Next Issue
Volume 6, September
Previous Issue
Volume 6, March
 
 

Fishes, Volume 6, Issue 2 (June 2021) – 13 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): The increasing awareness about animal welfare and strict requirements for fish freshness call for more thorough investigations into slaughtering methods. Among those methods, cranial spiking of fish has been commonly used in Japan. This method, however, has been found to cause delayed convulsion in certain fish species, facilitating meat quality deterioration. The study was designed to investigate the relationship between the variation of the levels of spinal monoamines and delayed convulsion in red seabream to highlight the underlying mechanisms. It appears that norepinephrine plays the most essential role in the initiation of delayed convulsions. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
  • You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.
Order results
Result details
Section
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
13 pages, 1287 KiB  
Article
Dynamics of Two Anadromous Species in a Dam Intersected River: Analysis of Two 100-Year Datasets
by Ulisses M. Azeiteiro, Mário J. Pereira, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Heitor O. Braga, Fernando Morgado, Magda C. Sousa, João M. Dias and Carlos Antunes
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 21; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020021 - 05 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3787
Abstract
Long-term time-series datasets are key for assessing the population dynamics of fish species with economic interest. This study examines two 100-year datasets for sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus and allis shad Alosa alosa from the Minho River. This basin on the Iberian Peninsula is [...] Read more.
Long-term time-series datasets are key for assessing the population dynamics of fish species with economic interest. This study examines two 100-year datasets for sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus and allis shad Alosa alosa from the Minho River. This basin on the Iberian Peninsula is home to one of the largest populations at the southern distribution limit of these critically endangered anadromous fish species. Besides assessing the importance of the environmental drivers of fish capture data (temperature, salinity, upwelling, precipitation, and climatic oscillation), this study also assesses how dam construction affected these populations using intervention analysis—A statistical tool to detect significant breakpoints in time series data. Results showed contrasting trends between sea lamprey and allis shad, with the number of captured fish from the first progressively improving from 1914 to 2017, and the latter recording a significant decline over time. Although no significant correlations were detected between fishing data and environmental variables, some of the identified breakpoints in the time series data matched the dates when the major dams in Minho River were built. Other historical activities associated with mining might explain the notable changes detected in the trends, while issues associated with illegal, unreported, and unregulated capture data are also discussed. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1768 KiB  
Article
Effect of 3-Aminobenzoic Acid Ethyl Ester Methanesulfonate (MS-222) on Quality of Marine Cultured Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) during Simulated Transport in Water
by Jie Cao, Qi Wang, Jun Mei and Jing Xie
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 20; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020020 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3112
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 mg/L) of 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester methanesulfonate (MS-222) on the quality changes in turbot during simulated transport in water. The results showed that the ammonia nitrogen content in the transportation water [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 mg/L) of 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester methanesulfonate (MS-222) on the quality changes in turbot during simulated transport in water. The results showed that the ammonia nitrogen content in the transportation water of each sample increased significantly, and the dissolved oxygen level decreased. The dissolved oxygen content in MS-222-treated samples was higher than that of control group (CK) samples. For turbot flesh quality, simulated transport in water led to a decrease in moisture, fat and protein contents in all samples. The MS-222-treated turbot samples showed higher pH values, glycogen contents, springiness and chewiness values and lower lactic acid contents comparing with the CK samples during simulated transport in water. In addition, the fresh and bitter amino acids in the muscle of turbot increased in each treatment group compared to the non-transported fish at the end of the simulated transport. The results showed that MS-222 treatment could retard the turbot transport stress and improve the quality of turbot during simulated transport in water. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1952 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Densities of Sea Grape Caulerpa lentillifera on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of the Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in Polyculture System
by Khanh Van Ly, David Kamau Murungu, Dung Phuong Nguyen and Ngoc Anh Thi Nguyen
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 19; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020019 - 05 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6231
Abstract
The integrated aquaculture-seaweed system has been identified as a bio-mitigation strategy to overcome environmental damage, improve the efficiency of nutrient use, maintain good water quality, and ensure the system’s sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate density of sea grape ( [...] Read more.
