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Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases
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Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2023) | Viewed by 59461

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alba Rodriguez-Nogales

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Digestive Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, ibs.GRANADA, 18014 Granada, Spain
Interests: polyphenols; antioxidant; immune response; microbiota; probiotics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Probiotics microorganisms exert their health-associated activities through some of the following general actions: competitive exclusion, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, production of bacteriocins, improvement of altered microbiota and modulation of the immune response. Among them, Lactobacillus is one of the most promising genera and it has been described to possess potential beneficial effects on different diseases including inflammatory processes and immunological alterations. In this sense, different studies, preclinical and clinical trials, have evidenced its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and elucidated the mechanisms of action involved in its beneficial effects, which would support future therapeutic approaches.  Therefore, this Special Issue welcomes the submission of manuscripts either describing original research or reviewing the new advances and challenges applied on the role of the probiotics and Lactobacillus in human in health and diseases.

Given your good expertise and publication record, I warmly invite you to contribute an article/review paper for possible for this Special Issue “Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in human health and diseases”.

In order to plan the whole project, I kindly ask that you let us know as early as possible if you are interested in making a contribution. We look forward to hearing from you.

Dr. Alba Rodriguez-Nogales
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • probiotics
  • Lactobacillus
  • inflammation
  • immunology
  • disease
  • health

Published Papers (19 papers)

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14 pages, 3677 KiB  
Article
Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4294 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG5289 Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice
by Ji Yeon Lee, Minju An, Huijin Heo, Jeong-Yong Park, Junsoo Lee and Chang-Ho Kang
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 2005; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15082005 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1703
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and the leading cause of liver-related deaths worldwide. It has been established that microorganisms are involved in the interaction between the intestinal lumen and the liver; therefore, studies on probiotics as potential [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and the leading cause of liver-related deaths worldwide. It has been established that microorganisms are involved in the interaction between the intestinal lumen and the liver; therefore, studies on probiotics as potential candidates are increasing. This study evaluated the effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4294 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG5289 on NAFLD. The MG4294 and MG5289 reduced lipid accumulation in FFA-induced HepG2 by suppressing the adipogenic proteins through the regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The administration of these strains in the HFD-induced mice model lowered body weight, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cholesterol levels. In particular, MG4294 and MG5289 restored liver TG and TC to normal levels by lowering lipid and cholesterol-related proteins via the modulation of AMPK in the liver tissue. In addition, the administration of MG4294 and MG5289 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β-, and IL6) in the intestinal tissues of the HFD-induced mouse model. In conclusion, MG4294 and MG5289 can be presented as probiotics with the potential to prevent NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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17 pages, 2577 KiB  
Article
Oral intake of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1 Produces a Beneficial Regulation of Gut Microbiota in Healthy Persons: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blind Trial
by Elio López-García, Antonio Benítez-Cabello, Antonio Pablo Arenas-de Larriva, Francisco Miguel Gutierrez-Mariscal, Pablo Pérez-Martínez, Elena María Yubero-Serrano, Antonio Garrido-Fernández and Francisco Noé Arroyo-López
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 1931; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15081931 - 17 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2116
Abstract
The search for vegetable-origin probiotic microorganisms is a recent area of interest. This study conducted a phase I clinical trial to assess the effects of oral administration of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1, a natural strain with probiotic potential isolated from table olive fermentations, on [...] Read more.
