei Huang

Nutrients 2023, 15(16), 3497; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15163497 - 08 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1368

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is mainly characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. It spans a spectrum of diseases from hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Brassica juncea is rich in glucosinolates and has been [...] Read more.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is mainly characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. It spans a spectrum of diseases from hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Brassica juncea is rich in glucosinolates and has been proven to possess many potential pharmacological properties, including hypoglycemic, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study aims to investigate whether whole-plant Brassica juncea (WBJ) and its glucosinolates extracts (BGE) have hepatoprotective effects against a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD and further explore the mechanism underlying this process in vivo and in vitro. WBJ treatment significantly reduced body fat, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, liver injury, and inflammation; WBJ treatment also reversed the antioxidant enzyme activity to attenuate oxidative stress in HFD-fed rat liver. Moreover, WBJ and BGE enhanced the activation of AMPK to reduce SREBPs, fatty acid synthase, and HMG-CoA reductase but increased the expression of CPT-I and PPARα to improve hepatic steatosis. In addition, WBJ and BGE could ameliorate NAFLD by inhibiting TNF-α and NF-κB. Based on the above results, this study demonstrates that WBJ and BGE ameliorate HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Therefore, these treatments could represent an unprecedented hope toward improved strategies for NAFLD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Probiotics/Prebiotics and Functional Foods in Human Health)

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12 pages, 917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Nonfood Pre- or Probiotic Use and Cognitive Function: Results from NHANES 2011–2014

by Jingyi Chen, Nian Yang, Yilei Peng, Honghao Zhou and Qing Li

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3408; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15153408 - 31 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1990

Abstract

In this study, we collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 2011–2014. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to analyse the association between nonfood pro- or prebiotic use and cognitive function among elderly Americans. [...] Read more.

In this study, we collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 2011–2014. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to analyse the association between nonfood pro- or prebiotic use and cognitive function among elderly Americans. To estimate the potential unobserved results, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to analyse the causal effect. Nonfood pro- or prebiotic use was analysed through the Dietary Supplement Use 30-Day Study. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD), and a composite Z-score calculated by summing the Z-scores of three tests. Male participants who used nonfood pro- or prebiotics tended to have higher comprehensive cognitive function (sum.z) with a β-coefficient of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.08–1.19). Probiotics or prebiotics may be a protective factor against cognitive impairment in males, with an odds ratio of 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02–0.29). Furthermore, the average treatment effect for the treated (ATT) with nonfood pro- or prebiotics (0.555) on sum.z in males was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our research revealed that nonfood pre- or probiotic use was an effective method to improve cognitive function in elderly men from the USA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Probiotics/Prebiotics and Functional Foods in Human Health)

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15 pages, 3694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Usefulness of Resistant Maltodextrin and Chitosan Oligosaccharide in Management of Gut Leakage and Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease

by Weerapat Anegkamol, Panumas Kamkang, Sittiphong Hunthai, Maroot Kaewwongse, Mana Taweevisit, Natthaya Chuaypen, Pakkapon Rattanachaisit and Thasinas Dissayabutra

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3363; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15153363 - 28 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1361

Abstract

Microbiota-dysbiosis-induced gut leakage is a pathophysiologic change in chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to the production of several uremic toxins and their absorption into the bloodstream to worsen the renal complications. We evaluate the benefits of resistant maltodextrin (RMD) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) [...] Read more.

Microbiota-dysbiosis-induced gut leakage is a pathophysiologic change in chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to the production of several uremic toxins and their absorption into the bloodstream to worsen the renal complications. We evaluate the benefits of resistant maltodextrin (RMD) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplements in cell culture and CKD-induced rats. The RMD exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and intestinal occludin and zonula occluden-1 up-regulation in CKD rats compared with inulin and COS. While all prebiotics slightly improved gut dysbiosis, RMD remarkably promoted the relative abundance and the combined abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Akkermansia, and Roseburia in CKD rats. Supplements of RMD should be advantageous in the treatment of gut leakage and microbiota dysbiosis in CKD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Probiotics/Prebiotics and Functional Foods in Human Health)

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Review

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15 pages, 292 KiB

Open AccessReview

Probiotics in Infancy and Childhood for Food Allergy Prevention and Treatment

by Margherita Di Costanzo, Adriana Vella, Claudia Infantino, Riccardo Morini, Simone Bruni, Susanna Esposito and Giacomo Biasucci

Nutrients 2024, 16(2), 297; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu16020297 - 18 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1557

Abstract

Food allergy represents a failure of oral tolerance mechanisms to dietary antigens. Over the past few years, food allergies have become a growing public health problem worldwide. Gut microbiota is believed to have a significant impact on oral tolerance to food antigens and [...] Read more.

Food allergy represents a failure of oral tolerance mechanisms to dietary antigens. Over the past few years, food allergies have become a growing public health problem worldwide. Gut microbiota is believed to have a significant impact on oral tolerance to food antigens and in initiation and maintenance of food allergies. Therefore, probiotics have also been proposed in this field as a possible strategy for modulating both the gut microbiota and the immune system. In recent years, results from preclinical and clinical studies suggest a promising role for probiotics in food allergy prevention and treatment. However, future studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of action of probiotics in food allergies and to design comparable study protocols using specific probiotic strains, defined doses and exposure times, and longer follow-up periods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Probiotics/Prebiotics and Functional Foods in Human Health)

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