The integrated aquaculture-seaweed system has been identified as a bio-mitigation strategy to overcome environmental damage, improve the efficiency of nutrient use, maintain good water quality, and ensure the system’s sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate density of sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) in polyculture with whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in the same culture tank. Five treatments were randomly designed in triplicate tanks where shrimp was monocultured (without sea grape) as a control treatment and four polyculture treatments with different seaweed density levels (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kg m−3) for 56 days. The results showed that polyculture of shrimp and sea grape significantly reduced the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), and phosphate (PO43−) in the rearing tanks and significantly improved (p < 0.05) the growth rate (6.67–6.76% day−1), survival (73.3–78.5%), and production of shrimp (3.44–3.87 kg m−3) compared to monoculture (6.24% day−1, 54.8%, and 2.02 kg m−3, respectively). Applying shrimp and sea grape polyculture at a density of 1 kg m−3 provided a relatively better shrimp performance and feed conversion ratio than other seaweed densities, although not significantly different among polyculture treatments. The findings suggested that sea grape could be used at densities of 0.5–2 kg m−3 in polyculture with whiteleg shrimp, of which 1 kg m−3 resulted in higher production and feed efficiency. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1683 KiB  
Article
Establishment of a Simplified System to Evaluate Salinity Preference and Validation of Behavioral Salinity Selection in the Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes
by Hiroshi Miyanishi and Katsuhisa Uchida
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 18; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020018 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2726
Abstract
In fishes, it is necessary to select a salinity environment suitable for survival. However, little is known about the mechanisms regarding detection and selection of salinity environments in fish. This study involved the establishment of a simple aquarium system in which fish can [...] Read more.
In fishes, it is necessary to select a salinity environment suitable for survival. However, little is known about the mechanisms regarding detection and selection of salinity environments in fish. This study involved the establishment of a simple aquarium system in which fish can swim between freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) in a single tank. In this tank, the lower level contained SW, the upper level contained FW, and the FW and SW levels were clearly separated as different salinity areas. Behavioral experiments of salinity environment selection using this simplified system to evaluate salinity preference showed that FW-acclimated medakas preferred FW to SW. In contrast, SW-acclimated medakas preferred SW to FW. These results indicate that euryhaline medakas prefer the saline habitats to which they are acclimated, when able to select the salinity environment. We identified the taste receptor type-2 and polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 genes as possibly related to high-salinity taste in medaka. The expression of these genes increased at certain time points after SW challenges. In this study, we established an aquarium system to facilitate a simple experiment for salinity preference. Our results suggest that the medaka is good model for research related to seawater environment selection in fish. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 27488 KiB  
Article
Molecular Characterization of Hsp47 in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Its Correlation with Type I Collagen in Response to Fish Aerobic Exercise
by Xiao Liang, Ying Wan, Zhiyuan Shen, Yanmei Liu, Dapeng Li, Li Li, Rong Tang and Xi Zhang
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 17; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020017 - 23 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2881
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone that is indispensable for molecular maturation of collagen. In this study, hsp47 and hsp47-like cDNAs were cloned and characterized in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The cDNAs were 1212 and 1218 base [...] Read more.
Heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone that is indispensable for molecular maturation of collagen. In this study, hsp47 and hsp47-like cDNAs were cloned and characterized in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The cDNAs were 1212 and 1218 base pairs long, respectively, and included an open reading frame encoding 403 and 405 amino acids. The molecular phylogeny based on the deduced amino acid sequences indicated that the correct sequences of the hsp47 and hsp47-like cDNA were obtained and the deduced proteins clustered distinctly into teleost clades. Primary structure analysis and characterization of Hsp47 and Hsp47-like shared the basic structure and biofunctions of Hsp47 in vertebrates. The spatial pattern of gene expression revealed that hsp47 and hsp47-like were relatively ubiquitous in different tissues and highly expressed in heart and skin. The expression levels of hsp47 and hsp47-like and type I collagen mRNAs varied similarly in different tissues. Type I collagen content increased significantly with the increase of water velocity in the muscle of grass carp in response to aerobic exercise. Among the gene expression changes of hsp47, hsp47-like, col1a1 and col1a2 in muscle that occurred in response to aerobic exercise, the change of type I collagen was most strongly correlated with hsp47 expression. Additionally, col1a1 showed the highest correlation with hsp47-like and col1a2 showed the highest correlation with hsp47. These findings suggest that grass carp Hsp47 and Hsp47-like are closely related to type I collagen synthesis. This study firstly suggests fish aerobic exercise can improve type I collagen content and Hsp47 gene expression in muscle of grass carp. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3702 KiB  
Article
Spatial Modeling of Potential Lobster Harvest Grounds in Palabuhanratu Bay, West Java, Indonesia
by Mutia Kamalia Mukhtar, Masita Dwi Mandini Manessa, Supriatna Supriatna and Liya Tri Khikmawati
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 16; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020016 - 21 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3076
Abstract
Palabuhanratu Bay is a location in the southern part of Java Island with a high lobster population. Based on field observation, the lobster population in Palabuhanratu Bay is dominated by Panulirus homarus (green sand lobster), Panulirus versicolor (bamboo lobster), Panulirus penicillatus (black lobster), [...] Read more.