The search for vegetable-origin probiotic microorganisms is a recent area of interest. This study conducted a phase I clinical trial to assess the effects of oral administration of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1, a natural strain with probiotic potential isolated from table olive fermentations, on the gut microbiota. The trial was a randomised, placebo-controlled, single-blind study involving 39 healthy volunteers. Group A (n = 20) ingested one capsule/day of L. pentosus LPG1 containing 1 × 1010 UFC/capsule, while Group B (n = 19) received one capsule/day containing only dextrose (placebo). The capsules were taken during breakfast for 30 consecutive days. Human stool samples were collected from all volunteers at the beginning (baseline) and at the end of the study (post-intervention) and were subjected to 16S rRNA metataxonomic analysis using Illumina MiSeq. Sequencing data at the genus level were statistically analysed using traditional methods and compositional data analysis (CoDA). After treatment, the alpha diversity in Group B (placebo) decreased according to an increase in the Berger and Parker dominance index (p-value < 0.05); moreover, dominance D increased and Simpson 1-D index decreased (p-value < 0.10). The Lactobacillus genus in the faeces was included in the CoDA signature balances (selbal and coda4microbiome) and played a notable role in distinguishing samples from baseline and post-intervention in Group A (LPG1). Additionally, ingesting L. pentosus LPG1 modified the gut microbiota post-intervention, increasing the presence of Parabacteroides and Agathobacter, but reducing Prevotella. These findings suggest that L. pentosus LPG1 is a potentially beneficial gut microbiota modulator in healthy persons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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16 pages, 2027 KiB  
Article
Short-Term Intake of Theobroma grandiflorum Juice Fermented with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 Amended the Outcome of Endotoxemia Induced by Lipopolysaccharide
by Adrielle Zagmignan, Yasmim Costa Mendes, Gabrielle Pereira Mesquita, Gabrielle Damasceno Costa dos Santos, Lucas dos Santos Silva, Amanda Caroline de Souza Sales, Simeone Júlio dos Santos Castelo Branco, Alexsander Rodrigues Carvalho Junior, José Manuel Noguera Bazán, Edinalva Rodrigues Alves, Bárbara Lima de Almeida, Anne Karoline Maiorana Santos, Wellyson da Cunha Araújo Firmo, Maria Raimunda Chagas Silva, Antônio José Cantanhede Filho, Rita de Cássia Mendonça de Miranda and Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 1059; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15041059 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1473
Abstract
Endotoxemia is a condition caused by increasing levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) characterized by an impaired systemic response that causes multiple organ dysfunction. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 is a strain with probiotic potential which shows immunomodulatory properties. The incorporation of this bacterium in food [...] Read more.
Endotoxemia is a condition caused by increasing levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) characterized by an impaired systemic response that causes multiple organ dysfunction. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 is a strain with probiotic potential which shows immunomodulatory properties. The incorporation of this bacterium in food rich in bioactive compounds, such as cupuaçu juice (Theobroma grandiflorum), could result in a product with interesting health properties. This work evaluated the effects of the oral administration of cupuaçu juice fermented with L. rhamnosus on the outcome of LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice. C57BL/6 mice (12/group) received oral doses (100 µL) of saline solution and unfermented or fermented cupuaçu juice (108 CFU/mL). After 5 days, the endotoxemia was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg). The endotoxemia severity was evaluated daily using a score based on grooming behavior, mobility, presence of piloerection, and weeping eyes. After 6 h and 120 h, the mice (6/group) were euthanized for analysis of cell counts (in peritoneal lavage and serum) and organ weight. L. rhamnosus grew in cupuaçu juice and produced organic acids without the need for supplementation. The bacteria counts were stable in the juice during storage at 4 °C for 28 days. The fermentation with L. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 changed the metabolites profile of cupuaçu juice due to the biotransformation and enhancement of some compounds. In general, the administration of L. rhamnosus-fermented juice allowed a significant improvement in several characteristics of endotoxemic status (weight loss, hypothermia, severity index, cell migration). In addition, treatment with fermented juice significantly reduced the weight of the spleen, liver, intestine, and kidneys compared to the saline-treated endotoxemic group. Taken together, our data show that short-term intake therapy of cupuaçu juice fermented with L. rhamnosus ATCC 9595 can reduce systemic inflammation in an experimental model of LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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14 pages, 3137 KiB  
Article
Latilactobacillus sakei Wikim0066 Protects Skin through MMP Regulation on UVB-Irradiated In Vitro and In Vivo Model
by Jeong-Yong Park, Ji Yeon Lee, YongGyeong Kim and Chang-Ho Kang
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 726; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15030726 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1937
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) B exposure induces wrinkle formation, collagen fiber breakdown, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). UVB irradiation induces the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which affect the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). [...] Read more.
