Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the human immune system and of the impact it has on different diseases. Two factors account for this considerable progress. First, the new technological developments, such as mass cytometry, single-cell immunogenomics, and system biology approaches, allow analyses with unprecedented resolution at the cellular level of the immune compartment. This has led to a highly dynamic situation in which new immune populations are constantly identified and described.

Second, increasing evidence is unveiling the intricate networks involved in immune recognition and tissue homeostasis. As has long been known and then confirmed, the immune system comprises an extraordinary diversity of cell types acting together to accomplish their complex biological functions. Indeed, the immune response plays a critical role in pathological situations, such as cancer, chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and diseases associated with metabolic imbalance (diabetes, obesity) and neurological (neurodegenerative or mood) disorders, where tissue homeostasis is highly compromised. Hence, no doubt, the characterization of the immune compartment will be of great relevance for patient stratification and prognosis. Therefore, all the information gathered in this context will be critical for leading novel immunotherapies closer to daily clinical practice and personalized therapies.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the research and strategies currently used to redefine the cellular diversity within the immune system. It also welcomes all those studies seeking not only to elucidate how the immune system participates in tissue homeostasis and disease but also to improve the current immune-based scores tools for prognosis and patient stratification, which will eventually help to outline novel strategies to address personalized treatments.

Prof. Dr. Amedeo Amedei
Dr. Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijng
Guest Editors

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• Immunity
• Immune cells
• Immune Response
• Immunotherapy
• Immunoscore