Palabuhanratu Bay is a location in the southern part of Java Island with a high lobster population. Based on field observation, the lobster population in Palabuhanratu Bay is dominated by Panulirus homarus (green sand lobster), Panulirus versicolor (bamboo lobster), Panulirus penicillatus (black lobster), and Panulirus ornatus (pearl lobster). This study aimed to develop a spatial model using satellite-derived data to predict potential lobster harvest grounds in Palabuhanratu Bay. The Earth observational satellite data used were multispectral Landsat 8-SR imagery, and information about chlorophyll-a, salinity, total suspended solids (TSSs), sea surface temperature (SST), and distance from the coastline was extracted. Multiple linear regression was applied to build the prediction model, which was validated using 10-fold cross-validation. The result of the lobster harvest prediction model agreed with the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and adjusted R2 values of 0.326 and 0.708, respectively. The distribution of lobsters was strong at the following preferred ranges: chlorophyll-a: 1.1–1.7 mg/m3; salinity: 20.2–23.7 ppt; TSS: 40–56.4 mg/L; SST: 29.5–29.9 °C; and distance from the coastline: 500–4700 m. In this study, the habitats of four species of lobsters and their relationships with satellite-derived parameters were evaluated. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2233 KiB  
Article
Wound-Induced Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Skin Mucus and in Gene Expression in the Skin of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.)
by Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruíz and María Ángeles Esteban
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 15; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020015 - 18 Apr 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3598
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant enzyme activities in the skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) at 3 and 7 days post-wounding (dpw). The expression levels of the genes that encode stress proteins (grp170, grp94, grp75, sod [...] Read more.
This study investigated the antioxidant enzyme activities in the skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) at 3 and 7 days post-wounding (dpw). The expression levels of the genes that encode stress proteins (grp170, grp94, grp75, sod and hsp70) and skin regeneration-related proteins (tf, igf1, tgfb1, der1, apo1 and erdj3) in the skin also were determined. Mucus and skin samples were obtained from the left and right flanks of non-wounded and wounded fish. In both flanks of the wounded fish, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in the skin mucus increased (p < 0.05) at 3 and 7 dpw (100 ± 31% and 111 ± 25%, respectively), whereas superoxide dismutase activity increased (p < 0.05) only at 7 dpw (135 ± 15%). The expression levels of stress proteins in the skin of the wounded flank of the wounded fish mainly increased at 7 dpw (grp170 increased to 288 ± 85%, grp94 to 502 ± 143%, grp75 to 274 ± 69%, sod to 569 ± 99%, and hsp70 increased to 537 ± 14%) (p < 0.05). However, the expression levels of the tissue regeneration-related genes varied depending on the flank investigated, on the experimental time, and on the gene studied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to determine the effect of a wound in different skin parts of the same fish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights on Fish Immunology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 2435 KiB  
Article
Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent in a Receiving Stream on Reproductive Behavior of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)
by Joseph M. Leese, Julia McMahon and Joseph C. Colosi
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 14; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020014 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2232
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant effluents contain a variety of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including chemicals with estrogenic activity such as 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and nonylphenols. These substances can affect both behavior and physiology in vertebrate animals. To explore the presence and effects [...] Read more.