Ultraviolet (UV) B exposure induces wrinkle formation, collagen fiber breakdown, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). UVB irradiation induces the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which affect the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). We confirmed the effects of Latilactobacillus sakei wikim0066 (wikim0066) on UVB-irradiated Hs68 cells and HR-1 hairless mice cells. wikim0066 restored the production of type I procollagen by regulating the expression of MMP-1 and -3, MAPK, AP-1, and NF-κB in UVB-irradiated Hs68 cells and HR-1 mice. Oral administration of wikim0066 alleviates wrinkle formation, epidermal thickness, and TEWL in UVB-irradiated HR-1 hairless mice. These results indicated that wikim0066 has the potential to prevent UVB-induced wrinkle formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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15 pages, 2785 KiB  
Article
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSM20174 Attenuates the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Gut Microbiota, Improving Metabolic Risk Factors, and Attenuating Adipose Inflammation
by José I. Riezu-Boj, Miguel Barajas, Tania Pérez-Sánchez, María J. Pajares, Miriam Araña, Fermín I. Milagro and Raquel Urtasun
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5212; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14245212 - 07 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2313
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Targeting the gut–adipose tissue–liver axis by modulating the gut microbiota can be a promising therapeutic approach in NAFLD. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, a potent lactic-acid-producing bacterium, [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Targeting the gut–adipose tissue–liver axis by modulating the gut microbiota can be a promising therapeutic approach in NAFLD. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, a potent lactic-acid-producing bacterium, has been shown to attenuate NAFLD. However, to our knowledge, the possible effect of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain DSM20174 (L.p. DSM20174) on the gut–adipose tissue axis, diminishing inflammatory mediators as fuel for NAFLD progression, is still unknown. Using a NAFLD mouse model fed a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) diet for 10 weeks, we show that L.p DSM20174 supplementation of HFHF mice prevented weight gain, improved glucose and lipid homeostasis, and reduced white adipose inflammation and NAFLD progression. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the faecal microbiota suggested that treatment of HFHF-fed mice with L.p DSM20174 changed the diversity and altered specific bacterial taxa at the levels of family, genus, and species in the gut microbiota. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of L.p DSM20174 in preventing fatty liver progression may be related to modulations in the composition and potential function of gut microbiota associated with lower metabolic risk factors and a reduced M1-like/M2-like ratio of macrophages and proinflammatory cytokine expression in white adipose tissue and liver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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19 pages, 1541 KiB  
Article
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) as a Candidate Probiotic Strain for Human Health
by Alessandra Pino, Amanda Vaccalluzzo, Cinzia Caggia, Silvia Balzaretti, Luca Vanella, Valeria Sorrenti, Aki Ronkainen, Reetta Satokari and Cinzia Lucia Randazzo
Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4902; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14224902 - 19 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1907
Abstract
Lactobacilli with probiotic properties have emerged as promising tools for both the prevention and treatment of vaginal dysbiosis. The present study aimed to study the in vitro probiotic potential of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) strain isolated from a healthy vaginal ecosystem. [...] Read more.
Lactobacilli with probiotic properties have emerged as promising tools for both the prevention and treatment of vaginal dysbiosis. The present study aimed to study the in vitro probiotic potential of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) strain isolated from a healthy vaginal ecosystem. The strain was evaluated for both functional (antagonistic activity against pathogens; H2O2, organic acid, and lactic acid production; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; ability to adhere to intestinal mucus and to both CaCo-2 and VK7/E6E7 cell lines; exopolysaccharide production; surface properties; and ability to survive during gastrointestinal transit) and safety (hemolytic, DNase, and gelatinase activities; mucin degradation ability; production of biogenic amines; and resistance to antimicrobials) characteristics. Data revealed that the tested strain was able to antagonize a broad spectrum of vaginal pathogens. In addition, the adhesion capacity to both vaginal and intestinal cell lines, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, was detected. The ability of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CA15 (DSM 33960) strain to survive under harsh environmental conditions occurring during the gastrointestinal passage suggests its possible oral delivery. Thus, in vitro data highlighted interesting probiotic properties of the CA15 (DSM 33960) strain, which could represent a valuable candidate for in vivo vaginal infections treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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22 pages, 4191 KiB  
Article
Bifidobacterium breve Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Maintaining the Mucosal and Epithelial Barriers and Modulating Gut Microbes
by Meng-Meng Niu, Huan-Xin Guo, Jun-Wu Cai and Xiang-Chen Meng
Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3671; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14183671 - 06 Sep 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3721
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the different intestinal barrier repair mechanisms of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) H4-2 and H9-3 with different exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in mice with colitis. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IEC-6 cell inflammation model and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced [...] Read more.
