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Creatine Supplementation in Health, Performance, Disease and Rehabilitation

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 February 2024) | Viewed by 31204

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Richard B. Kreider

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Guest Editor

Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Interests: exercise physiology; sports nutrition; performance enhancement; weight loss; women's health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Jeffrey R. Stout

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Guest Editor

Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA
Interests: nutrition; ergogenic aids; dietary supplements; body composition; muscle fatigue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Our 2021 Special Issue on Creatine Supplementation for Health and Clinical Diseases was a great success, publishing 28 papers from leading creatine scholars and an MDPI book. Invited papers were also presented at the 2022 Creatine Conference in Health and Disease Throughout the Lifetime. Due to the success of that previous Special Issue, Nutrients has asked us to extend this effort by editing this Special Issue that will publish additional comprehensive reviews and original research studies evaluating the impact of creatine supplementation on health, performance, disease management, and rehabilitation. While those who participated and/or attended the online conference will receive a 10% discount on article processing fees for publishing their work in this Special Issue, we invite all scholars doing research on creatine to submit their work to this Special Issue. We plan to publish papers submitted to this Special Issue in a special topics book of selected 2023–2024 publications.

Prof. Dr. Richard B. Kreider
Prof. Dr. Jeffrey R. Stout
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

ergogenic aids
phosphagens
sarcopenia
cognition
diabetes
creatine synthesis deficiencies
concussion
traumatic brain injury
spinal cord injury
rehabilitation
pregnancy
immunity
anti-inflammatory
antioxidant
anticancer

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 702 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Loading on Exercise Recovery in Active Women throughout the Menstrual Cycle

by Amanda N. Gordon, Sam R. Moore, Noah D. Patterson, Maggie E. Hostetter, Hannah E. Cabre, Katie R. Hirsch, Anthony C. Hackney and Abbie E. Smith-Ryan

Nutrients 2023, 15(16), 3567; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15163567 - 13 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5244

Abstract

Creatine supplementation improves anaerobic performance and recovery; however, to date, these outcomes have not been well explored in females. This study evaluated the effect of creatine monohydrate loading on exercise recovery, measured by heart rate variability (HRV) and repeated sprint performance, in women across the menstrual cycle. In this randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, 39 women (mean ± standard deviation: age: 24.6 ± 5.9 years, height: 172.5 ± 42.3 cm, weight: 65.1 ± 8.1 kg, BF: 27.4 ± 5.8%) were randomized to a creatine monohydrate (n = 19; 20 g per day in 4 × 5 g doses) or non-caloric PL group (n = 20). HRV was measured at rest and after participants completed a repeated sprint cycling test (10 × 6 s maximal sprints). Measurements were conducted before and after supplementation in the follicular/low hormone and luteal/high hormone phases. Creatine monohydrate supplementation did not influence HRV values, as no significant differences were seen in HRV values at rest or postexercise. For repeated sprint outcomes, there was a significant phase × supplement interaction (p = 0.048) for fatigue index, with the greatest improvement seen in high hormone in the creatine monohydrate group (−5.8 ± 19.0%) compared to changes in the PL group (0.1 ± 8.1%). Sprint performance and recovery were reduced by the high hormone for both groups. Though not statistically significant, the data suggests that creatine monohydrate could help counteract performance decrements caused by the high hormone. This data can help inform creatine monohydrate loading strategies for females, demonstrating potential benefits in the high hormone phase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Creatine Supplementation in Health, Performance, Disease and Rehabilitation)

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11 pages, 1078 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Changes in Fluid Distribution across Menstrual Phases with Creatine Supplementation

by Sam R. Moore, Amanda N. Gordon, Hannah E. Cabre, Anthony C. Hackney and Abbie E. Smith-Ryan

Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 429; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15020429 - 13 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5909