Wastewater treatment plant effluents contain a variety of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including chemicals with estrogenic activity such as 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and nonylphenols. These substances can affect both behavior and physiology in vertebrate animals. To explore the presence and effects of these EDCs in a natural setting, juvenile and adult male fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were held in cages upstream and downstream of the effluent site of a wastewater treatment plant for 21 days and subsequently tested for changes in reproductive behaviors and production of vitellogenin. Additionally, estrogenic activity in the stream was measured using a yeast bioassay. Estrogenicity was found to be significantly higher downstream of the wastewater effluent when compared to levels upstream. Vitellogenin levels did not show a correlational pattern with levels of estrogenicity in the water, but two measures of reproductive behaviors occurred significantly less often in downstream males than upstream males. This suggests that a brief (three-week) exposure to stream water containing wastewater treatment plant effluent can bring about changes in reproductive behavior of fish and that behavior may be more sensitive to low levels of environmental endocrine disruptors than vitellogenin production. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 949 KiB  
Communication
Black Caviar Perturbs Reflection of Russian Geography: A Research Note of Aquaculture-Triggered Place Naming Puzzle
by Dmitry A. Ruban and Vladimir A. Ermolaev
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 13; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020013 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3049
Abstract
Black caviar is often thought to be a typically Russian luxurious food product. Recently, its production has extended due to sturgeon aquaculture development. The analysis of the geographical affinities of the full-cycle companies and their aquaculture-sourced black caviar implies that the majority of [...] Read more.
Black caviar is often thought to be a typically Russian luxurious food product. Recently, its production has extended due to sturgeon aquaculture development. The analysis of the geographical affinities of the full-cycle companies and their aquaculture-sourced black caviar implies that the majority of them employs the Russian Caviar brand and/or refers to the Russian traditions and history. However, names, brands, and/or product positioning of several companies tend to mention geographical objects associated with the tradition places of black caviar production (Astrakhan, the Caspian Sea, and the Volga River), whereas these companies are located in the other, sometimes remote places (with distances over 1000 km). Such marketing solutions of black caviar producers perturb reflection of the Russian geography. The geographical indication (place of origin) of this fish product needs improvement, which is a task for companies, state, and professional societies. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1438 KiB  
Article
Mechanism of Delayed Convulsion in Fish: The Actions of Norepinephrine in Spinal Cord
by Cheng-Linn Lee, Yuri Kominami and Hideki Ushio
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 12; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020012 - 31 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4997
Abstract
Cranial spiking (CS) is among the most popular slaughtering methods for delaying the rigor mortis progress of fish muscles. However, it may cause a convulsion (subsequently referred to as delayed convulsion), which undermines the meat quality and taste. This study aimed to elucidate [...] Read more.
Cranial spiking (CS) is among the most popular slaughtering methods for delaying the rigor mortis progress of fish muscles. However, it may cause a convulsion (subsequently referred to as delayed convulsion), which undermines the meat quality and taste. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the delayed convulsion and examine its influence on ATP consumption. Ten carps, nine tilapias, ten rainbow trouts, two ayus, three greenling, thirty-five red seabreams, two striped jack and two stone flounders underwent CS around the medulla oblongata area, which induced different delayed convulsion profiles specific to each species. To investigate the norepinephrine (NE) actions related to delayed convulsion, 27 red seabreams, a representative fish species that exhibits delayed convulsion, were treated with a monoamine-depleting agent, reserpine, or with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline, two hours before CS. Spinal cord destruction (SCD) was employed to completely prevent spinal cord functions of the fish in another group. Compared with the control group (CS only), the reserpine, pargyline, and SCD groups showed significantly inhibited delayed convulsion and ATP consumption. This suggests that delayed convulsion is the main ATP-consuming response. Our findings suggest that delayed clonic convulsion in red seabreams is associated with the rapid decrease in spinal cord NE levels, which triggered the rebound motor neuron hyperactivity. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dissolved Potassium on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Welfare of Juvenile African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
by Lisa Carolina Wenzel, Sebastian Marcus Strauch, Ep Eding, Francisco Xose Presas-Basalo, Berit Wasenitz and Harry Wilhelm Palm
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes6020011 - 28 Mar 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4542
Abstract
Optimal crop production in aquaponics is influenced by water pH and potassium concentrations. The addition of potassium hydroxide (KOH) into the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) may benefit aquaponics by increasing the water pH for better biofilter activity and supplementing K for better plant [...] Read more.