This study was designed to explore the different intestinal barrier repair mechanisms of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) H4-2 and H9-3 with different exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in mice with colitis. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IEC-6 cell inflammation model and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced mice colitis model were used. Histopathological changes, epithelial barrier integrity, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content, cytokine levels, NF-κB expression level, and intestinal flora were analyzed to evaluate the role of B. breve in alleviating colitis. Cell experiments indicated that both B. breve strains could regulate cytokine levels. In vivo experiments confirmed that oral administration of B. breve H4-2 and B. breve H9-3 significantly increased the expression of mucin, occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and increased IL-10. Both strains of B. breve also inhibited the expression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, B. breve H4-2 and H9-3 intervention significantly increased the levels of SCFAs, reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidea, and increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae. These results demonstrate that EPS-producing B. breve strains H4-2 and H9-3 can regulate the physical, immune, and microbial barrier to repair the intestinal damage caused by DSS in mice. Of the two strains, H4-2 had a higher EPS output and was more effective at repair than H9-3. These results will provide insights useful for clinical applications and the development of probiotic products for the treatment of colitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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12 pages, 567 KiB  
Article
Metagenomic Changes of Gut Microbiota following Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection with a Simplified Low-Dose Quadruple Therapy with Bismuth or Lactobacillus reuteri
by Maria Pina Dore, Rosangela Sau, Caterina Niolu, Marcello Abbondio, Alessandro Tanca, Stefano Bibbò, Mariafrancesca Loria, Giovanni Mario Pes and Sergio Uzzau
Nutrients 2022, 14(14), 2789; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14142789 - 06 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2213
Abstract
Background: Probiotic supplementation to antibiotic regimens against Helicobacter pylori infection has been proposed to improve eradication rate and to decrease detrimental effects on gut microbiota. Aims: To evaluate microbiota modifications due to a low-dose quadruple therapy with bismuth or Lactobacillus reuteri. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Probiotic supplementation to antibiotic regimens against Helicobacter pylori infection has been proposed to improve eradication rate and to decrease detrimental effects on gut microbiota. Aims: To evaluate microbiota modifications due to a low-dose quadruple therapy with bismuth or Lactobacillus reuteri. Methods: Forty-six patients infected with H. pylori were prospectively enrolled in a single-centre, randomized controlled trial to receive b.i.d. with meals for 10 days low-dose quadruple therapy consisting of rabeprazole 20 mg and bismuth (two capsules of Pylera® plus 250 mg each of tetracycline and metronidazole), or the same dose of rabeprazole and antibiotics plus Gastrus® (L. reuteri), one tablet twice-a-day for 27 days. Stool samples were collected at the enrolment, at the end and 30–40 days after the treatment. Gut microbiota composition was investigated with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Eradication rate was by ITT 78% in both groups, and by PP analysis 85.7% and 95.5% for Gastrus® and bismuth group, respectively. Alpha and beta diversity decreased at the end of treatment and was associated with a reduction of bacterial genera beneficial for gut homeostasis, which was rescued 30–40 days later in both groups, suggesting a similar impact of the two regimens in challenging bacterial community complexity. Conclusions: Low-dose bismuth quadruple therapy proved to be effective with lower costs and amount of antibiotics and bismuth. Gastrus® might be an option for patients with contraindications to bismuth. L. reuteri was unable to significantly counteract dysbiosis induced by antibiotics. How to administer probiotics to prevent gut microbiota alterations remains an open question. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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13 pages, 2937 KiB  
Article
Retinoic Acid Signaling Is Compromised in DSS-Induced Dysbiosis
by Yongchun Li, Lili Sheng, Prasant Kumar Jena, Miranda Claire Gilbert, Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan and Hua Mao
Nutrients 2022, 14(14), 2788; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14142788 - 06 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2212
Abstract
Obesity and malnutrition both cause dysbiosis and dampen retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathways, which play pivotal roles in biological processes. The current study evaluates a hypothesis that colitis-associated dysbiosis also has systemic negative impacts on RA signaling. Thus, we studied the effects of [...] Read more.
Obesity and malnutrition both cause dysbiosis and dampen retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathways, which play pivotal roles in biological processes. The current study evaluates a hypothesis that colitis-associated dysbiosis also has systemic negative impacts on RA signaling. Thus, we studied the effects of inflammation, under a vitamin A-sufficient condition, on RA signaling using mouse colitis models induced by dextran sulfate sodium. That data showed that intestinal inflammation resulted in reduced RA signaling in the liver, brain, gut, and adipose tissues measured by analyzing the expression of genes encoding for the synthesis, oxidation, transport, and receptor of RA. The expression of RA-regulated gut homing molecules including α4β7 integrin, and CCR9, along with MADCAM1 were all reduced in colitis mice revealing compromised immunity due to reduced RA signaling. The data also showed that the development of colitis was accompanied by dysbiosis featured with reduced Lactobacillaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae but an expansion of Erysipelotrichaceae and others. Colitis resulted in reduced butyrate-producing bacteria and increased methane-generating bacteria. Additionally, dysbiosis was associated with induced Il-1β, Ifn-γ, and Tnf-α mRNA but reduced Il-22, Il-17f, and Rorγt transcripts in the colon. Together, intestinal inflammation inhibits RA signaling in multiple organs. RA is essential in regulating various biological processes, it is critical to detect RA signaling reduction in tissues even when vitamin A deficiency is absent. Moreover, probiotics can potentially prevent dysbiosis and reverse compromised RA signaling, having systemic health benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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19 pages, 4847 KiB  
Article
The Comparative Analysis of Genomic Diversity and Genes Involved in Carbohydrate Metabolism of Eighty-Eight Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Isolates from Different Niches of China
by Guopeng Lin, Qian Liu, Luyao Wang, Haitao Li, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Gang Wang and Wei Chen
Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2347; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14112347 - 04 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2215
Abstract
Eighty-eight Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum strains, which were isolated from human, chicken and cow fecal samples from different niches of China, were compared genomically in this study to evaluate their diversity. It was found that B. pseudocatenulatum displayed a closed pan-genome, including abundant glycoside hydrolase [...] Read more.