Abstract

This study examined the effects of creatine (Cr) loading on body mass (BM) and fluid markers of total body water (TBW), extra-cellular fluid (ECF), and intra-cellular fluid (ICF) across the menstrual cycle (MC). Thirty moderately active females, either naturally-menstruating (NM) or using hormonal contraceptives (HC), were randomized to Cr (Cr; 4 × 5 g/day of creatine monohydrate for 5 days; n = 15) or a non-caloric placebo (PL; n = 15) using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, with a menstrual phase crossover. BM, TBW, ECF, and ICF were measured at pre- and post-supplementation in randomized order of follicular phase (FP; NM: MC days 0–8, HC: inactive pill days) or luteal phase (LP; NM: ≤15 days from next projected cycle start date, HC: active pill days) using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Acute hydration status and salivary estrogen were used as covariates. Change in BM was not different between groups across MC ([PL-Cr] Δ 0.40 ± 0.50 kg; p = 0.427) or between MC phase across groups ([FP-LP] Δ 0.31 ± 0.48 kg; p = 0.528). TBW (p = 0.802), ECF (p = 0.373), and ICF (p = 0.795) were not different between supplement groups at pre-supplementation/FP time points. There were no significant differences between the NM and HC subjects at any time point, for any outcome (p > 0.05). Following LP supplementation, significant changes were observed in TBW (Cr: Δ 0.83 ± 0.38 L, PL: Δ −0.62 ± 0.38 L; p = 0.021), ECF (Cr: Δ 0.46 ± 0.15 L, PL: Δ −0.19 ± 0.15 L; p = 0.013), and ICF (Cr: Δ 0.74 ± 0.23 L, PL: Δ −0.02 ± 0.23 L; p = 0.041). These data demonstrate an increase in all fluid compartments in the LP following Cr loading, without observed alterations in body weight for females. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Creatine Supplementation in Health, Performance, Disease and Rehabilitation)

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Review

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12 pages, 2473 KiB

Open AccessReview

Resistance Exercise and Creatine Supplementation on Fat Mass in Adults < 50 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Darren G. Candow, Konstantinos Prokopidis, Scott C. Forbes, Flavia Rusterholz, Bill I. Campbell and Sergej M. Ostojic

Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4343; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15204343 - 12 Oct 2023

Viewed by 4238

Abstract

The combination of resistance exercise and creatine supplementation has been shown to decrease body fat percentage in adults ≥ 50 years of age. However, the effect on adults < 50 years of age is currently unknown. To address this limitation, we systematically reviewed the literature and performed several meta-analyses comparing studies that included resistance exercise and creatine supplementation to resistance exercise and placebo on fat mass and body fat percentage Twelve studies were included, involving 266 participants. Adults (<50 years of age) who supplemented with creatine and performed resistance exercise experienced a very small, yet significant reduction in body fat percentage (−1.19%, p = 0.006); however, no difference was found in absolute fat mass (−0.18 kg, p = 0.76). Collectively, in adults < 50 years of age, the combination of resistance exercise and creatine supplementation produces a very small reduction in body fat percentage without a corresponding decrease in absolute fat mass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Creatine Supplementation in Health, Performance, Disease and Rehabilitation)

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17 pages, 1272 KiB

Open AccessReview

Is It Time for a Requiem for Creatine Supplementation-Induced Kidney Failure? A Narrative Review

by Igor Longobardi, Bruno Gualano, Antonio Carlos Seguro and Hamilton Roschel

Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1466; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15061466 - 18 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 14341

Abstract

Creatine has become one of the most popular dietary supplements among a wide range of healthy and clinical populations. However, its potential adverse effects on kidney health are still a matter of concern. This is a narrative review of the effects of creatine supplementation on kidney function. Despite a few case reports and animal studies suggesting that creatine may impair kidney function, clinical trials with controlled designs do not support this claim. Creatine supplementation may increase serum creatinine (Crn) concentration for some individuals, but it does not necessarily indicate kidney dysfunction, as creatine is spontaneously converted into Crn. Based on studies assessing kidney function using reliable methods, creatine supplements have been shown to be safe for human consumption. Further studies with people who have pre-existing kidney disease remain necessary. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Creatine Supplementation in Health, Performance, Disease and Rehabilitation)

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