Optimal crop production in aquaponics is influenced by water pH and potassium concentrations. The addition of potassium hydroxide (KOH) into the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) may benefit aquaponics by increasing the water pH for better biofilter activity and supplementing K for better plant growth and quality. We investigated the growth, feed conversion, body composition and welfare indicators of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with four concentrations of K (K0 = 2, K200 = 218, K400 = 418, and K600 = 671 mg L−1). While growth, feed conversion and final body composition were unaffected, the feeding time and individual resting significantly increased with increasing K+. The swimming activity and agonistic behavior were reduced significantly under increased concentrations of K+. Leftover feed and the highest number of skin lesions were observed under K600. We suggest that K+ concentrations between 200 and 400 mg L−1 can improve the welfare status of juvenile African catfish. This enables the application of KOH in RAS to supply alkalinity to achieve optimum nitrification at minimum water exchange and improve the nutritional profile of the process water with benefits for the welfare status of African catfish and aquaponics plant production and quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Impacts of Land-Based Aquaculture)
20 pages, 2239 KiB  
Article
Numeric Simulation Demonstrates That the Upstream Movement of Invasive Bigheaded Carp Can Be Blocked at Sets of Mississippi River Locks-and-Dams Using a Combination of Optimized Spillway Gate Operations, Lock Deterrents, and Carp Removal
by Daniel Patrick Zielinski and Peter W. Sorensen
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 10; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020010 - 26 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3807
Abstract
Invasive bigheaded carp are advancing up the Upper Mississippi River by passing through its locks-and-dams (LDs). Although these structures already impede fish passage, this role could be greatly enhanced by modifying how their spillway gates operate, adding deterrent systems to their locks, and [...] Read more.
Invasive bigheaded carp are advancing up the Upper Mississippi River by passing through its locks-and-dams (LDs). Although these structures already impede fish passage, this role could be greatly enhanced by modifying how their spillway gates operate, adding deterrent systems to their locks, and removing carp. This study examined this possibility using numeric modeling and empirical data, which evaluated all three options on an annual basis in both single LDs and pairs under different river flow conditions. Over 100 scenarios were modeled. While all three approaches showed promise, ranging from 8% to 73% reductions in how many carp pass a single LD, when employed together at pairs of LDs, upstream movement rates of invasive carp could be reduced 98–99% from current levels. Although modifying spillway gate operation is the least expensive option, its efficacy drops at high flows, so lock deterrents and/or removal using fishing/trapping are required to move towards complete blockage. Improved deterrent efficacy could also offset the need for more efficient removal. This model could help prioritize research and management actions for containing carp. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology and Control of Invasive Fishes)
Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 522 KiB  
Communication
Acceptance of a Protein Concentrate from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Fed a Formulated Diet
by Jessica Coburn, M. Scott Wells, Nicholas B. D. Phelps, T. Gibson Gaylord and Deborah A. Samac
Fishes 2021, 6(2), 9; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fishes6020009 - 25 Mar 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2890
Abstract
The majority of plant proteins used in aquatic feeds are derived from seed meals, which may contain antinutritional factors. Protein concentrates from plant foliage have received less attention in fish feeding trials. Alfalfa protein concentrate (APC) is derived from fresh alfalfa foliage that [...] Read more.
The majority of plant proteins used in aquatic feeds are derived from seed meals, which may contain antinutritional factors. Protein concentrates from plant foliage have received less attention in fish feeding trials. Alfalfa protein concentrate (APC) is derived from fresh alfalfa foliage that contains approximately 52% protein and is low in fiber. A feeding trial was done to assess growth and feed efficiency responses of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) fed a formulated diet with 180 g/kg APC replacing all fishmeal compared to a control isonitrogenous diet with fishmeal. Yellow perch accepted the APC diet but gained weight at a lower specific growth rate (−0.07% per day) and had an elevated feed conversion ratio (+0.32 g feed/g growth) than fish on the control diet containing fishmeal. There was no impact on survivorship or condition nor differences in fillet yield or composition in fish on the diet with APC compared to the control fishmeal diet. These findings indicate that although replacing fishmeal with APC in a perch diet resulted in slower growth rates, the APC was accepted and has promise as a sustainable protein in aquatic feeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Nutrition and Physiology in Aquatic Animals)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Previous Issue
Next Issue
Back to TopTop