Eighty-eight Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum strains, which were isolated from human, chicken and cow fecal samples from different niches of China, were compared genomically in this study to evaluate their diversity. It was found that B. pseudocatenulatum displayed a closed pan-genome, including abundant glycoside hydrolase families of the carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy). A total of 30 kinds of glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 14 kinds of glycosyl transferases (GTs), 13 kinds of carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), 6 kinds of carbohydrate-esterases (CEs), and 2 kinds of auxiliary activities (AAs) gene families were identified across the genomes of the 88 B. pseudocatenulatum strains. Specifically, this showed that significant differences were also present in the number of 10 carbohydrate-active enzyme gene families (GT51, GH13_32, GH26, GH42, GH121, GH3, AA3, CBM46, CE2, and CE6) among the strains derived from the hosts of different age groups, particularly between strains from infants and those from other human age groups. Twelve different individuals of B. pseudocatenulatum from four main clusters were selected for further study to reveal the genetic diversity of carbohydrate metabolism-related genes within the same phylogenetics. The animal experiment showed that 3 weeks of oral administration and 1 week after cessation of administration of these strains did not markedly alter the serum routine inflammatory indicators in mice. Furthermore, the administration of these strains did not significantly cause adverse changes in the gut microbiota, as indicated by the α- and β-diversity indexes, relative to the control group (normal diet). Beyond that, FAHBZ9L5 significantly increased the abundance of B. pseudocatenulatum after 3 weeks and significantly increased the abundance of acetic acid and butyric acid in the host’s intestinal tract 3 and 4 weeks after the first administration, respectively, compared with the control group. Corresponding to this, comparative genomic analyses of 12 B. pseudocatenulatum suggest that FAHBZ9L5-specific genes were rich in ABC transporters and carbohydrate esterase. Combining the results of comparative genomics analyses and animal experiment, it is suggested that the strains containing certain gene clusters contribute to another competitive growth advantage of B. pseudocatenulatum, which facilitates its intestinal carbohydrate metabolism in a host. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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16 pages, 2510 KiB  
Article
Effect of Oral Intake of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 (GTB1TM) on Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
by Kyoungmi Jung, Areum Kim, Ji-Hae Lee, Donghyun Cho, Juyeon Seo, Eun Sung Jung, Hye-ji Kang, Jonghwa Roh and Wangi Kim
Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2015; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14102015 - 11 May 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2476
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) causes intestinal discomfort, gut dysfunction, and poor quality of life. This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus (Lp., formerly Lactobacillus) plantarum APsulloc 331261 (GTB1TM) from green tea leaves in participants with [...] Read more.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) causes intestinal discomfort, gut dysfunction, and poor quality of life. This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus (Lp., formerly Lactobacillus) plantarum APsulloc 331261 (GTB1TM) from green tea leaves in participants with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Twenty-seven participants meeting the Rome IV diagnostic criteria were randomized for GTB1 or placebo ingestion for four weeks and follow-up for two weeks. The efficacy endpoints included adequate global relief of symptoms, assessment of intestinal discomfort symptom severity and frequency, stool frequency, satisfaction, and fecal microbiome abundance. Of all participants, 94.4% and 62.5% reported global relief of symptoms in the GTB1 and placebo groups, respectively, with significant differences (p = 0.037). GTB1 significantly reduced the severity and frequency of abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling of incomplete evacuation. The frequencies of diarrhea were decreased −45.89% and −26.76% in the GTB1 and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.045). Hence, GTB1 ingestion improved IBS-D patient quality of life. After four weeks treatment, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was higher in the GTB1 than in the placebo group (p = 0.010). Our results showed that GTB1 enhanced intestinal discomfort symptoms, defecation consistency, quality of life, beneficial microbiota, and overall intestinal health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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15 pages, 3129 KiB  
Article
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus FM9 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum Y57 Are as Effective as Statins at Improving Blood Lipid Profile in High Cholesterol, High-Fat Diet Model in Male Wistar Rats
by Hamza Zafar, Noor ul Ain, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Saeed Alghamdi, Hafsa Raja, Amjad Ali, Abubakar Siddique, Syeda Duaa Tahir, Samina Akbar, Maryum Arif, Metab Alharbi and Abdur Rahman
Nutrients 2022, 14(8), 1654; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14081654 - 15 Apr 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3202
Abstract
Elevated serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary heart diseases. Some Lactobacillus strains with cholesterol-lowering potential have been isolated from artisanal food products. The purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic Lactobacillus strains from traditional yoghurt (dahi) and yogurt milk [...] Read more.
Elevated serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary heart diseases. Some Lactobacillus strains with cholesterol-lowering potential have been isolated from artisanal food products. The purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic Lactobacillus strains from traditional yoghurt (dahi) and yogurt milk (lassi) and investigate the impact of these strains on the blood lipid profile and anti-obesity effect in a high cholesterol high fat diet model in Wistar rats. Eight candidate probiotic strains were chosen based on in vitro probiotic features and cholesterol reduction ability. By 16S rDNA sequencing, these strains were identified as Limosilactibacillus fermentum FM6, L. fermentum FM16, L. fermentum FM12, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus FM9, L. fermentum Y55, L. fermentum Y57, L. rhamnosus Y59, and L. fermentum Y63. The safety of these strains was investigated by feeding 2 × 108 CFU/mL in saline water for 28 days in a Wistar rat model. No bacterial translocation or any other adverse effects were observed in animals after administration of strains in water, which indicates the safety of strains. The cholesterol-lowering profile of these probiotics was evaluated in male Wistar rats using a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFCD) model. For 30 days, animals were fed probiotic strains in water with 2 × 108 CFU/mL/rat/day, in addition to a high fat, high cholesterol diet. The cholesterol-lowering effects of various probiotic strains were compared to those of statin. All strains showed improvement in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and weight gain. Serum cholesterol levels were reduced by 9% and 8% for L. rhamnosus FM9 and L. fermentum Y57, respectively, compared to 5% for the statin-treated group. HDL levels significantly improved by 46 and 44% for L. rhamnosus FM9 and L. fermentum Y57, respectively, compared to 46% for the statin-treated group. Compared to the statin-treated group, FM9 and Y57 significantly reduced LDL levels by almost twofold. These findings show that these strains can improve blood lipid profiles as effectively as statins in male Wistar rats. Furthermore, probiotic-fed groups helped weight control in animals on HFCD, indicating the possible anti-obesity potential of these strains. These strains can be used to develop food products and supplements to treat ischemic heart diseases and weight management. Clinical trials, however, are required to validate these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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18 pages, 3636 KiB  
Article
Centenarian-Sourced Lactobacillus casei Combined with Dietary Fiber Complex Ameliorates Brain and Gut Function in Aged Mice
by Minhong Ren, He Li, Zhen Fu and Quanyang Li
Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 324; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14020324 - 13 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3985
Abstract
Dietary intervention could modulate age-related neurological disorders via the gut–brain axis. The potential roles of a probiotic and the dietary fiber complex (DFC) on brain and gut function in aged mice were investigated in this study. Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 and DFC were orally [...] Read more.
Dietary intervention could modulate age-related neurological disorders via the gut–brain axis. The potential roles of a probiotic and the dietary fiber complex (DFC) on brain and gut function in aged mice were investigated in this study. Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 and DFC were orally administrated for 12 weeks, and the learning and memory ability, as well as the oxidative parameters, inflammatory markers, gut barrier function and microbial metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were investigated. LTL1361 and DFC supplementation ameliorated cognitive ability, attenuated oxidative stress in brain and inflammation in serum and colon, ameliorated gut barrier function, and increased the SCFA concentrations and gene expression of SCFA receptors. The protective effect was more significantly enhanced in aged mice treated with the combination of LTL1361 and DFC than treated with LTL1361 or DFC alone. These results could be associated with the protected morphology of pyramidal nerve cells in hippocampus of mice brain and the downregulation of apoptosis marker caspase-3 in brain and upregulation of tight junction proteins in small intestine and colon. The results indicated that Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 and DFC alleviated age-related cognitive impairment, as well as protected brain and gut function. Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 and DFC might be used as novel and promising antiaging agents in human. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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13 pages, 1245 KiB  
Article
Effects of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 on the Immune Response of Elderly Subjects to COVID-19 Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro, Francisco J. Formigo-Couceiro, Roi Veiga-Gutierrez, Jose A. Maldonado-Lobón, Ana M. Hermida-Cao, Carlos Rodriguez, Oscar Bañuelos, Mónica Olivares and Ruth Blanco-Rojo
Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 228; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14010228 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4781
Abstract
Elderly people are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, with a high risk of developing severe disease and a reduced immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to assess the effect of the consumption of the probiotic Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT [...] Read more.
Elderly people are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, with a high risk of developing severe disease and a reduced immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to assess the effect of the consumption of the probiotic Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 on the immune response generated by the COVID-19 vaccine in an elderly population was performed. Two hundred nursing home residents >60 yrs that had not COVID-19 were randomized to receive L. coryniformis K8 or a placebo daily for 3 months. All volunteers received a complete vaccination schedule of a mRNA vaccine, starting the intervention ten days after the first dose. Specific IgG and IgA antibody levels were analyzed 56 days after the end of the immunization process. No differences between the groups were observed in the antibody levels. During the intervention, 19 subjects had COVID-19 (11 receiving K8 vs. 8 receiving placebo, p = 0.457). Subgroup analysis in these patients showed that levels of IgG were significantly higher in those receiving K8 compared to placebo (p = 0.038). Among subjects >85 yrs that did not get COVID-19, administration of K8 tended to increase the IgA levels (p = 0.082). The administration of K8 may enhance the specific immune response against COVID-19 and may improve the COVID-19 vaccine-specific responses in elderly populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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19 pages, 4801 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1201 Combined with Galactooligosaccharide on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice
by Zhongyue Ren, Yalan Huo, Qimeng Zhang, Shufang Chen, Huihui Lv, Lingling Peng, Hua Wei and Cuixiang Wan
Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4441; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu13124441 - 12 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2885
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) has a high mortality rate of approximately 20–40%, and it is imperative to find complementary and alternative drugs for treating ALI. A carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI mouse model was established to explore whether dietary intervention can alleviate [...] Read more.
Acute liver injury (ALI) has a high mortality rate of approximately 20–40%, and it is imperative to find complementary and alternative drugs for treating ALI. A carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI mouse model was established to explore whether dietary intervention can alleviate ALI in mice. Intestinal flora, intestinal integrity, biomarkers of hepatic function, systemic inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis signals were detected through a real-time PCR, hematoxylin-eosin staining, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and so on. The results showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1201 had a strongly antioxidant ability, and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) could boost its growth. Based on these findings, the combination of L. plantarum 1201 and GOS, the synbiotic, was applied to prevent CCl4-induced ALI in mice. The current research proved that GOS promoted the intestinal colonization of L. plantarum 1201, and the synbiotic improved the antioxidant capacity of the host, regulated the intestinal flora, repaired the intestinal barrier, inhibited the activation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway, and then inhibited the apoptosis and autophagy pathways, relieving inflammation and liver oxidation; thereby, the ALI of mice was alleviated. These results suggest that synbiotics may become a new research direction for liver-protecting drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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Review

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18 pages, 384 KiB  
Review
Pathogen-Specific Benefits of Probiotic and Synbiotic Use in Childhood Acute Gastroenteritis: An Updated Review of the Literature
by Maria Oana Săsăran, Cristina Oana Mărginean, Heidrun Adumitrăchioaiei and Lorena Elena Meliț
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 643; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu15030643 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2951
Abstract
Probiotics represent viable microorganisms which are found within the normal gut microbiota, that exert strain-specific benefits in the management of several gastrointestinal disorders in children, including acute gastroenteritis. This review aims to evaluate the pathogen-specific role of probiotic supplementation in childhood diarrhea. A [...] Read more.
Probiotics represent viable microorganisms which are found within the normal gut microbiota, that exert strain-specific benefits in the management of several gastrointestinal disorders in children, including acute gastroenteritis. This review aims to evaluate the pathogen-specific role of probiotic supplementation in childhood diarrhea. A search of scientific databases was conducted to identify studies which investigated efficacy of probiotics and synbiotics in influencing outcome of acute gastroenteritis of known etiology. We identified 32 studies, most of which analyzed impact of probiotic supplementation in rotavirus gastroenteritis, while a very limited number of these conducted a separate analysis on bacterial diarrhea. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), L. reuteri and S. boulardii still remain the most researched strains, with a proven role in decreasing diarrhea and hospitalization duration, especially in the setting of rotavirus infection. Combined products containing at least one of the aforementioned strains also performed similarly and might also influence rotavirus fecal shedding. Rotavirus immunization status has also been proposed as a significant influencing factor of probiotic use impact. The paucity of research focusing on bacterial etiologies, as well as of clinical trials conducted within ambulatory care units leaves room for further research on the matter, which needs to include larger cohort studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
19 pages, 2998 KiB  
Review
Novel Horizons in Postbiotics: Lactobacillaceae Extracellular Vesicles and Their Applications in Health and Disease
by Elena González-Lozano, Jorge García-García, Julio Gálvez, Laura Hidalgo-García, Alba Rodríguez-Nogales, María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas and Manuel Sánchez
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5296; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14245296 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3465
Abstract
Lactobacillus probiotics contained in dietary supplements or functional foods are well-known for their beneficial properties exerted on host health and diverse pathological situations. Their capacity to improve inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and regulate the immune system is especially remarkable. Although bacteria–host interactions have [...] Read more.
Lactobacillus probiotics contained in dietary supplements or functional foods are well-known for their beneficial properties exerted on host health and diverse pathological situations. Their capacity to improve inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and regulate the immune system is especially remarkable. Although bacteria–host interactions have been thought to occur directly, the key role that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from probiotics play on this point is being unveiled. EVs are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles that carry a wide range of cargo compounds and act in different signalling pathways. Notably, these EVs have been recently proposed as a safe alternative to the utilisation of live bacteria since they can avoid the possible risks that probiotics may entail in vulnerable cases such as immunocompromised patients. Therefore, this review aims to give an updated overview of the existing knowledge about EVs from different Lactobacillus strains, their mechanisms and effects in host health and different pathological conditions. All of the information collected suggests that EVs could be considered as potential tools for the development of future novel therapeutic approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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41 pages, 1609 KiB  
Review
The Complex Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Food Detoxification
by Penka Petrova, Alexander Arsov, Flora Tsvetanova, Tsvetomila Parvanova-Mancheva, Evgenia Vasileva, Lidia Tsigoriyna and Kaloyan Petrov
Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2038; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14102038 - 12 May 2022
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 8250
Abstract
Toxic ingredients in food can lead to serious food-related diseases. Such compounds are bacterial toxins (Shiga-toxin, listeriolysin, Botulinum toxin), mycotoxins (aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, fumonisin), pesticides of different classes (organochlorine, organophosphate, synthetic pyrethroids), heavy metals, and natural antinutrients such as phytates, oxalates, and cyanide-generating [...] Read more.
Toxic ingredients in food can lead to serious food-related diseases. Such compounds are bacterial toxins (Shiga-toxin, listeriolysin, Botulinum toxin), mycotoxins (aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, fumonisin), pesticides of different classes (organochlorine, organophosphate, synthetic pyrethroids), heavy metals, and natural antinutrients such as phytates, oxalates, and cyanide-generating glycosides. The generally regarded safe (GRAS) status and long history of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as essential ingredients of fermented foods and probiotics make them a major biological tool against a great variety of food-related toxins. This state-of-the-art review aims to summarize and discuss the data revealing the involvement of LAB in the detoxification of foods from hazardous agents of microbial and chemical nature. It is focused on the specific properties that allow LAB to counteract toxins and destroy them, as well as on the mechanisms of microbial antagonism toward toxigenic producers. Toxins of microbial origin are either adsorbed or degraded, toxic chemicals are hydrolyzed and then used as a carbon source, while heavy metals are bound and accumulated. Based on these comprehensive data, the prospects for developing new combinations of probiotic starters for food detoxification are considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

12 pages, 2547 KiB  
Systematic Review
Supplementation of Probiotics in Pregnant Women Targeting Group B Streptococcus Colonization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Daniela Menichini, Giuseppe Chiossi, Francesca Monari, Francesco De Seta and Fabio Facchinetti
Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4520; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nu14214520 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3586
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine if probiotic supplementation in pregnancy reduced maternal Group B streptococcus (GBS) recto-vaginal colonization in pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation. Electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from [...] Read more.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine if probiotic supplementation in pregnancy reduced maternal Group B streptococcus (GBS) recto-vaginal colonization in pregnant women at 35–37 weeks of gestation. Electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from inception up to February 2022. We included RCTs assessing the effects of probiotic supplementation in pregnancy on GBS recto-vaginal colonization. The primary outcome was GBS-positive recto-vaginal cultures performed at 35–37 weeks of gestation. Secondarily, we evaluated obstetric and short-term neonatal outcomes. A total of 132 publications were identified; 9 full-length articles were reviewed to finally include 5 studies. Probiotic supplementation reduced vaginal GBS colonization: the GBS positive culture rate was estimated at 31.9% (96/301) in the intervention group compared to 38.6% (109/282) in the control group (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.94, I2 4.8%, p = 0.38). The treatment started after 30 weeks of gestation and was more effective in reducing GBS colonization (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.78, I2 0%, p = 0.55). Probiotic administration during pregnancy, namely in the third trimester, was associated with a reduced GBS recto-vaginal colonization at 35–37 weeks and a safe perinatal profile. Whether this new strategy could reduce the exposition of pregnant women to significant doses of antibiotics in labor needs to be evaluated in other trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Lactobacillus and Probiotics in Human Health and Diseases)
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